DNA damage analysis concerning GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism in gold jewellery workers from Peshawar Pakistan

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the genotoxic effects of gold jewellery fumes and its association with GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms.     

An assessment of the conservation status of Restrepia (Orchidaceae) reveals the threatened status of the genus

ABSTRACT

Background

The genus Restrepia occurs throughout Central and South America in areas of montane forest heavily affected by deforestation.     

Environment,not phylogeny,drives herbivory and leaf attributes in trees from two contrasting forest formations of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT

Background

The degree of herbivory in plants can be related to leaf traits, which are, in turn, determined by phylogeny and environment.     

Glycocalyx damage biomarkers in healthy controls,abdominal surgery,and sepsis: a scoping review

Abstract

Objective

Despite wide interest in glycocalyx biomarkers, their values in healthy individuals, patients after abdominal surgery, and septic patients have been poorly understood.     

Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with survival among cancer patients receiving first-line anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based therapies

Abstract

Background

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based therapy has emerged recently, and we aimed to figure out the latent value of different clinical and molecular factors to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy compared with non-immunotherapy in the first-line setting.     

Protective effect of Argan oil on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress against acrylamide-induced liver and kidney injury in rats

Abstract

Context

Acrylamide (ACR) is now a risk for general public health. Argan oil (AO) is harvested from the fruits of Argania spinosa and its rich source of antioxidant and phenolic compounds.     

Drought resistance does not explain epiphytic abundance of accidental epiphytes

ABSTRACT

Background

Accidental epiphytism is common among vascular plants in forest ecosystems around the globe. A frequent observation in surveys of accidental epiphytes is the occurrence of few species with high epiphytic abundance, while most co-occurring terrestrial species are rarely found as epiphytes.     

Serum cytokines and CXCR2: potential tumour markers in ovarian neoplasms

Abstract

Purpose

The aim was to investigate the systemic levels of cytokines and the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 in circulating neutrophils in patients with non-neoplastic ovarian lesions, benign neoplasia or malignant neoplasia.     

Intraspecific variation in seedling drought tolerance and associated traits in a critically endangered,endemic Hawaiian shrub

ABSTRACT

Background

Climates are changing at a rate that exceeds the adaptive capacity of species, especially endangered species. Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity are important for population persistence, yet few studies have linked traits to seedling performance under drought in endangered species.     

Tape stripping the stratum corneum for biomarkers of ultraviolet radiation exposure at sub-erythemal dosages: a study in human volunteers

Abstract

Purpose

Prevalence of skin cancer is rapidly increasing. There is a need for non-invasive biomarkers to assess efficacy of prevention strategies aiming at reduction of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Recently, stratum corneum (SC) biomarkers were applied in various inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we explore their suitability as candidate biomarkers for UVR.     

Using oral hygiene education in schools to tackle child tooth decay: a mixed methods study with children and teachers in England

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Tooth decay is the most common reason for non- emergency hospital admissions in 5–9 year olds. As such, it is included in the England school curriculum at 8–9 years to facilitate improved oral hygiene and prevent tooth decay.     

Mortality in cardiogenic shock is stronger associated to clinical factors than contemporary biomarkers reflecting neurohormonal stress and inflammatory activation

Abstract

Purpose

To validate the IABP-SHOCK II risk score in a Danish cohort and assess the association between the IABP-SHOCK II risk score and admission concentration of biomarkers reflecting neurohormonal – (Copeptin, Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP), Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MRproADM)) and inflammatory (ST2) activation in patients with CS complicating ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).     

Protected from fire,but not from harm: seedling emergence of savanna grasses is constrained by burial depth

ABSTRACT

Background

The Cerrado is a fire-prone Neotropical savanna and grass seeds are the main component of the soil seed bank. Although grass seeds are presumed to tolerate heat pulses during fires, the assumption that these seeds will be recruited may be an overestimation, since it does not account for factors that limit seedling emergence from the soil.     

Global analysis of ecological niche conservation and niche shift in exotic populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus,M. luteus) and their hybrid (M. × robertsii)

ABSTRACT

Background

Hybridisation associated with biological invasions may generate new phenotypic combinations, allowing hybrids to occupy new ecological niches. To date, few studies have assessed niche shifts associated with hybridisation in recently introduced populations while simultaneously characterising the niche of parental species in both native and introduced ranges.     

Feasibility of neonatal haemoglobin A1C as a biomarker for retinopathy of prematurity

Abstract

Introduction

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially serious eye disorder affecting very preterm infants. Non-proliferative ROP (NP-ROP), also known as Early Stage ROP, is characterized by deficient retinal angiogenesis. Proliferative ROP (P-ROP), also known as Late Stage ROP, is characterized by pathologic angiogenesis. The use of neonatal haemoglobin A1C as a biomarker for ROP has not yet been evaluated.     

