我院加强科研管理工作的实践与体会

分析了医院科研管理中存在的主要问题,从科研管理人员管理创新、健全科研经费管理制度、创新人才培养机制、完善科研激励机制入手,加强医院科研管理工作,提高了医院的科研水平。     

民办高校科研导师制的探索、实践与成效

大学生创新能力的培养是高等教育的重要内容之一.我院开展了基于大学生科技创新项目的科研导师制,以培养学生的创新实践能力和科研的"工匠精神",并帮助学生进行学业规划.科研导师还将项目成果转化为教学案例引入课堂,扩大受益面.科研导师制的实施得到了学生的普遍认可,人才培养质量明显提高.本文还探讨了科研导师制实施中需要关注的问题...     

Marine scientific research and marine pollution in China

Abstract

In recent years coastal states everywhere in the world have paid attention to the preservation of the marine environment and the conduct of marine scientific research. The scope and nature of China's marine scientific research have been expanded and diversified since the late 1970s because of the growing importance of the ocean for the “Four Modernization “ programs. More and more programs have been designed and executed to find fishing resources, search for offshore oil and gas, promote maritime defense, help alleviate the marine pollution problems, reinforce China's territorial claim in the South China Sea, participate in Antarctic scientific research, and to better understand the whole marine environment. This article first examines China's attitude toward the legal regimes of marine pollution and marine scientific research. It depicts China's marine scientific research activities from the early 1950s. Finally it suggests that more scientific research programs will be designed in support of China's ocean development plans in the future.     

在遗传学课堂教学中培养本科生科研素质

课堂是本科教学的主要场地,充分利用课堂教学培养本科生的科研素质,是一个值得思考的教改问题。本文从系统架构课程内容体系、教学内容反映科研进展、知识点的讲解反映其科研活动、用PPT动画讲解科学原理和实验过程、用双语教学提高专业英语阅读能力、考试考察学生的科研分析能力6个方面介绍了作者多年来在遗传学课堂教学中培养学生科研素质的教改措施与实践经验。这些改革措施有利于激发本科生的学习积极性,培养本科生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的科学思维能力,提高本科生的科技英语阅读能力和文献查阅能力,为本科生进入科研领域奠定了良好的基础。     

The success of scientific support for biodiversity conservation policy: The case of Ngoc Son Ngo Luong nature reserve in Vietnam

The successful transfer of scientific knowledge is an increasingly important activity for addressing complex problems of biodiversity conservation. This study used the Research-Integration-Utilization model of scientific knowledge transfer to analyze the research, integration, and utilization activities in the establishment process of Ngoc Son Ngo Luong Nature Reserve in northern Vietnam. The results found successes and failures of scientific support for Vietnam’s biodiversity conservation policy. High-quality scientific solutions of the Limestone Landscape: Improving Negotiation for Conservation Project were not utilized by stakeholders due to those solutions’ weak integration. Weak research conducted by the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Vietnam was transferred through professional integration, which thereby achieved some successes in utilization. The results suggest three options to strengthen scientific support of policy: (1) need for professional integration, (2) improvement of the local scientific basis, and (3) need for improved communication between research and practice.     

Can small institutes address some problems facing biomedical researchers?

At a time of historically low National Institutes of Health funding rates and many problems with the conduct of research (unfunded mandates, disgruntled reviewers, and rampant paranoia), there is a concern that biomedical research as a profession is waning in the United States (see ”Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws” by Alberts and colleagues in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences). However, it is wonderful to discover something new and to tackle tough puzzles. If we could focus more of our effort on discussing scientific problems and doing research, then we could be more productive and perhaps happier. One potential solution is to focus efforts on small thematic institutes in the university structure that can provide a stimulating and supportive environment for innovation and exploration. With an open-lab concept, there are economies of scale that can diminish paperwork and costs, while providing greater access to state-of-the-art equipment. Merging multiple disciplines around a common theme can catalyze innovation, and this enables individuals to develop new concepts without giving up the credit they deserve, because it is usually clear who did the work. Small institutes do not solve larger systemic problems but rather enable collective efforts to address the noisome aspects of the system and foster an innovative community effort to address scientific problems.     

