抓住机遇,迎接挑战 维系我国环境微生物事业健康有序发展—“第十四次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会”专刊序言

"第十四次全国环境微生物学术研讨会暨简浩然先生诞辰100周年纪念"于2011年11月25 28日在福建厦门隆重召开,本次会议围绕"环境微生物与生态保护"的主题,在环境微生物学研究前沿、微生物资源发掘与应用、节能减排、循环经济、污染环境生物修复与环境保护工程等诸多领域阐述了最新研究进展并展开了深入的研讨。为了展现国内环境微生物及相关交叉领域科研工作者取得的最新进展,《微生物学通报》针对"第十四次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会"组织出版了这期"环境微生物专刊",期望该专刊的出版有助于促进我国环境微生物学相关领域的交流与发展。     

快速发展的我国环境微生物学——“第十一次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会”专刊序言

2008年11月“第十一次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会”在江苏无锡顺利召开, 这次大会充分反映了我国环境微生物学界取得的最新进展。为了展现我国环境微生物学工作者取得的新成果,《微生物学通报》在08年“环境微生物专刊”的基础上, 针对“第十一次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会”组织出版了新一期专刊, 期望该专刊的出版能进一步推动我国环境微生物学相关领域的交流和发展。     

我国环境微生物学发展现状与面临的挑战—“第十三次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会”专刊序言

第十三次全国环境微生物学术研讨会于2010年11月在南京大学顺利召开,本次会议围绕"环境微生物与社会发展"的主题,在环境微生物学研究前沿、环境微生物与节能减排、环境微生物与气候变化、环境微生物资源发掘与应用、环境保护工程、污染环境生物修复、蓝藻水华衍生污染物与生态风险等诸多领域阐述了最新研究进展并展开了深入的研讨。为了展现国内环境微生物及相关交叉领域科研工作者取得的最新进展,《微生物学通报》针对"第十三次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会"组织出版了这期"环境微生物专刊",期望该专刊的出版有助于促进我国环境微生物学相关领域的交流与发展。     

快速发展中的环境微生物科学与技术—“第十二次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会”专刊序言

第十二次全国环境微生物学术研讨会于2009年11月在武汉华中科技大学顺利召开,本次会议围绕"环境微生物与人类健康"的主题,在环境微生物学前沿、微生物与环境健康及人类健康、环境微生物资源挖掘与利用,以及环境微生物技术与环境污染防治、生态修复、废弃物资源化利用和再生能源等诸多领域展开深入研讨,充分反映了我国环境微生物学界取得的最新进展,为了展现国内环境微生物及相关交叉领域科研工作者取得的最新进展,《微生物学通报》针对"第十二次全国环境微生物学术研讨会"组织出版了这期"环境微生物专刊",期望该专刊的出版有助于促进我国环境微生物学相关领域的交流和发展。     

促进我国环境微生物学的发展—“第十次全国环境微生物学术研讨会”专刊序言

我国是世界上环境污染最为严重的国家之一, 环境治理工作日趋重要。随着分子生物学技术的发展, 在环境微生物学领域的科研工作者的不懈努力下, 我国在环境微生物学方面取得了许多重要成果, 使微生物在环境保护中发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了展现国内环境微生物科研工作者取得的最新进展,《微生物学通报》针对“第十次全国环境微生物学术研讨会” 组织出版了这期“环境微生物专刊”, 期望该专刊的出版有助于我国环境微生物学相关领域的交流和发展。     

促进我国环境微生物学的发展—“第十次全国环境微生物学术研讨会”专刊序言

我国是世界上环境污染最为严重的国家之一,环境治理工作日趋重要.随着分子生物学技术的发展,在环境微生物学领域的科研工作者的不懈努力下,我国在环境微生物学方面取得了许多重要成果,使微生物在环境保护中发挥着越来越重要的作用.为了展现国内环境微生物科研工作者取得的最新进展,<微生物学通报>针对"第十次全国环境微生物学术研讨会"组织出版了这期"环境微生物专刊",期望该专刊的出版有助于我国环境微生物学相关领域的交流和发展.     

