荒漠甲虫光滑鳖甲和小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因及其3'-UTR的序列分析

拟步甲科昆虫光滑鳖甲Anatolica polita Kaszab和小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Kaszab分别是新疆准噶尔盆地荒漠地区的广布种和特有种。它们的生活习性有很大差异,光滑鳖甲白天活动,且活动范围广,而小胸鳖甲喜阴避光夜晚活动,活动范围小,但在两者体内都发现有多拷贝的抗冻蛋白基因,并且抗冻蛋白基因在夏季也有表达。为了比较这两种昆虫的抗冻蛋白序列以及不同时期表达的抗冻蛋白序列的差异情况,本研究分别以光滑鳖甲和小胸鳖甲的过冬和夏季成虫为材料,根据已克隆的抗冻蛋白基因序列设计通用引物,扩增新的抗冻蛋白基因及其3'-非翻译区(3'-UTR)。序列分析结果表明,无论是冬季还是夏季表达的抗冻蛋白在两种昆虫中都具有拟步甲科昆虫抗冻蛋白的特点,即含有不同数量的"TCTXSXXCXXAX"12个氨基酸的重复序列;光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的变异性大于小胸鳖甲,并且在重复基序的保守位点都有突变现象。小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白在C末端有较大变异。光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的3'-UTR区变异较大,而小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的3'-UTR区几乎没有变异。推测两种昆虫抗冻蛋白及抗冻蛋白基因3'-UTR的变异性可能与抗冻蛋白的表达调控以及昆虫对微环境的适应性有关。     

叶蜂属fortunii种团一新种(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述了采自陕西东部的叶蜂科Tenthredinidae叶蜂属TenthredoL.1新种:刺胸槌腹叶蜂TenthredodentipectaWeietNie,sp.nov.。该新种隶属于Tenthredo属的fortunii种团,并与该种团分布于印度尼西亚的T.corporaali(Forsius,1925)最为近似,区别为:新种体型较小,体长仅为10mm,中胸侧板光滑无刻点,单眼后区宽长比等于2,体褐色,腹部2～6节背板基部1/2黑褐色,触角第3节短于第4 5节之和等。     

陕西蚜茧蜂—新属—新种记述(膜翅目:蚜茧蜂科)

在陕西省南部采集的一批蚜茧蜂标本中,发现一新属一新种,现记述如下,模式标本保存于陕西师范大学生物系。乳瘤蚜茧蜂属Papilloma,新属 头横宽,有后头脊。触角线状,12节。复眼大,卵圆形。上颚具二齿,下颚须2节,下唇须4节。中胸盾片光滑,盾纵沟短而不明显。前翅翅痣长三角形,长为宽的3.6     

寄生于油茶枯叶蛾卵的黑卵蜂一新种(膜翅目:缘腹细蜂科)

油茶枯叶蛾 Lebeda nobilis Walker的卵上,近年来发现有黑卵蜂寄生,经鉴定为一新种,现记述于下。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。油茶枯叶蛾黑卵蜂 Telenomus(Aholcus)lebedae,新种 体长0.95—1.20毫米。体黑色,触角1—6节为棕黄色,7—10节为褐色,足为黄褐色,但第5跗节为褐色。头宽于胸,约为头长的2.6倍,复眼具细毛。触角(图2)10节,第1节长为宽的5倍.以2.8倍长于第2节;第2节以2.4倍长于宽,以1.3倍长于第3     

云南肖叶甲新种记述(鞘翅目:肖叶甲科)

本文记述采自云南的6个肖叶甲新种。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。光樟叶甲 Chalcolema glabrata,新种 体背光亮。头、胸、小盾片、体腹面和足棕红或血红色,鞘翅金属绿或蓝绿色,触角基部四、五节棕黄,余节黑褐色。 头光滑,刻点很细小稀疏,额中央有一条短纵沟。雄触角较长,达体长的2/3,雌触角     

中国跷蝽科记述(半翅目:异翅亚目)

跷蝽科(Berytidae)是一个较小的科,已知约百余种,主要分布于非洲及印澳地区。体小型,狭长,触角及足细长,触角第一节及各足股节顶端膨大成棒状,触角第四节纺锤形。 本科在我国仅有纪录二种,一种是在台湾高雄发现的Metacanthus gibberosus Horvath,另一种是在甘肃发现的Metatropis denticollis Lindberg。现在在各地采集的标本中,又发现了13个种。其中包括十个新种和三个在我国的首次纪录。     

