河南食虫动物分布新纪录——川西缺齿鼩(Chodsigoa hypsibia de Winton,1899)

Insectivorous animal is the third mammalian group with greater species richness. However, the study of this group was very limited in Henan Province, China. In the current study, we identified 2 male shrews collected from Longyuwan area (33° 42' N, 111° 45' E) of Luanchuan, Henan Province, China using morphological characters and the results from molecular experiments. The trapped shrews were classified as Chodsigoa hypsibia de Winton, 1899, which was a new genus and species record of insectivorous animals in Henan Province, China. The specimens (ID: IBE2019082101, IBE20190822) were stored at the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University.     

安徽省兽类一属和种新纪录——侯氏猬

Two specimens of Mesechinus hughi were collected from Pingshan, Yi County, Huangshan (29°56'23"N, 117°58'48"E) and Xikou, Xuanzhou, Xuancheng (30°34'42"N, 118°41'47"E) in Anhui Province, in July and September 2018, respectively. Ears of the two specimens are similar, in length, to the surrounding spines. The two specimens have few wholly white spines, and most spines (>95%) have four sections; white constituting the basal two-thirds, followed by a black ring, narrow light ring, and black tip. These characters are similar to those of the specimens from the type locality (Baoji, Shaanxi Province). The P-distance of Cyt b between the population in Anhui and that of Shaanxi is from 4.9% to 5.3%, and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses support the two populations as monophyletic (BS = 95%). This was the first recorded distribution of Mesechinus in Anhui Province and Mesechinus hughi south of the Changjiang River.     

河北省北部苔藓植物区系与地理分布研究

基于作者近年来在河北省北部实地考察和采集的2000余号苔藓植物标本,经过研究鉴定,现已知河北省北部有苔藓植物270种(包括4变种、3变型),分别隶属于36科104属。其中,丛藓科为第一大科,含18属49种;紫萼藓属为第一大属,含17种。利用丰富度指数公式,并通过与我国其它9个山地的比较,可以看出河北省北部是苔藓植物物种多样性较为丰富的地区之一。河北省北部苔藓植物区系成分以北温带成分为主(占总种数的54.07%),其次是东亚成分(占总种数的14.81%)。各类温带成分共计227种,占总种数的84.07%,该植物区系具有明显的温带性质。运用主成分分析(PCA)的方法将河北省北部与我国其它12个山地苔藓植物区系所构成的区系谱进行了定量研究。结果表明:河北省北部与小五台山、内蒙古间苔藓植物区系关系最为密切,而与处于南亚热带的九万山关系最远。利用聚类分析的方法,并结合13个采集地的地理位置和不同的生态环境特点,将河北省北部苔藓植物区系划分为两个地带,即:张北高原苔藓植物地带和冀北山地苔藓植物地带。结合13个采集地苔藓植物种数所占总种数的百分比水平分布图,可以比较直观地看出河北省北部苔藓植物种数在纬向上由东向西逐渐减少,在经向上西北部种类较少、东南部种类较多的水平分布特点;通过苔藓生活型分析可以显示出张北坝上高原、冀西北间山盆地气候寒冷、干燥,顶蒴藓类占绝对优势;而承德坝上高原、冀北山地、燕山山地气候较温暖、湿润,侧蒴藓类所占百分比明显增多。这些与河北省北部苔藓植物区划地带是基本一致的。     

广东大瑶山维管植物区系的基本特征

广东大瑶山地处南岭山脉南部的中亚热带地区, 25°11'18"N, 113°13'02"E,有野生维管植物1411种(含变种),隶属于194科701属。其中蕨类植物132种,所占比例较大,表明植物区系起源古老。区系表征科与植被优势科为壳斗科、山茶科、樟科、木兰科、金缕梅科、桑科、紫金牛科、山矾科等,说明该地域是华夏植物区系的重要组成部分。种子植物属的分布区类型中泛热带分布占优势,同时热带、温带区系成分均有不同程度地侵入,区系成分复杂,充分体现出其原始古老的自然性与植物种类的多样性。     

最近12 000年来青藏高原植被的时空分布

青藏高原30个点湖泊的孢粉记录综合研究显示: 在进入全新世之前(12 ka BP以前),除最东南部外,高原从东到西均发育为荒漠草原植被.全新世早期(12.0-9.0 ka BP)高原东南部(104°-98° E)为落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林; 中部(98°-92° E)为草甸或灌丛草甸,再向西至80° E左右为草原植被; 全新世中期(9.0-3.2 ka BP)高原由东向西古植被依次发育为针阔混交林和硬叶阔叶林(104°-98° E)→针阔混交林(98°-94° E)→灌丛草甸(94°-92° E)→草原(92°-80° E);全新世晚期(3.2 ka BP以后)由东向西古植被依次为硬叶阔叶林→针阔混交林→草甸→草原→荒漠.     

