Nitrous oxide emissions from red clover and winter wheat residues depend on interacting effects of distribution,soil N availability and moisture level

Plant and Soil - The effects of residue type and distribution, soil moisture and NO3? availability were investigated in 43 days laboratory incubations (15 °C) on...     

Melatonin modulates proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells through caspase-3 activation and changes in cyclin A and D expression

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - In this study, the effects of melatonin (1 μM–1 mM) on pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) have been examined. Cell viability and...     

Controlling methane and hydrogen production from cheese whey in an EGSB reactor by changing the HRT

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - This study assessed the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT; 8 h–0.25 h) on simultaneous hydrogen and methane production from...     

The effect of salinity on the grazing rate and survival of Daphnia magna females adapted to different salinities

Aquatic Ecology - The cladoceran Daphnia magna inhabits lakes with salinities up to 10 g L?1. We compared the effects of different salinities (up to 9 g L?1) on the...     

Modification of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes by 24-Epibrassinolide in Chickpea Seedlings Under Mercury (Hg) Toxicity

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL, 10−6 M) on mitigation of mercury (Hg, 15 μM and 30 μM HgCl2) toxicity on growth,...     

A novel property of hexokinase inhibition by Favipiravir and proposed advantages over Molnupiravir and 2 Deoxy d glucose in treating COVID-19

Biotechnology Letters - In the wake of SARS-CoV-2’s global spread, human activities from health to social...     

Microbial diversity and composition in different gut locations of hyperlipidemic mice receiving krill oil

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Low-dose (LD, 100 mg kg−1 day−1), moderate-dose (MD, 200 mg kg−1 day−1), and...     

Genetic control of wheat quality: interactions between chromosomal regions determining protein content and composition, dough rheology, and sponge and dough baking properties

While the genetic control of wheat processing characteristics such as dough rheology is well understood, limited information is available concerning the genetic control of baking parameters, particularly sponge and dough (S&D) baking. In this study, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed using a population of doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Australian cultivars Kukri × Janz grown at sites across different Australian wheat production zones (Queensland in 2001 and 2002 and Southern and Northern New South Wales in 2003) in order to examine the genetic control of protein content, protein expression, dough rheology and sponge and dough baking performance. The study highlighted the inconsistent genetic control of protein content across the test sites, with only two loci (3A and 7A) showing QTL at three of the five sites. Dough rheology QTL were highly consistent across the 5 sites, with major effects associated with the Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. The Glu-D1 5 + 10 allele had consistent effects on S&D properties across sites; however, there was no evidence for a positive effect of the high dough strength Glu-B1-al allele at Glu-B1. A second locus on 5D had positive effects on S&D baking at three of five sites. This study demonstrated that dough rheology measurements were poor predictors of S&D quality. In the absence of robust predictive tests, high heritability values for S&D demonstrate that direct selection is the current best option for achieving genetic gain in this product category. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Effect of tryptophan and of glucose on exercise capacity of horses

We hypothesized that central fatigue may have a role in limitingthe endurance capacity of horses. Therefore, we tested the effect ofinfusing tryptophan and/or glucose on endurance time and plasmaconcentrations of free tryptophan and other substrates thought toaffect tryptophan uptake into the brain of seven mares (3-4 yr ofage, 353-435 kg) that ran on a treadmill at 50% of maximalO₂ consumption to fatigue. Withuse of a counterbalanced crossover design, the horses were infused withtryptophan (100 mg/kg in saline solution) or a similar volume of salinesolution (placebo) before exercise. During exercise, horses receivedinfusions of glucose (2 g/min, 50% wt/vol) or a similar volume ofsaline. Thus the treatments were 1)tryptophan and glucose (T & G), 2) tryptophan and placebo (T & P), 3)placebo and glucose (P & G), and 4)placebo and placebo (P & P). Mean heart rate, hematocrit, andconcentration of plasma total solids before and during exercise weresimilar for all trials. Mean time to exhaustion was reduced (P < 0.05) for T & P and T & Gcompared with P & P [86.1 ± 6.9 and 87.1 ± 6.8 vs. 102.3 ± 10.3 (SE) min], whereas endurance for P & G(122.4 ± 11.9 min) was greater than for all other trials (P < 0.05). Compared withnontryptophan trials, during the tryptophan trials plasma prolactinincreased (P < 0.05) nearlythreefold before exercise and almost twofold early in exercise. Muscleglycogen concentrations were reduced(P < 0.05) below preexercise values in the P & G and P & P trials only. However, glucose infusions (P & G)did not affect (P > 0.05)concentrations of plasma free fatty acids or ratios of branched-chainamino acids to free tryptophan. In conclusion, tryptophan infusionreduced endurance time, which was consistent with the central fatiguehypothesis. The failure of glucose infusion to alleviate the effects oftryptophan and the absence of significant muscle glycogen reduction inthe tryptophan trials suggest that the early onset of fatigue in thetryptophan trials is not due to a lack of readily available substrate.

     

Method for Primary Screening of Pharmaceuticals on the Paramecium caudatum Eukaryotic Cell Model

Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics - The&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of &nbsp;adrenaline&nbsp; in &nbsp;various &nbsp;concentrations &nbsp;and&nbsp; dopamine &nbsp;at...     

Quantitative analysis of multiple forest disturbances and their compound influences on tree growth in the western U.S.