黑卵蜂属三新种(膜翅目:缘腹细蜂科)

本文记述黑卵蜂属Telenomus三新种,模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所。大竹岚黑卵蜂 Telenomus dazhulanensis,新种 体长1.10—1.20毫米。体黑色;触角1—2节为黄色,3—7节黄褐色,8—11节黑褐色;足黄色,但第5跗节为黄褐色。头宽于胸,其宽为长的3.3倍。触角(图4)11节,第1节以5.6倍长于宽,以3.5倍长于第2节;第2节以2倍长于宽,比第3节短1/5;第     

蔗根锯天牛发生和防治研究初报

<正> 蔗根锯天牛Dorysthenes(paraphus)granu-losus(Thomson)在广西南部、广东海南岛、云南弥勒县蔗区均发现为害。蔗蔸受害率一般为5—10％,重者30—40％。我们对它进行了初步研究,现简报如下。 一、形态特征 成虫 体长33—50毫米,棕红色,头及触角基部棕黑,头部前额中央凹陷,上颚发达,向内弯勾。下颚须末节最长,端部宽。触角基瘤宽大,彼此接近,12节。雌虫触角长达鞘翅中部,光滑无毛,第5—10节外端角突出;雄虫触角较长,第3—6节腹面散生粒状突。前胸背板中部稍隆起,具细密刻点,两侧缘有锯齿3枚。鞘翅宽于前胸,具纵隆线两条。     

山东苇田绒茧蜂属一新种(膜翅目:茧蜂科)

著者在整理微山湖苇田采集的寄生蜂标本时,发现绒茧蜂属Apanteles Foerster一新种。模式标本存湖南农学院昆虫学教研室标本室。 夹色绒茧蜂,新种Apantelss alternicolor sp. nov(图1-4) 雌 单眼座、触角鞭节、中胸小盾片后端及侧面光滑带、后小盾片、后胸侧板、并胸腹     

东方鱼虱的生活史

1.从非洲鲫鱼的鱼体上和对成熟卵囊的短期培养,获得了东方鱼虱的幼虫和成虫的各期标本,共发现无节幼体二期,桡足幼体一期,附着幼体五期,以后即为成虫期。 2.第一无节幼体有三对附肢和一对尾叉,三对附肢除第一对为单肢型外,其余均为双肢型。后期无节幼体身体增长,体内已孕育着下一期幼体的分节和一些附肢。 3.桡足幼体这期出现了变态,身体分节,可分头胸、胸、腹三部分,呈剑水蚤型。头胸部有下列几对附肢:第一触角、第二触角、大颚、第一小颚、第二小颚、第一颚足、第二颚足和第一对游泳足。胸部有三个自由胸节,前二节各着生一对附肢,即第二、三对游泳足。第一、二对游泳足为双肢型,第三对游泳足为一突起具1长1短二根刚毛。额丝盘曲在头胸部腹面前部。腹部一节,尾叉一对,尾刚毛5根。 4.附着幼体期,是虫体放出额丝营吸附生活的时期。头胸甲逐渐扩大,胸部的第一自由胸节,逐渐与头胸甲愈合,第二自由胸节逐渐缩小,第三自由胸节逐渐膨大成为生殖节。第四期附着幼体,即出现了雌雄性的区别。雄性的生殖器官要比雌性的成熟得早,第五期 附着幼体,雄性已成熟,而雌性尚未完全成熟,交配是在第五期附着幼体蜕皮后,这时的雌雄性,均可营寄生生活或作短期自由游泳。雌雄两性的主要区别,在第二触角、第二小颚、第二颚足、生     

