疱疹病毒UL26．5基因及其编码蛋白研究进展

疱疹病毒是一类具有相同形态学且有较大囊膜的双链DNA病毒,分为α、β和γ三类疱疹病毒亚科.成熟病毒粒子近似球形,直径120nm～200nm,主要山核心(core)、衣壳(capsid)、外膜(tegument)和囊膜(envelope)4部分组成.衣壳是疱疹病毒的重要组成部分,它在细胞核内装配并包装DNA,然后转移到细胞质中被膜成熟.正常衣壳的形成必须围绕一个由UL26.5蛋白和UL26支架蛋白组成的内部支架进行组装.     

疱疹病毒UL7基因研究进展

疱疹病毒目(Herpesvirales)由疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae)、鱼类疱疹病毒科(Alloherpesvi-ridae)和贝类疱疹病毒科(Malacoherpesviridae)组成[1]。该病毒为线性双链DNA且外观近似为球形。其中,疱疹病毒科根据其生物学特性如宿主范围、复制周期长短、感染所致的细胞病理学变化以及     

疱疹病毒UL7基因研究进展

疱疹病毒目(Herpesvirales)由疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae)、鱼类疱疹病毒科(Alloherpesvi-ridae)和贝类疱疹病毒科(Malacoherpesviridae)组成[1]。该病毒为线性双链DNA且外观近似为球形。其中,疱疹病毒科根据其生物学特性如宿主范围、复制周期长短、感染所致的细胞病理学变化以及     

疱疹病毒gN基因及其编码蛋白的研究进展

gN蛋白是疱疹病毒gN基因编码的一种糖蛋白,其氨基酸组成的种类及数量在不同疱疹病毒中略有差异。目前已有研究表明gN蛋白定位于宿主细胞细胞质,主要分布于内质网区域。该蛋白在宿主细胞中与疱疹病毒gM蛋白形成复合物,参与病毒复制和细胞间感染过程,并对宿主细胞有免疫逃避作用。对疱疹病毒gN基因及其编码蛋白的特点和功能的总结,为进一步开展对疱疹病毒gN基因的深入研究提供一定的理论依据。     

HSV-1UL6基因编码门蛋白的结构及功能

门蛋白在单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）的衣壳装配和基因组包装过程中扮演重要角色,对病毒的复制有重要作用。本文就HSV-1 UL6基因编码的门蛋白进行阐述,具体介绍形成门蛋白多聚体的影响因素,门蛋白及其周边蛋白的结构及功能,以及其靶点药物的研究现状等,以期为研究门蛋白在疱疹病毒感染和复制过程中的作用提供一定参考。     

蛋白编码基因在细菌分类学中的应用

为弥补16S rDNA在细菌分类应用中的不足,人们应用了一些编码重要蛋白的看家基因作为系统分类的分子标记。蛋白编码基因具有分辨能力强、准确度高、与基因组一致性好等优点,在近缘菌株的鉴别中效果突出,与其他分类标记结合使用则能够取得更加出色的成效。同时,介绍蛋白编码基因在细菌分类和相关技术中的应用情况,并对这一工具的发展前景作展望。     

PaP3噬菌体57kD蛋白编码基因的确定

分离鉴定了PaP3噬菌体57 kD蛋白的编码基因并对其功能进行了初步探讨。用PEG沉淀结合CsCl梯度密度离心分离、纯化噬菌体颗粒,通过SDSPAGE分析该噬菌体的衣壳蛋白,转印PVDF膜后,对57 kD蛋白用Edman降解法进行N端氨基酸测序,进而从PaP3全基因组的256个ORFs中确认该蛋白质的编码基因及其对应的氨基酸序列。结果显示噬菌体PaP3有9种结构蛋白分子,其中57 kD蛋白是由ORF34793编码的。57kD蛋白编码基因全长1542bp,G+C百分含量为49.16%,编码514个氨基酸。该蛋白分子量为57.4kD,等电点为5.879。实验表明该蛋白是一种结构性蛋白,很可能是噬菌体衣壳蛋白中的一种壳微粒。     

Identification of proteins specific for human herpesvirus 6-infected human T cells.

Proteins specific for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)-infected human T cells (HSB-2) were examined by using polyclonal rabbit antibodies and monoclonal antibodies against HHV-6-infected cells and human sera. More than 20 proteins and six glycoproteins specific for HHV-6-infected cells were identified from [35S]methionine- and [3H]glucosamine-labeled total-cell extracts. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies immunoprecipitated 33 [35S]methionine-labeled HHV-6-specific polypeptides with approximate molecular weights ranging from 180,000 to 31,000. In immunoprecipitation and Western immunoblot reactions, a patient's serum also recognized more than 30 HHV-6-specific proteins and seven glycoproteins. In contrast, sera from individuals with high-titered antibodies against other human herpesviruses reacted with fewer HHV-6-infected cell proteins, and only a 135,000-Mr polypeptide was prominent. Monoclonal antibodies to HHV-6-infected cells reacted with single and multiple polypeptides specific for virus-infected cells and immunoprecipitated three distinct sets of glycoproteins, which were designated gp105k and gp82k, gp116k, gp64k, and gp54k, and gp102k.     

