炭凝集试验快速检测呼吸道合胞病毒的研究

用炭凝集试验（ＣＡＴ）检测呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）,结果表明该法是一种简便、快速、特异的诊断方法。用ＣＡＴ对１６株ＲＳＶ和８株其它病毒做试验,结果仅ＲＳＶ凝集,而其它病毒均阴性。用该法与细胞培养法检测８３份临床呼吸道感染幼儿鼻咽吸出物,结果ＣＡＴ法阳性率为６９．８８％（５３／８３）,细胞培养法为３９．７５％（３３／８３）,两者阳性检出率相差极显著。阻断试验证明ＣＡＴ是高度特异的。结果证明ＣＡＴ具有较高的敏感性与特异性,可用于临床ＲＳＶ标本的快速检测。     

新的人兽共患传染病——狐狸阴道加德纳氏菌病的研究 Ⅳ.Dot-ELISA检测狐狸阴道加德纳氏菌病血清抗体的研究

应用建立的Dot-ELISA方法检测了192份狐狸阴道加德纳氏菌人工感染狐、疫苗免疫狐和菌检阳性狐血清,结果187/192呈阳性反应,检出率为97.3%. 阻断和交叉试验证实,本方法具有特异性.敏感度为平板凝集试验(PAT)的28.1倍,为微量凝集试验(MAT)的5.5倍.重复性良好,与PAT、MAT的阳性符合率为100%.     

新的人兽共患传染病——狐狸阴道加德纳氏菌病的研究 Ⅳ.Dot-ELISA检测狐狸阴道加德纳氏菌病血清抗体的研究

应用建立的Dot-ELISA方法检测了192份狐狸阴道加德纳氏菌人工感染狐、疫苗免疫狐和菌检阳性狐血清,结果187/192呈阳性反应,检出率为97.3%. 阻断和交叉试验证实,本方法具有特异性.敏感度为平板凝集试验(PAT)的28.1倍,为微量凝集试验(MAT)的5.5倍.重复性良好,与PAT、MAT的阳性符合率为100%.     

化学发光微粒子免疫法和梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验检测梅毒抗体的比较

目的评价化学发光微粒子免疫法（chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay, CMIA）检测临床血清标本梅毒螺旋体抗体的敏感性和特异性。方法用梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验（TVeponema Pallidum particie agglutination test,TPPA）法作为对照标准,采用CMIA法检测2012年11月到12月1200例住院患者的血清标本,并用卡方检验评价两种检测方法对同一个样本的化验结果的一致性。结果1200例血清标本中用CMIA法检出阳性率为11.3%,TPPA法检出阳性率为10. 9% ,以TPPA为标准,CMIA法敏感性为96. 9%,特异性为99. 2%,其中CMIA法检测血清S/CO值〉 4. 00的110例,用TPPA确认107例阳性,阳性预测值（PPV）为97.3%;CMIA法S/C0值在1.0-9.0,TPPA可出现阴性结果。结论CMIA法可替代TPPA法进行梅毒螺旋体抗体检测,对于CMIA法检测S/C0值1. 0-4.0的需进一步复检。     

应用明胶颗粒凝集试验检测人免疫缺陷病病毒(HIV-1)抗体

明胶颗粒凝集试验是测定HIV-1抗体的新方法。本研究将明胶颗粒凝集试验与ELISA法、蛋白印迹法和间接免疫荧光试验做了比较,观察本方法的敏感性和特异性。共检测了195份来自法国和非洲象牙海岸的血清,凡是蛋白印迹法阳性的血清,明胶颗粒凝试验都是阳性。这表明本方法是特异和敏感的,方法简便,不需特殊仪器,省时,可用于HIV-1抗体的筛选,但多数蛋白印迹法可疑的血清,明胶颗粒试验均阴性。因此,对蛋白印迹法测出的可疑者应该用数种方法进行追踪检测。     

自体红细胞凝集试验研究进展

自体红细胞凝集试验是一种快速、简便,成本低廉的免疫学检测方法。用于自体红细胞凝集试验的主要成分是一种双功能性抗体。介绍了自体红细胞凝集试验的基本原理和主要特点,以及如何建立自体红细胞凝集试验检测体系;简要综述了双功能性抗体的活性、稳定性、特异性、敏感性等方面的研究进展,以及自体红细胞凝集试验检测方法的应用前景。     