ARRIVAL DATES OF THE GARDEN WARBLER SYLVIA BORIN IN CENTRAL NIGERIA

These observations were made at Vom (9° 50' N., 8° 50' E.), which lies on the central plateau of Nigeria at an altitude of about 4,000 feet, in the Guinea Savannah vegetational zone. The small residential area of Vom is round the periphery of the cone of an extinct volcano. The gardens have varying numbers of tall trees (mainly eucalyptus species) and ornamental shrubs. In the immediate vicinity is open grassland, with small forestry reserves and deep water-courses filled with varying amounts of dense bushy vegetation.     

利安德水鼩在中国地理分布范围的讨论与修订

利安德水鼩很长时间被认为是喜马拉雅水鼩的亚种，但近年来的研究发现利安德水鼩是进化关系上与日本水鼩更加接近的独立物种。而喜马拉雅水鼩一直被认为是分布区横跨古北界和东洋界广域分布的物种，但基于Cyt b基因序列测定和系统进化关系的构建，我们确定最近在四川、浙江和湖南等地采集的水鼩标本均为利安德水鼩。基于基因序列和对馆藏标本的比对，我们修订喜马拉雅水鼩和利安德水鼩在中国的分布。四川、湖北、湖南、陕西、贵州、广西、福建、台湾、浙江等地区都是利安德水鼩的分布区，而喜马拉雅水鼩在中国确定的分布区仅在云南。这一分布格局很可能是由于在地形地貌的影响下产生隔离分化的结果。     

New distribution limits of seagrass beds in West Africa

The southern limit of the distribution of seagrass species along the west coast of Africa is not yet clearly defined. In March 2008 an expedition was organized in Senegal to search for seagrass beds from Dakar (14°45'15" N, 17°30'31" W) southwards to Tabakouta–Delta du Saloum (13°46'59" N, 16°28'42" W). Cymodocea nodosa and Halodule wrightii were observed in sandy areas of some protected bays of Dakar, around Sarène (14°16'18" N, 16°54'17" W), Joal Fadiouth (14°09'08" N, 16°50'03" W) and the Bamboung–Sourou area (13°50'08" N, 16°33'09" W), and they probably occur all along the coast of Senegal and beyond, perhaps much further south as well.     

THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE WILLOW WARBLER PHYLLOSCOPUS TROCHILUS IN CONTINUOUS DAYLIGHT

Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus at Wytham, Oxford (51° 46' N., 1° 15' W.), start to sing around sunrise, in late April to early June. In the continuous daylight at Neiden, East Finnmark (69° 42' N., 29° 25' E.), they do not sing all the time, but in late June to late July start singing between 22.45 and 01.45 hrs., the start becoming progressively later as the season draws on. At Neiden, nest visits start some time after song (01.00–02.30), and this is probably also true at Wytham.
The influence of environmental variables on the starts of the two cycles is discussed. It is concluded that song starts at Wytham when light intensity has risen above a certain threshold level, and at Neiden, when it has reached a minimum value or has started to rise again. It is suggested that the Neiden birds react to the closest approximation of their light intensity cycle to that at dawn further south. The end of daily song at Neiden may be controlled by internal factors. It is suggested that the start of the Neiden nest-visit cycle is controlled by light intensity, but modified by temperature effects. The possibility that the environment affects the bird indirectly, via its brood or food, can be ruled out. The functional significance of the retention of activity lulls in the continuous daylight of the Arctic summer is discussed.
The daily song-starts of the Garden Warbler Sylvia borin , Brambling Fringilla montifringilla , and Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella , follow the same pattern as those of the Willow Warbler. The Redwing Turdus musicus often has no daily song lull; its nest-visit lull begins and ends well before midnight. The significance of this is discussed.     