Viral gene expression patterns in human herpesvirus 6B-infected T cells

Herpesvirus gene expression is divided into immediate-early (IE) or alpha genes, early (E) or beta genes, and late (L) or gamma genes on the basis of temporal expression and dependency on other gene products. By using real-time PCR, we have investigated the expression of 35 human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) genes in T cells infected by strain PL-1. Kinetic analysis and dependency on de novo protein synthesis and viral DNA polymerase activity suggest that the HHV-6B genes segregate into six separate kinetic groups. The genes expressed early (groups I and II) and late (groups V and VI) corresponded well with IE and L genes, whereas the intermediate groups III and IV contained E and L genes. Although HHV-6B has characteristics similar to those of other roseoloviruses in its overall gene regulation, we detected three B-variant-specific IE genes. Moreover, genes that were independent of de novo protein synthesis clustered in an area of the viral genome that has the lowest identity to the HHV-6A variant. The organization of IE genes in an area of the genome that differs from that of HHV-6A underscores the distinct differences between HHV-6B and HHV-6A and may provide a basis for further molecular and immunological analyses to elucidate their different biological behaviors.     

Characterization of the DNA polymerase gene of human herpesvirus 6.

The construction of a recombinant bacteriophage lambda library containing overlapping clones covering 155 kbp of the 161-kbp genome of the Ugandan U1102 isolate of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is described. The use of degenerate-primer polymerase chain reaction allowed the isolation of a DNA probe for the DNA polymerase gene of HHV-6, which was subsequently used to isolate and position the pol gene on the physical map of the viral genome. A 4.4-kbp EcoRI DNA restriction fragment containing the pol gene was isolated and sequenced. The open reading frames flanking the pol gene code for the HHV-6 glycoprotein B gene and the human cytomegalovirus UL53 homolog. This arrangement is different from that seen in the alpha and gamma herpesvirus families, lending further support to the notion that HHV-6 is a member of the beta herpesvirus group.     

Estimating immunoregulatory gene networks in human herpesvirus type 6-infected T cells

The immune response to viral infection involves complex network of dynamic gene and protein interactions. We present here the dynamic gene network of the host immune response during human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) infection in an adult T-cell leukemia cell line. Using a pathway-focused oligonucleotide DNA microarray, we found a possible association between chemokine genes regulating Th1/Th2 balance and genes regulating T-cell proliferation during HHV-6B infection. Gene network analysis using an integrated comprehensive workbench, VoyaGene, revealed that a gene encoding a TEC-family kinase, ITK, might be a putative modulator in the host immune response against HHV-6B infection. We conclude that Th2-dominated inflammatory reaction in host cells may play an important role in HHV-6B-infected T cells, thereby suggesting the possibility that ITK might be a therapeutic target in diseases related to dysregulation of Th1/Th2 balance. This study describes a novel approach to find genes related with the complex host-virus interaction using microarray data employing the Bayesian statistical framework.     

Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 38.5-kilobase-pair region of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 encoding human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene homologs and transactivating functions.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is prevalent in the human population, with primary infection occurring early in life. Its predominant CD4+ T-lymphocyte tropism, its ability to activate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in vitro, and its upregulation of CD4 expression has led to speculation that HHV-6 may act as a positive cofactor in the progression of HIV infection to AIDS in individuals infected with both viruses. Previous sequencing studies of restricted regions of the 161.5-kbp genome of HHV-6 have demonstrated unequivocally that it is a member of the betaherpesvirus subgroup and have indicated that the HHV-6 genome is generally collinear with the unique long (UL) component of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In the work described in this report we have extended these sequencing studies by determining the primary structure of 38.5-kbp of the HHV-6 genome (genomic position 21.0 to 59.5 kbp). Within the sequenced region lie 31 open reading frames, 20 of which are homologous to positional counterparts in HCMV. Of particular significance is the identification of homologs of the HCMV UL36-38 and US22-type genes, which have been shown to encode transactivating proteins. We show that DNA sequences encoding these HHV-6 homologs were able to transactivate HIV-1 long terminal repeat-directed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in cotransfection assays, thus demonstrating functional as well as structural conservation of these betaherpesvirus-specific gene products. Our data therefore confirm the close relationship between HHV-6 and HCMV and identify putative immediate-early regulatory genes of HHV-6 likely to play key roles in lytic replication and possibly also in the interactions between HHV-6 and HIV in dually infected cells.     

Identification of the gene encoding Marek''s disease herpesvirus A antigen.

The gene encoding the glycoprotein Marek's disease herpesvirus A antigen (MDHV-A) precursor polypeptide pr47 was delineated by using Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis and hybrid selection of its mRNA with cloned MDHV DNA, cell-free translation of the mRNA, and immunoprecipitation of the polypeptide. The resulting piece of DNA with strongly positive hybrid selection results was a 2.2-kilobase-pair (kbp) PvuII-EcoRI restriction fragment localized to the center of the 18.3-kbp MDHV BamHI B fragment of the total virus genome. The localization was specific since no other small restriction subfragment of the larger BamHI B fragment was able to hybrid select significant MDHV-A mRNA and the gene mapped only in the BamHI B fragment of the total virus genome. Northern blot analysis confirmed the localization of the MDHV-A gene on the 2.2-kbp fragment and detected its mRNA as a 1.8-kilobase species, a size consistent with encoding a 47-kilodalton polypeptide. This is the first report of an MDHV gene being mapped to the MDHV viral genome. This opens the way for the use of recombinant DNA technology to study the nature of the gene encoding a secreted virus-specific glycoprotein that could possibly be involved in immunoprevention, immunosuppression, or immunoevasion, immune phenomena known or speculated to be involved in this oncogenic herpesvirus system.