荒漠昆虫光滑鳖甲（鞘翅目：拟步甲科：鳖甲族）的人工饲养方法

为了解决深入研究荒漠甲虫环境适应机制时所遇到的各发育阶段试虫材料短缺的问题,本文介绍了饲养拟步甲科鳖甲族昆虫光滑鳖甲Anatolicapolita Kaszab的有效方法。将早春季节在野外采集的成虫饲养在2L的塑料烧杯中,收集卵。用玻璃培养皿孵育卵;用改装的盛有沙土的矿泉水瓶单只饲养3龄以上幼虫,以防止幼虫自相残杀。为保持幼虫饲养瓶内的适当湿度,在瓶子底部加入72mL的水,再装入800g沙子,借助毛细现象,形成渐变式含水基质,在最上层的干沙表面加麦麸以饲养幼虫。如需观察计数,可将预蛹、蛹和初孵成虫置于玻璃培养皿中培养。采用此方法饲养的光滑鳖甲可顺利完成生活史,其卵的孵化率为68．67％±2．45％,1—2龄幼虫的存活率为82．95％±7．72％,3～9龄幼虫的存活率为73．80％±4．95％;预蛹、蛹和幼嫩成虫的存活率分别为84．68％±2．55％、88．45％±2．75％和90．56％±4．20％。该方法可以有效实现光滑鳖甲的室内饲养,并可用于其他一些沙栖拟步甲科昆虫的人工饲养。     

小胸鳖甲热激蛋白基因(Mphsp70)的克隆、序列分析及温度对其表达的影响

采用RACE-PCR技术,从荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Kaszab克隆hsp70基因全长cDNA序列,命名为Mphsp70。测序结果表明,序列全长2207bp,该序列覆盖了完整编码区,编码647个氨基酸,分子量大小为70.69ku,理论等电点为5.57(GenBank登录号JF421286.1)。此序列包含142bp的5'端非翻译区和124bp的含有多聚腺苷酸信号序列AATAAA和poly A尾的3'端非翻译区以及1941bp的开放阅读框。该基因无内含子,符合诱导型Hsp70的特征。经BLAST检索分析,由Mphsp70的核苷酸序列推定的氨基酸序列与已知的光滑鳖甲Hsp70高度同源,同源性高达97.22%。通过荧光定量RT-PCR技术研究昆虫受到高温胁迫时该基因的表达,结果表明:经37℃和42℃处理昆虫1h后诱导昆虫体内hsp70的表达,其表达量分别为对照组(25℃)的21.57倍和389.3倍,随着处理时间的延长,表达量降低。该研究结果为深入研究小胸鳖甲的抗逆机理提供了新的思路。     

Integrative taxonomy of New Caledonian beetles: species delimitation and definition of the Uloma isoceroides species group (Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae, Ulomini), with the description of four new species

New Caledonia is an important biodiversity hotspot with much undocumented biodiversity, especially in many insect groups. Here we used an integrative approach to explore species diversity in the tenebrionid genus Uloma (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Ulomini), which encompasses about 150 species, of which 22 are known from New Caledonia. To do so, we focused on a morphologically homogeneous group by comparing museum specimens with material collected during several recent field trips. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated matrix of four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes for 46 specimens. The morphological study allowed us to discover and describe four new species that belong to the group of interest, the Uloma isoceroides group. Molecular analyses confirmed the species boundaries of several of the previously described species and established the validity of the four new species. The phylogenetic analyses also provided additional information on the evolutionary history of the group, highlighting that a species that was thought to be unrelated to the group was in fact a member of the same evolutionary lineage. Molecular species delimitation confirmed the status of the sampled species of the group and also suggested some hidden (cryptic) biodiversity for at least two species of the group. Altogether this integrative taxonomic approach has allowed us to better define the boundaries of the Uloma isoceroides species group, which comprises at least 10 species: Uloma isoceroides (Fauvel, 1904), Uloma opacipennis (Fauvel, 1904), Uloma caledonica Kaszab, 1982, Uloma paniei Kaszab, 1982, Uloma monteithi Kaszab, 1986, Uloma robusta Kaszab, 1986, Uloma clamensae sp. n., Uloma condaminei sp. n., Uloma jourdani sp. n., and Uloma kergoati sp. n. We advocate more studies on other New Caledonian groups, as we expect that much undocumented biodiversity can be unveiled through the use of similar approaches.     

A preliminary survey of ultraviolet reflectance in beetles

Ultraviolet reflectance is a widely distributed phenomenon among certain families of Coleoptera. It is so far found to occur in Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, Buprestidae, Elateridae, Tenebrionidae, Cerambycidae, Anthribidae and Curculionidae. Of more than 100 species examined, 70 were found to possess UV reflectant structures. Reflection is almost always from pigments contained within microtrichia or other setae. In some Tenebrionidae and Buprestidae, dried secretions forming patches or stripes on the pronota and elytra are reflective and, in a few desert-living Tenebrionidae, reflectance is from subcuticular pigment in the elytra.     