A simple method to evaluate biofilm formation in exopolysaccharide-producing strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti

ABSTRACT

Sinorhizobium meliloti

is a bacterium of great agroeconomic importance because of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic association with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) roots, and it is often used in model studies. We investigated the effects of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions in S. meliloti. The microtiter plate assay, a quantitative spectrophotometric method, is used to study bio?lm formation by bacterial adherence to an abiotic surface. It consists in staining biofilms grown in microtiter plates. Here, we describe two microbiology laboratory classes designed for undergraduate students of Experimental Biological Chemistry, in which they learn about biofilm forming capacity by observing the behavior of both wild-type and mutant strains of S. meliloti.     

Three new species of Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae,Theraphosidae) from Argentina

ABSTRACT

Euathlus

Ausserer, 1875 is a South American genus of spiders of the family Theraphosidae known from Chile and Argentina. Three new species from Argentina: Euathlus mauryi sp. n. (from San Juan province), Euathlus grismadoi sp. n. (from La Rioja province), and Euathlus pampa sp. n. (from Salta province) are described here. New records of the previous species Euathlus diamante and Euathlus tenebrarum are contributed. The distribution of these new species expands the geographical distribution of the genus along the Andean hills, with Salta province as the northernmost record of the genus. A key is provided for identification of Euathlus species as well as a map with all the records in Argentina.     

Physician choices in pulmonary embolism testing

BACKGROUND:Evidence-based guidelines advise excluding pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis using d-dimer in patients with a lower probability of PE. Emergency physicians frequently order computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography without d-dimer testing or when d-dimer is negative, which exposes patients to more risk than benefit. Our objective was to develop a conceptual framework explaining emergency physicians’ test choices for PE.METHODS:We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews of emergency physicians in Canada. A nonmedical researcher conducted in-person interviews. Participants described how they would test simulated patients with symptoms of possible PE, answered a knowledge test and were interviewed on barriers to using evidence-based PE tests.RESULTS:We interviewed 63 emergency physicians from 9 hospitals in 5 cities, across 3 provinces. We identified 8 domains: anxiety with PE, barriers to using the evidence (time, knowledge and patient), divergent views on evidence-based PE testing, inherent Wells score problems, the drive to obtain CT rather than to diagnose PE, gestalt estimation artificially inflating PE probability, subjective reasoning and cognitive biases supporting deviation from evidence-based tests and use of evidence-based testing to rule out PE in patients who are very unlikely to have PE. Choices for PE testing were influenced by the disease, environment, test qualities, physician and probability of PE.INTERPRETATION:Analysis of structured interviews with emergency physicians provided a conceptual framework to explain how these physicians use tests for suspected PE. The data suggest 8 domains to address when implementing an evidence-based protocol to investigate PE.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot lodges in the pulmonary arteries. If left untreated, the disorder can progress, causing worsening morbidity and may become fatal.¹ Because of the acute nature of this condition, many patients with PE present to the emergency department.Diagnosing and excluding PE using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) alone can be problematic because of radiation exposure, anaphylaxis to contrast, misdiagnosis and “overdiagnosis” of inconsequential PE² (leading to unnecessary anticoagulation therapy and psychological distress³). Choosing Wisely^4,5 and the guideline from the American College of Physicians⁶ recommend the use of risk stratification tools, including the Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC) clinical decision rule,⁷ the Wells score⁸ and blood concentration of d-dimer. These tools use different predetermined diagnostic algorithms to indicate the need for CTPA.^8–11 Evidence-based guidelines discourage further testing in patients at lower risk who have normal d-dimer levels, where imaging can cause more harm than benefit.^12,13 However, many emergency physicians opt for CTPA as a stand-alone test for PE.^14–17It remains unclear why emergency physicians sometimes do not use validated diagnostic PE tools. Furthermore, implementation of computerized decision support systems has had little success in modifying this behaviour.^18,19 We sought to develop a conceptual framework to describe how Canadian emergency physicians test for PE, and to document the cognitive and contextual barriers to using existing evidence-based diagnostic PE pathways.     

Contemporary proteomic strategies for cysteine redoxome profiling

Protein cysteine residues are susceptible to oxidative modifications that can affect protein functions. Proteomic techniques that comprehensively profile the cysteine redoxome, the repertoire of oxidized cysteine residues, are pivotal towards a better understanding of the protein redox signaling. Recent technical advances in chemical tools and redox proteomic strategies have greatly improved selectivity, in vivo applicability, and quantification of the cysteine redoxome. Despite this substantial progress, still many challenges remain. Here, we provide an update on the recent advances in proteomic strategies for cysteine redoxome profiling, compare the advantages and disadvantages of current methods and discuss the outstanding challenges and future perspectives for plant redoxome research.

Current cysteine redoxome profiling can characterize systematically diverse oxidative posttranslational modifications

Advances

• The chemical toolbox for Cys redoxome profiling has extensively expanded.
• Advanced chemoproteomic platforms have been applied to target specific Cys oxidative posttranslational modifications (OxiPTMs).
• Various reductomic workflows have been widely implemented for reversible Cys OxiPTMs quantification.
• Workflows have been integrated to measure the occupancy of multiple OxiPTMs simultaneously.
• Disulfide-based traps enable the in situ profiling for –SOH sites.