羊布鲁氏菌病4种血清学检测方法的临床应用比较

目的 荧光偏振试验（FPA）、间接ELISA方法（IELISA）、试管凝集试验（SAT）、虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）4种临床检测方法检测内蒙古地区羊布鲁氏菌病。方法 FPA方法、IELISA方法、SAT法及RBT法同时检测在内蒙古各地区随机采集的2 727份羊血清样本。结果 FPA、IELISA、SAT及RBT法对2 727份羊血清的阳性检出率分别为7.59%、7.45%、6.31%和6.20%。集约化养殖场的阳性检出率为4.80%,散户养殖场的9.41%,内蒙古地区依旧存在布鲁氏菌病的威胁。结论 FPA法检测羊布鲁氏菌病适合于临床诊断,在田间也能快速准确的诊断布鲁氏菌病。     

炭末明胶改良安瓿法应用研究

为了证实炭末明胶改良安瓿管法替代其他方法检测细菌是否产明胶酶,实验中采用营养明胶法、X线胶片法和炭末明胶改良安瓿管法对486株质控菌株、临床分离菌株进行明胶液化试验。结果显示,以营养明胶法培养的359株呈阳性反应,X线胶片法274株呈阳性反应,炭末明胶改良安瓿法423株呈阳性反应。营养明胶法明胶液化平均天数为3.3d,而炭末明胶改良安瓿法明胶液化平均天数仅为1.5d。炭末明胶改良安瓿法由于简单快捷,易于观察,而且试剂用量小、能够室温长期保存,该方法值得推广应用。     

分娩后宫颈分泌物中脆弱类杆菌的调查

本文介绍用脆弱类杆菌抗血清标记SpA(Bf—SpA)做协同凝集试验(CoA)调查123例正常分娩后妇女宫颈处的脆弱类杆菌,阳性率为22.7％,与常规厌氧培养法相比,SpA协同凝集试验具有特异性强、敏感性高、方法简便、快速的优点,适宜在基层单位推广应用。     

肺炎支原体IgG类抗体亲和力检测的实验研究与临床应用

目的探讨肺炎支原体IgG类抗体亲和力检测在肺炎支原体感染诊断中的意义。方法用被动颗粒凝集试验(PPA)和间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测儿童上呼吸道感染者血清IgM类抗体水平,同时用IFA法检测其IgG类抗体的亲和力,并对检测结果进行相关性分析和一致性检验。结果在IgM类抗体检测上PPA法检出阳性率(60/120)高于IFA法(49/120),两法检测结果缺乏一致性。而IFA法检测IgG类抗体阳性的97例中,有22例检出低亲和力IgG类抗体,其中20例同时检出IgM类抗体,两法检测结果具有显著的相关性(P<0.001)和较好的一致性(0.7>Kappa>0.4)。结论肺炎支原体低亲和力IgG类抗体检测有与IgM类抗体检测类似的早期诊断价值,可与IgM类抗体联合检测用于区分近期感染、感染后复发或再次感染。     

Automatic blood group determination in the ABO- and Rh-system using conductometry]

A method was developed and tested on the basis of conductometry for determining blood group-specific agglutinates in the AB0 and Rh-system (D). By comparing the measured particle numbers before and after administration of specific antisera or test erythrocytes and objective evaluation can be made whether agglutination has occurred or not. The calculated degrees of agglutination were compared depending on the method, sex, and age of patients. The method can be automated.     

Latex agglutination test for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia in children in developing countries.

OBJECTIVE--To prepare and assess the sensitivity and specificity of a latex agglutination test specific for the serotype of antigen in diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia in Gambian children. DESIGN--Comparison of agglutination test specific for serotype with culture of blood and lung aspirates, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, and commercial latex agglutination tests in diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia. Cross reaction studies and investigation of 102 control children to determine specificity of agglutination test specific for serotype. SETTING--General medical ward of Medical Research Council laboratories, The Gambia. PATIENTS--101 Gambian children aged between 2 months and 10 years admitted with severe pneumonia. INTERVENTIONS--Serum samples were boiled and treated with edetic acid, and urine samples were boiled and concentrated 25 times before testing. END POINT--A latex agglutination test specific for the serotype of pneumococcal antigen that is sensitive and highly specific for detecting pneumococcus in the urine of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Concentrated urine samples from 16 of the 21 children (76%) with pneumococcal pneumonia established by results of culture of blood or lung aspirates gave a positive result with the agglutination test specific for serotype, whereas only four of the 102 urine samples obtained from control children without pneumonia gave positive results. The serotypes of antigens detected in the urine of children with pneumococcal pneumonia and the serotypes of pneumococci isolated from cultures of blood or lung aspirates were the same in all cases. CONCLUSIONS--When performed on urine samples the agglutination test specific for serotype has a high specificity and is more sensitive than culture of blood or lung aspirates, commercial agglutination tests, or countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in identifying pneumococcal pneumonia. It is easy to use and should be especially useful in communities with limited laboratory facilities.     