环境微生物学综合性实验教学改革

目前环境微生物学实验教学还存在学生的实验技能锻炼少、实验与科研训练脱节、有价值的学生实验被忽视等缺点,亟需对此进行改革。本文在分析环境微生物学实验教学的现状及主要问题的基础上,提出了以科研创新项目为基础设计综合性实验,以教学实验结果转化为科研前期成果的改革思路,重点探讨了针对环境微生物学科研实训性实验教学改革的具体方向和措施,以提高学生的实验操作技能,促进学生创新能力的培养。     

环糊精糖基转移酶产物专一性改造：难题与挑战

生产环糊精所必需的环糊精糖基转移酶与其产物专一性进化研究已经成为当今的研究热点。这项研究中的进展不仅会使环糊精糖基转移酶的应用取得突破结果,还会对其它酶的改造提供帮助。目前,人们对这类酶的性质已经有了较为深入的认识,但还存在着一些尚未解决的问题,如酶产物专一性的决定因素尚未系统阐明等。通过对环糊精糖基转移酶各个方面,尤其是其产物专一性进化方面研究的回顾,指出并分析了研究中尚未解决的问题,并对将来这一研究领域的前景进行了展望。     

环糊精糖基转移酶产物专一性改造：难题与挑战

生产环糊精所必需的环糊精糖基转移酶与其产物专一性进化研究已经成为当今的研究热点。这项研究中的进展不仅会使环糊精糖基转移酶的应用取得突破结果,还会对其它酶的改造提供帮助。目前,人们对这类酶的性质已经有了较为深入的认识,但还存在着一些尚未解决的问题,如酶产物专一性的决定因素尚未系统阐明等。通过对环糊精糖基转移酶各个方面,尤其是其产物专一性进化方面研究的回顾,指出并分析了研究中尚未解决的问题,并对将来这一研究领域的前景进行了展望。     

Why most published research findings are false

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientific field. In this framework, a research finding is less likely to be true when the studies conducted in a field are smaller; when effect sizes are smaller; when there is a greater number and lesser preselection of tested relationships; where there is greater flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes; when there is greater financial and other interest and prejudice; and when more teams are involved in a scientific field in chase of statistical significance. Simulations show that for most study designs and settings, it is more likely for a research claim to be false than true. Moreover, for many current scientific fields, claimed research findings may often be simply accurate measures of the prevailing bias. In this essay, I discuss the implications of these problems for the conduct and interpretation of research.     

我国灾难医学科研管理中科学问题的思考和建议

针对灾难医学的研究特点,结合国内外有关灾难医学救治的研究资料,梳理灾难医学的主要研究方向,同时通过总结分析现有灾难医学科研管理的策略、具体做法及其问题,提出适合我国现状的灾难医学科研管理的建议。     

High-priority research directions in genetics and the breeding of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in the 21st century

High-priority research directions for the genetics and breeding of the sugar beet in the 21st century were developed with consideration of the available scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scholars. These directions unite the classical and molecular approaches to solving the problems of increasing the effectiveness of sugar beet breeding carried out on a genetic basis, and they correspond to the contemporary level of scientific research. Seven such directions are proposed.     

Aquaculture in the People’s Republic of China and in Russia: Research centers on pathology of fish and other objects

Chinese and Russian scientific literature is reviewed, research centers studying pathology of fish and of other aquatic organisms are pointed out. Comparative analysis of scientific problems and of objects of the laboratories and institutes of Russian and China is made. Our original data are presented on the rapid method of early diagnosis of fish diseases.     

Unconventional allies: interdisciplinary approaches to science policy and funding

Scientific research is an often misunderstood, undervalued and yet essential activity. Many nonscientists think that research is quick and easy, and that science is a compilation of established facts rather than rigorous conclusions based on available evidence. In addition, many nonscientists, and perhaps many scientists as well, forget that our social and financial investment is small relative to the massive and expensive problems that we all want scientific research to solve. Using biomedical research in the United States as an example, I will argue that countering this underinvestment in science will require broadening perspectives in the scientific community as well as coupling expanded individual advocacy and education efforts to an interdisciplinary advocacy approach. This approach is in many ways analogous to the unique solutions that emerge when scientists working in different disciplines leave their intellectual silos and work together.     