创新发展中的我国环境微生物学研究

2016年11月,"第十九次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会"在重庆市召开。八百多名国内外与会者围绕环境微生物学前沿基础、污染物降解与微生物修复、废弃物资源化利用与环境生物技术、微生物生态、微生物资源与分布等五个主题进行了多种形式的交流讨论。会议充分展现了我国环境微生物学研究、应用进展和良好的发展前景,其中部分领域的研究工作国际领先。《微生物学通报》针对本次研讨会组织出版了本期《环境微生物学主题刊》,旨在展示我国环境微生物学最新的研究进展和成果,促进环境微生物学及相关学科的交流和发展。     

中国微生物生态学的进展——《微生物生态学专刊》序言

2014年10月在北京召开的“2014年中国生态学会微生物生态专业委员会暨国际学术研讨会”标志着我国微生物生态学研究专业学术组织已经走过了30年的历程。经过几代微生物生态学研究者的不懈努力,我国的微生物生态学从无到有,不断开拓和发展,使得我国微生物生态学研究的队伍不断壮大,在若干方向的研究水平处于国际前沿。为了展现我国微生物生态学研究的最新进展,《微生物学通报》针对本次研讨会组织出版了本期“微生物生态学专刊”,以期促进微生物生态学及相关交叉研究领域的发展。     

“第六届全国微生物遗传学学术研讨会”在温州举行

正由中国遗传学会微生物遗传专业委员会主办、温州医科大学和浙江省微生物学会等联合承办的"第六届全国微生物遗传学学术研讨会"于2014年9月19-22日在温州医科大学召开。来自全国各地科研院所及高校的200余位代表参加了本次研讨会。会议接收论文摘要106篇,并汇编出版了《第六届全国微生物遗传学学术研讨会论文摘要集》。本次会议集中展现了我国微生物遗传学及相关领域研究的最新成果和前沿进展,对进一步推进     

2022年地质微生物学专刊

<正>自2017年开始策划“地质微生物学专刊”以来,《微生物学报》已成功出版了4期,分别是2018年第4期、2019年第6期、2020年第6期、2021年第6期。共发表文章81篇,得到了地质微生物学领域学者的关注和好评。为系统介绍该领域国内外的最新研究成果,并进一步扩大地质微生物学的影响、促进地质微生物学研究的发展,我们特别组织了本期“地质微生物学”专刊。     

Environmental Performance Index at the Provincial Level for China 2006–2011

In recent years, China has experienced rapid economic development and thousands of people escaped from poverty. However, this high-speed development has also led to increased pressure on the environment. Although the Chinese government has focused on solving environmental problems for the past few decades, it appears to have had little effect. Environmental performance evaluation (EPE) is a quantifiable environmental management tool that can evaluate environmental protection effects and provide guidance to improve government efficiency. We use EPE to evaluate China’s environmental performance at the provincial level between 2006 and 2011. In this study, the theme framework and driver force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework models are used to build the composite index (CI) for environmental performance. This index includes 39 indicators in four categories that were selected based on data that can be acquired from China’s Statistical Bureau. The results indicate that the environmental performance index (EPI) of 30 provincial administrative regions (PARs) from 2006 to 2011 ranges from 44.12 (Shanxi, 2006) to 80.87 (Beijing, 2010), from poor to good, respectively. To help develop more effective policies to improve China’s regional environmental performance, cluster analysis (CLA) is applied to divide the 30 PARs into 3 sub-regions. Recommendations for improving the environmental performance of different sub-regions are made to help guide the Chinese government to adjust environmental governance approaches to local conditions.     

Implications of flexibility in European Community environmental law: exemptions from environmental objectives in the Water Framework Directive

The present article is a brief review of the legal characteristics of water quality objectives and legally permissible exemptions from these objectives, as enacted in the EC Water Framework Directive. Six different types of exemptions have been identified in total. These vary markedly in the legal premises of their feasibility, ranging from the set deadlines for the environmental objectives to application of less stringent environmental objectives for certain water bodies.     

Effects of external osmolality,calcium and prolactin on growth and differentiation of the epidermal cells of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus

Summary Osmolality and concentrations of divalent cations calcium, and to a lesser extent magnesium of the water are the main environmental factors that determine development and degree of mucification of the skin epithelium of Sarotherodon mossambicus. Epithelial thickness and number of mucocytes in fish exposed to low (freshwater level) concentrations of calcium and magnesium are directly related to the height of the osmotic gradient between water and blood plasma. No such relationship is found in fish exposed to a high (seawater level) concentration of calcium in the water, irrespective of the height of the osmotic gradient.The results strongly indicate that the effects of osmolality and divalent cations are indirect, and mediated by prolactin, since administration of ovine or fish prolactin stimulates growth and multiplication of the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis, and promotes the differentiation of the mucocytes.     