As the frequencies of extreme weather increase, forest ecosystems experience stronger influences from various disturbances. Previous research focuses on single disturbances or qualitative analysis of overlaid effects from two disturbances. Studies rarely explored the interactions between three or more disturbances, especially mechanisms behind the multiple disturbances. Our study covered four states (Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah) in the U.S. which shared similar climate patterns and vegetation distributions. We collected 241 chronologies from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) and our own field expeditions. We assigned each tree ring to eight possible disturbance combinations. From the correlations between tree indices and climate (monthly temperature and total precipitation), the radial growth of tree rings showed a significant positive correlation with summer precipitation and a negative correlation with summer temperature. With three-factor ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, we ranked the impacts of each disturbance and combination of disturbances on tree growth based on tree-ring index; control (1.038) > insect (1.029) > fire (1.008) > fire & insect (0.963) > drought & insect (0.918) > drought (0.890) > drought, fire & insect (0.803) > drought & fire (0.784). We found that in most cases, the combined impact from two disturbances was larger than the impacts from single disturbances with the inclusion-exclusion principle. This research quantitatively revealed the interactions between disturbances and evaluated the effects from a combination of multiple disturbances.     

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Reduces Trichophyton rubrum Adherence and Infection Capacity

Mycopathologia - This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP)&nbsp;jet on Trichophyton rubrum growth, germination and adherence to nail. The effects of...     

Identification of Hybrids between the Far Eastern Redfins Tribolodon hakonensis and T. brandtii Based on the Cephalic Lateral-Line System and Four Molecular Genetic Markers

Journal of Ichthyology - Three species of the genus Tribolodon (T.&nbsp;hakonensis, T.&nbsp;brandtii, and T.&nbsp;sachalinensis) and hybrids between T.&nbsp;hakonensis and...     

Dietary Application of the Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 426951 Enhances Immune Status and Growth of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Vaccinated Against Yersinia ruckeri

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - This study was aimed to assess the effect of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum (2&nbsp;×&nbsp;107&nbsp;CFU&nbsp;g−1...     

Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. I.Comparing multicompartment body composition models

Roemmich, James N., Pamela A. Clark, Arthur Weltman, andAlan D. Rogol. Alterations in growth and body composition duringpuberty. I. Comparing multicompartment body composition models.J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 927-935, 1997.A four-compartment (4C) model of body composition was used as acriterion to determine the accuracy of three-compartment (3C) andtwo-compartment (2C) models to estimate percent body fat (%BF) inprepubertal and pubertal boys (genital I & II,n = 17; genital III & IV,n = 7) and girls (breast I & II, n = 8; breast III & IV,n = 15). The 3C water-density (3C-H₂O) and 3C mineral-densitymodels, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the Lohman age-adjustedequations, the Slaughter et al. skinfold equations, and the Houtkooperet al. and Boileau bioelectrical impedance equations wereevaluated. Agreement with the 4C model increased with thenumber of compartments (i.e., body water, bone mineral) measured.Except for the 3C-H₂O model, thelimits of agreement were large and did not perform well forindividuals. The mean %BF by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (23.6%)was greater than that of the criterion 4C method (21.7%).For the field methods, the Slaughter et al. skinfold equationsperformed better than did the Houtkooper et al. and Boileaubioimpedance equations. The hydration of the fat-free mass decreased(genital I & II = 75.7%, genital III & IV = 74.8%, breast I & II = 75.5%, breast III & IV = 74.4%) and the mineral content increased(genital I & II = 4.9%, genital III & IV = 5.0%, breast I & II = 5.1%, breast III & IV = 5.7%) with maturation. The densityof the fat-free mass also increased (genital I & II = 1.084 g/ml,genital III & IV = 1.087 g/ml, breast I & II = 1.086 g/ml, breast III & IV = 1.091 g/ml) with maturation. All of the models reduced the %BF overprediction of the Siri 2C model, but only the 4C and3C-H₂O models should be used ascriterion methods for body composition validation in children andadolescents.

     

Gene expressing analysis indicates the role of Pyrogallol as a novel antibiofilm and antivirulence agent against Acinetobacter baumannii

Archives of Microbiology - Acinetobacter baumannii&nbsp;has emerged worldwide as a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Although&nbsp;A. baumannii&nbsp;was initially regarded...     

Genome-Wide Identification of the TCP Transcription Factor Family in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Their Transcriptional Responses to Dehydration and Exogenous Abscisic Acid Treatments

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is regarded as&nbsp;one of the&nbsp;important grain&nbsp;legumes of the Fabaceae family and being consumed in many...     

Structural features influential to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-solvent-based pretreated pinewood and elmwood for ethanol production

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - Dissolution of lignocelluloses in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO or NMO)&nbsp;at moderate conditions, e.g., 120&nbsp;°C for 3&nbsp;h under...     

Distribution of sulfonamides in liquid and solid anaerobic digestates: effects of hydraulic retention time and swine manure to rice straw ratio

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - The effects of hydraulic retention time (20 and 15&nbsp;days) and swine manure to rice straw ratios on distribution of sulfonamides (SAs) in liquid and...     

Effects of Fallopia multiflora–Andrographis paniculata intercropping model on yield,quality, soil nutrition and rhizosphere microorganisms of F. multiflora

Plant and Soil - We aimed to explore the effects of Fallopia multiflora–Andrographis paniculata intercropping&nbsp;model on yield, quality, soil nutrition and rhizosphere microorganisms...