Specificity of anti-human IgG antibodies in antiglobulin (Coombs) sera.

The agglutination test with latex particles coated with aggregated human IgG was introduced into the evaluation of Coombs serum as an additional test for anti-IgG antibody activity. In Coombs sera prepared by the conventional immunization method employing Freund's adjuvant, latex agglutination titers were found much lower than those of anti-D-coated red cell agglutination. On the other hand, in sera prepared by other immunization methods, such as the one according to Haynes and Chaplin (1971), anti-IgG antibody response was readily observed by IgG-coated latex agglutination. Specificity of anti-IgG antibodies in the latter sera seems to be predominantly directed to aggregated human IgG.     

Screening for plant lectins by latex agglutination tests

The latex agglutination test has been applied as a detection system for lectins, the method being especially useful in locations where the dependence on blood for hemagglutination tests could be minimised. The binding of various glycoproteins and sugars individually to the latex particles facilitated the agglutination with lectins having varying sugar specificities. The glycoproteins used were ovalbumin, horseradish peroxidase, porcine mucin and fetuin, while N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine comprised the sugars used for binding to latex. The sensitivity of the latex agglutination tests was comparable with that of hemagglutination tests. Sugar binding specificity of the lectins could also be determined by inhibition of the agglutination in the presence of corresponding free sugars. The method proved to be useful in screening crude seed extracts for the presence of lectins.     

Application of a Microtechnique to the Agglutination Test for Leptospiral Antibodies

A microtechnique has been developed and adapted successfully to the microscopic agglutination test with live antigens for detection of leptospiral antibodies. Simultaneous titrations were performed by the conventional microscopic agglutination test and the microtechnique. When the microtechnique was used to screen 50 unknown leptospiral strains with a battery of hyperimmune sera, 98% agreement was obtained with the conventional procedure. Comparative data on 635 tests on these 50 cultures established the reliability of the microtechnique. Results with the two tests on 46 human sera revealed 93% agreement in the detection of leptospiral antibodies. The validity and reliability of the microtechnique obtained in these comparative studies suggests that it can be used as a valuable screening procedure for the microscopic agglutination test for preliminary cross agglutination studies on unknown strains and for the detection of leptospiral antibodies in human and animal sera.     

Rapid latex agglutination test for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E that uses high-density latex particles.

A rapid reversed passive latex agglutination method that uses high-density latex particles for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A to E was developed. It took 3 h for incubation, much less than the 16 h needed with a customary latex agglutination test for SE detection such as a commercial test kit (SET-RPLA; Denka Seiken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The rapid test was shown to be highly specific and sensitive for SE detection (detection limit, about 0.5 ng of SE per ml), comparable to the SET-RPLA test. The rapid test was also efficient in SE detection in foods and culture supernatants of staphylococcal strains, similar to the SET-RPLA test. This showed that a rapid test with high-density latex particles is fully reliable for use.     

Rapid latex agglutination test for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E that uses high-density latex particles

A rapid reversed passive latex agglutination method that uses high-density latex particles for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A to E was developed. It took 3 h for incubation, much less than the 16 h needed with a customary latex agglutination test for SE detection such as a commercial test kit (SET-RPLA; Denka Seiken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The rapid test was shown to be highly specific and sensitive for SE detection (detection limit, about 0.5 ng of SE per ml), comparable to the SET-RPLA test. The rapid test was also efficient in SE detection in foods and culture supernatants of staphylococcal strains, similar to the SET-RPLA test. This showed that a rapid test with high-density latex particles is fully reliable for use.