Memory enhancement: the progress and our fears

In a recent article Rose (2002) raises numerous crucial issues with regard to the research into and the use of cognition or memory enhancing agents. Although development of 'smart' drugs is in its infancy, his paper delineates some issues society may have to face when these drugs arrive. Questions about the development of such drugs may be interesting to several readers of Genes Brain and Behavior given the wealth of information expected to be gained on brain function from studies using genetic approaches including mutagenesis, transgenic techniques and genomics in general. Besides the scientific questions, several ethical issues may need to be addressed that are of interest to us all. Rose (2002 ) discusses some of these questions, but perhaps presents a too negative view on the problems, especially with regard to the present and future of memory research. This paper is intended to focus mainly on the scientific questions and argues that our fear of complex ethical problems should not make us throw the baby (i.e., our research and discoveries) out with the bath water.     

医学生科研创新能力培养“3+X”模式的探索与实践

针对长期以来培养医学生的科研创新能力主要依靠零散的课外科研活动、受众面窄、没有系统性课程教学及其相关制度保障、致使对医学生科研创新能力培养明显乏力低效这一共性瓶颈教学问题,自2002年起,汕头大学医学院生物化学与分子生物学教学团队,在“科教相辅相佐”、“以学生为中心”、“以问题为导向”等先进教育理念指导下,倚重汕头大学医学院“医者之心”系列课程与书院育人文化之特色,发挥汕头大学的生物学、基础医学和临床医学一级学科均拥有本/硕/博/博后完整人才培养体系之优势,联合其他相关专业教学团队,在建立充分体现医学生科研创新能力培养内涵,覆盖医学本科5年全过程的核心课程体系的基础之上,历经20载的不懈努力,补充修善,成功构建了“3+X”模式,着力培养医学生的科研创新能力。所谓“3”意指对医学生的“全人培养”、“全程培养”和“全方位培养”。所谓“X”意指针对“3+X”模式运行效能的若干个验证性维度,主要包括组织医学生参加各种形式的全国大学生创新实验研究大赛、国际大学生学术研讨会,由医学本科生作为第一作者撰写发表学术论文等。培养医学生科研创新能力的成效十分显著,为有效解决上述共性瓶颈教学问题提供了一个有重要借鉴价值的范例。     

浅议专升本中图书馆藏书建设存在的问题与对策

根据国家教委对专科学校升本科的评估要求,对专升本过程中图书馆藏书建设中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。使升本后的图书馆,在教学科研中能更好的发挥信息保障作用。     

When things go wrong: correcting the scientific record

A reliable scientific literature is crucial for an efficient research process. Peer review remains a highly successful quality assurance mechanism, but it does not always prevent data and image aberrations and the publication of flawed data. Journals need to be in a position to detect such problems and take proportionate action. Publishers should apply consistent policies to correcting the published literature and adopt versioning. The scientific community ought to encourage corrections.     

医学院校培养本科生科研创新能力的认识与思考

科研能力是科学素质的核心,是运用已有的知识和科学方法去探索新的知识和方法,解决新的问题,并在这个过程中形成创新思维的能力。科学技术的创新是医学事业发展的阶梯,科技引领着医学探究生命的本质,通过对各种疾病的根源、机制、发生、后果进行研究,找到预防和治疗疾病的最佳途径,为人类解除疾病带来的痛苦。医学科技创新使医学得到快速发展的同时,为社会培养了高水平、高素质的医学人才。然而,我国的高等教育体制普遍注重教育方法的革新,而忽视学生综合素质和创新能力的培养。特别是医学高等院校,本科生的教育教学工作没有重视与科研相结合。随着高等教育体制改革的不断深入与现代科学技术的迅速发展,本科生的科研创新能力亟待进一步提高。本科生科研能力的培养已经成为当前高等教育改革的一个重要目标。本文针对医学院校本科生培养创新能力的重要性和必要性进行探讨,为医学教育的发展提供参考的资料。     

组织工程面临的技术挑战与发展趋势

当前组织工程研究仍处于初级阶段,还仅仅是初步应用组织工程技术修复临床简单组织缺损,还有许多制约组织工程应用与发展的基本科学问题没有阐明.随着组织工程各个层面技术难题的逐个攻破,组织工程的内涵和外延将不断拓展,并有助于加快组织工程的产业化进程,促进临床应用.针对组织工程核心要素研究的不足,结合最新的组织工程研究进展,阐述...