A mathematical model for the survivorship curve

A mathematical function describing the various kinds of survivorship curve is formulated with the useful parameter, environmental capacity. Three types of the survivorship curve illlustrated byDeevey can be obtained from changing the value of this function. When a cohort is large and the competition occurs in the scramble type, this function shows the third type ofDeevy 's and this to the first type in the case of low density and the contest type of competition. But the second type would rather be obtained by the action of density independent agencies.     

The role of biochemical engineering in the production of biofuels from microalgae

Environmental changes that have occurred due to the use of fossil fuels have driven the search for alternative sources that have a lower environmental impact. First-generation biofuels were derived from crops such as sugar cane, corn and soybean, which contribute to water scarcity and deforestation. Second-generation biofuels originated from lignocellulose agriculture and forest residues, however these needed large areas of land that could be used for food production. Based on technology projections, the third generation of biofuels will be derived from microalgae. Microalgae are considered to be an alternative energy source without the drawbacks of the first- and second-generation biofuels. Depending upon the growing conditions, microalgae can produce biocompounds that are easily converted into biofuels. The biofuels from microalgae are an alternative that can keep the development of human activity in harmony with the environment. This study aimed to present the main biofuels that can be derived from microalgae.     

Current debates on the origin of species

John Tranter of CLEAPSS offers a challenge to biological educators not to let the system grind us down. He concludes by exploding some common myths about health & safety.     

Atmospheric metal pollutants and environmental injustice: A methodological approach to environmental risk analysis using fuzzy logic and tree bark

Air pollution is the single largest environmental risk today and is increasing in developing countries. In addition, exposure to air pollution is correlated to poor socioeconomic conditions owing to political processes and cultural and historic occupation of land. Ports have several structures that are potential emitters of pollutants such as large ship engines, diesel trucks, and trains. Owing to the considerable costs of implementing direct monitoring networks, alternatives like biomonitoring are an interesting approach to evaluate the environmental status of a particular area using living organisms or their parts such as bark, even though the use of bark as a biomonitor has several problems such as difficulties in determining the exposure period and its correlation with human exposure. Therefore, the use of a complementary mathematical logic is necessary. This study describes a methodological approach to evaluate the environmental risk from air pollution integrating data on environmental pollutants from tree bark using Fuzzy logic, based in the port city of Paranaguá in the state of Paraná in Brazil, and validated using income indicators. The results indicate that the risk distribution patterns have an inverse relationship with the income indicator, i.e., higher risk levels indicate lower income levels and vice versa. It was concluded that the system was able to identify the distribution of risk and that there is a context of environmental injustice in the region, where the environmental risk related to air pollution is inversely proportional to income levels. This type of information provides a decision making tool for environmental risk analysis from air pollution and can be used in the definition of public policies.     

环境基因组学的研究进展

本文系统地介绍了环境基因组学的基本概念和主流技术平台,及其在环境污染控制、健康风险检测与评价等方面地应用．并阐释了环境基因组学与环境蛋白组学、生物信息学之间的关系。环境基因组学在生物基因组水平上揭示了环境污染物与生物之间的相互作用,为维护人体与环境健康,进行分子水平遗传物质的检测与调控。奠定了理论基础与技术支持,目前已经成为控制环境污染,提高人体与环境健康质量的重要议题。     

北京地区黄檗分布与环境因子的关系

黄檗（Phellodendron amurense Rupr.）为我国二级重点保护野生植物,在北京地区黄檗多散生于阔叶林中,数量稀少。为了解北京地区黄檗分布与环境因子的关系,促进种群扩繁,在北京百花山、松山和雾灵山自然保护区共设置了12个20 m×20 m的样地,利用CCA分析方法对不同地点黄檗的生长分布状况与海拔、坡度、坡向、郁闭度、土壤pH值、碱解氮和土壤有机质等11个环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果显示,CCA排序第一轴主要反映了海拔、郁闭度和坡度的变化,第二轴主要反映了有机质含量、碱解氮含量、pH值和坡向的变化,其中海拔、碱解氮和土壤有机质是影响黄檗生长分布的重要环境因子,低海拔、低碱解氮含量以及土壤有机质高的地段适宜黄檗分布。对影响黄檗分布的环境因子进行定量分离,结果发现环境因子对黄檗样地物种分布的解释能力为84.5%,显示出较好的排序效果,黄檗分布点受人为干扰较少,其所在植物群落与环境保持了良好的对应关系;环境因子与物种分布呈显著相关（P=0.03）,表明CCA排序结果可以解释环境因子对物种分布的影响程度。