藏东南莱甲属一新种记述(鞘翅目,拟步甲科,伪叶甲亚科)(英文)

记述中国西藏莱甲属LaenaDejean1新种Laenazhengisp nov.,提供了整体和阳茎的照片以及足、触角和肛节的线条图,模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。郑氏莱甲,新种Laena zhengisp.nov.(图1～9)新种与Laena hingstoniSchuster,1926(模式产地:西藏与锡金接壤的Jelap La)在外型上相似,两者的共同点是前胸背板基缘都有饰边,前胸背板盘区和鞘翅行间都有直立长毛,但前胸背板的形状不同;前者的中后足胫节端部内侧有细钩,后足胫节中部内侧有小刺,而后者没有这样的特征。正模♂,西藏墨脱县汗密,海拔2200m,2005-08-19,唐亮采。(原采集标签记录是:Hanmi Moto Coun.XizangA.R.alt.2200m,19-08-2005,TANG Liang leg.)。副模1♀,纪录同正模。词源学:新种种名以昆虫学家郑哲民教授的姓氏命名。     

The life cycle of a horsehair worm, Gordius robustus (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea)

Aspects of the life cycle of the nematomorph Gordius robustus were investigated. Gordius robustus larvae fed to Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) readily penetrated and subsequently encysted in the posterior portion of the midgut wall. Parasite development was then arrested in each infected beetle. Upon feeding these cysts to laboratory-reared Gryllus firmus, worm larvae developed to adults in the cricket hemocoel. In an additional experiment, G. robustus larvae fed to G. firmus did not develop to adults. These findings are in contrast to other studies that found direct infection to be an alternative mode of infection. This experiment is the first employing a laboratory-maintained stock of hosts to rear nematomorph worms.     

The elytra-to-body binding mechanism of the flightless rainforest species Tabarus montanus Kaszab (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidea)

The elytra-to-body binding mechanism of the flightless rainforest species Tabarus montanus Kaszab (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidea) is described. Previously, studies on this complex character system in tenebrionids have focused mostly on either fully-winged or flightless, desert-dwelling species with a hermetically sealed subelytral cavity. Data presented here show that the rainforest species Ta. montanus has permanently joined interlocking macrostructures between the two elytra along the midline and between the elytral epipleuron and the sides of the body. These are very similar adaptations to ones found in flightless desert tenebrionids. Frictional patches of microtrichia, previously reported in all wing-folding beetle suborders including flightless taxa, are completely absent in Ta. montanus. This constitutes the first report of the complete loss of frictional microtrichia patches in a beetle with fully-developed elytra. Sensory organs (hair sensilla), usually involved in the correct positioning of the elytra over the beetles’ body at rest are also absent in Ta. montanus. The significance of these results relating to the evolution of the tenebrionid subelytral cavity is discussed.     

Cavichia, a replacement generic name for Caragonia takiya, Cavichioli & Mejdalani (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Cavichia nom. nov. is proposed for Caragonia Takiya, Cavichioli & Mejdalani, 2003 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), preoccupied by Caragonia Gemminger & Harold, 1870 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).     

A programme of self-steered turns as a humidity response in Tenebrio, and the problem of categorizing spatial manoeuvres

ABSTRACT. Dry-acclimatized mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), were exposed to a rapid change from dry to moist air in an arena with vertical air flow providing spatially uniform humidity, thus precluding orientation along humidity gradients. Subsequent angles of turn were significantly clustered around 90 and 180, and took the beetles back into the region from which they had come. The possibility of geomagnetic orientation was ruled out experimentally and in the apparent absence of other external directional cues it is concluded that the turn sequences were idiothetically controlled and pre-programmed. This and other cases of 'longitudinal' klinotaxis are discussed in the wider context of kineses and taxes and the currently-questioned value of these categories.     

Faunistic knowledge and insect species loss in an urban area: the tenebrionid beetles of Rome

Journal of Insect Conservation - I used data on tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) accumulated in entomological collections from urban Rome to describe how faunistic knowledge developed...