思茅松定名质疑

本文从形态差异、地理分布及森林遗传等方面分析了思茅松、卡西松和朗边松之间的关系,认为思茅松就是卡西松(Pinus kesiga Royle ex Gord.)而不是朗边松(Pinus kesiga Roylc ex Gord var.langbianensis (A.Chev.)Gaussen)。     

梵净山自然保护区蕨类植物区系

梵净山属武陵山脉主峰,位于贵州省东北部,东经108°45′55″—108°48′30″,北纬27°49′50″—28°1′30″,海拔500—2493.4米,面积约600平方公里,其蕨类植物区系组成共39科83属182种。在区系结构}二表现出下列几个一般的特征:(1)种系密度大,成分多样1(2)温带性质,是泛北极区系的一部分,与热带地区有一定的亲缘联系;(3)特有现象明显;(4)是东南亚成分(含中国一喜马拉雅和中国—日本成分)分布中心的一部分:是中国—喜马拉雅和中国一日本成分交汇中心的一部分;(5)属内种系贫乏;(6)与华东地区的关系密切。     

山西吕梁地区湿地植被数量分类研究

吕梁地区地处黄土高原东部,湿地植被主要分布于三川河、湫水河和文峪河流域及文峪河水库与吴城水库等。在野外调查的基础上,本文用TWINSPAN对吕梁地区湿地植被进行了分类,结果将吕梁湿地分为芦苇节节草群落、水蓼群落、虎尾草群落、假苇拂子茅群落、猪毛蒿群落、野苜蓿群落、苔草野苜蓿群落、赖草群落、苔草群落、猪毛蒿黄花蒿群落和虎尾草柳叶蒿群落。此外,还讨论了湿地植被的动态以及与水分的关系,提出了对吕梁地区湿地植被的保护利用对策。     

Areas of endemism and patterns of diversity for aphids of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas

Aim  The study aimed to identify areas of endemism for aphids in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas (QTPH), and to test congruence between patterns of endemism and patterns of overall species richness identified in a previous study.
Location  The QTPH.
Methods  A distribution data base of 326 endemic aphids in the QTPH was compiled. The study area was divided into a grid of 2°× 2° operative geographical units. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was used to identify areas of endemism, and the diversity patterns of endemic species were then mapped using GIS.
Results  We identified 326 endemic species belonging to 138 genera within Adelgidae and 14 subfamilies of Aphididae. Five areas of endemism were found using PAE analysis: the eastern Himalayas, the western Himalayas, north-western Yunnan, southern Tibet and the eastern QTPH. Maps of patterns of endemism identified four major centres for endemic aphids, namely the western Himalayas, the eastern Himalayas (or Sikkim-Assam Himalayas), north-western Hengduan Mountains and the mountains of southern Gansu Province, and three minor centres, southern Tibet, south-eastern Tibet and the eastern Qinghai Province in the north-eastern QTPH.
Main conclusions  Our study identifies major centres of aphid endemism. Furthermore, there is a noticeable congruence between patterns of endemism and patterns of species richness. The patterns of endemism were most likely influenced by the recent uplift of the QTPH.     

THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF FISH IN LOW TENSIONS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN

The resistance to low tensions of dissolved oxygen over periods ranging from less than a day to a week was determined for rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdnerii Richardson), perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.), roach ( Rutilus rutilus (L.)), and mirror carp, a domestic form of the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) at 10°, 16° and 20°C., tench ( Tinea tinea (L.)) at 10° and 16°C., dace ( Leuciscus leuciscus (L.)) at 16° and 20°C., chub ( Squalius cephalus (L.)) at 20°C., and bleak ( Alburnus alburnus (L.)) at 16°C.
At each temperature period of survival decreased with fall in oxygen tension.
Rise in temperature between 10° and 20°C. reduced resistance to lack of oxygen of all species except rainbow trout, in which there was no significant difference between resistance at 16° and 20°C. Rise in temperature between 10° and 16°C. did, however, lower resistance considerably.
Tench were the most resistant to lack of oxygen and, in general, trout were the most susceptible. At 20°C. mirror carp required a higher tension of oxygen to enable them to survive for a week than did rainbow trout, but for shorter periods could withstand much lower tensions than rainbow trout; at 10° and 16°C. their resistance was intermediate between that of tench and rainbow trout.     

The effect of climatic gradients, topographic variation and species traits on the beta diversity of rain forest trees

Aim  We assessed the rates of turnover of tree species with distance (beta diversity) in wet forests of the Western Ghats (WG) complex of India to see whether climate, topographic variation or species traits influence beta diversity.
Location  The Western Ghats is a chain of mountains about 1600 km in length, running parallel to the western coast of the Indian Peninsula from above 8° N to almost 21° N latitude.
Methods  We used data from 60 small plot inventories concentrated in three regions: the southernmost part of the Western Ghats (SWG) (8°24' to 9°37' N), the Nilgiri Hills (11°12' to 11°14' N), and the central Western Ghats (CWG) (12°32' to 14°51' N). We used Sorensen's index (SI) to estimate the similarity in species composition between two plots and regressed SI against the logarithm of the distance between plots to assess beta diversity. A bootstrapping procedure provided confidence intervals for regression coefficients. To test for the effects of climate, we regressed seasonality differences between plots against SI for low-elevation (< 800 m) plots along the north–south axis, and all plots in the SWG. We assessed the impact of the rainfall gradient in the Kogar region.
Results  Among all three regions, beta diversity was highest along the latitudinal axis, and along the rainfall gradient in the Kogar region. Differences in seasonality between sites were strongly related to beta diversity along the north–south seasonality gradient and within the SWG. Within the three regions, beta diversity was highest in the region with the strongest rainfall gradient and lowest for the topographically heterogeneous SWG. Beta diversity did not differ between forest strata and dispersal modes.
Main conclusions  We conclude that climate, particularly seasonality, is probably the primary driver of beta diversity among rain forest trees of the Western Ghats complex.     

山西历山种子植物区系研究

历山位于中条山山脉的东段,有种子植物966种,隶属于490属123科。种子植物属种区系成分复杂多样,以温带成分占优势(温带属290属,占总属数的66.36%;温带种504种,占总种数的53.22%)。对科属种区系成分和植被建群种和优势种组成的分析表明,历山具有典型的暖温带落叶阔叶林的特征。应用PCA排序和多样性指数对历山及部分山地植物属的区系地理成分进行了比较研究,结果表明,历山的植物区系成份与太白山、太岳山和泰山较为相似,而与关帝山、芦芽山和长白山有明显差异。     

广东省蝙蝠新纪录——大黑伏翼

<正>广东南岭地区蝙蝠多样性较为丰富,2000年后发表的9种广东蝙蝠新纪录中即有5种采集于南岭(吴毅等,2001,2005;张燕均等,2010;周全等,2011,2012;陈毅等,2013)。2013年7月21日,我们在保护区动物资源调查过程中,于广东南岭国家级自然保护区八宝山保护站(北纬24°55'43.4″,东经113°0'57.0″,海拔1 000 m)附近的路上夜晚挂网捕捉到一批蝙蝠     

Rare occurrence of a bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus in British waters, with notes on other occurrences of sub-tropical tunas

A freshly dead bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus was washed ashore near Burry Port, Wales (51°40' N; 4°15' W) in August, 2006. This is only the third occasion that the species has been observed in British waters, and is the largest and most northerly recorded specimen.     

From the mountains to the sea: assemblage structure and dynamics in Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) in the Clyde River estuarine gradient, New South Wales, south-eastern Australia

Abstract  Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera: non-biting midges) were surveyed at five shallow riffle stations along the estuarine gradient of the Clyde River, southern New South Wales (35°45'S, 150°15'E). Benthic populations were sampled seasonally between April 2001 and January 2002, between an uppermost fully fresh station and 7 km south of the tidal limit at Shallow Crossing, encompassing a 23 km stretch. Biological structure and integrity of chironomid assemblages, which are essentially unknown in eastern Australia's estuarine environments, were elucidated. Assemblages were diverse: from 5732 chironomid larvae, 45 species belonging to four subfamilies were identified from riffles. All chironomid assemblages were strongly structured and non-random with respect to spatial position along the salinity gradient although relatively random with respect to temporal shifts between the five seasonal samples. Generally, the salinity gradient had strong effects on assemblage composition but no discrete brackish fauna was identifiable, and the abundance of many species declined gradually with distance from the freshest station. Dominant taxa in the brackish zone were Parakiefferiella ' variegatus ' and two species of Cladotanytarsus . Notably, the little-known Semiocladius crassipennis Skuse (Orthocladiinae) was abundant at the most marine-influenced station. Taxa present exclusively in freshwaters included several Tanypodinae notably absent from sites below Shallow Crossing at salinities normally tolerated in athalassic waters. Other species restricted to freshwaters included Nanocladius sp., Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) sp., Polypedilum vespertinus (Skuse), Zavrelliella fuscoguttata (Kieffer), Riethia stictoptera (Kieffer) and Podonomopsis sp.