云南普通野生稻遗传多样性和亲缘关系

野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)是稻属的重要组成部分, 具有许多优良性状, 是水稻遗传改良的天然基因库。本研究通过对形态学性状的观测, 及ISSR和RAPD UPGMA聚类分析, 将云南普通野生稻划分为4个类型, 即元江类型、景洪紫杆直立型、景洪绿杆直立型和景洪匍匐型。在供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的ISSR和RAPD引物各11个, ISSR引物扩增出多态带113条, 多态性条带比率(PPB)为82.26%, RAPD引物共扩增出多态性条带76条, PPB值为76.77%, 两种分子标记的分析结果呈极显著正相关(r = 0.951)。此外UPGMA聚类结果表明, 云南普通野生稻不同类型与其它地区普通野生稻之间的遗传亲缘关系差异明显。     

云南普通野生稻遗传多样性和亲缘关系

野生稻（Oryza rufipogon）是稻属的重要组成部分,具有许多优良性状,是水稻遗传改良的天然基因库。本研究通过对形态学性状的观测,及ISSR和RAPDUPGMA聚类分析,将云南普通野生稻划分为4个类型,即元江类型、景洪紫杆直立型、景洪绿杆直立型和景洪匍匐型。在供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的ISSR和RAPD引物各11个,ISSR引物扩增出多态带113条,多态性条带比率（PPB）为82．26％,RAPD引物共扩增出多态性条带76条,PPB值为76．77％,两种分子标记的分析结果呈极显著正相关（r=0.951）。此外UPGMA聚类结果表明,云南普通野生稻不同类型与其它地区普通野生稻之间的遗传亲缘关系差异明显。     

居群遗传结构研究中显性标记数据方法初探

为对比显性标记应用于居群遗传结构研究时不同统计参数的适用性,利用RAPD技术对中国5个居群的100个疣粒野生稻个体进行了遗传结构分析。在衡量居群遗传多样性水平时,多态位点比率（PPB）会低估遗传变异的量,其价值不如Shannon多样性指数和Nei基因多样性指数,而采用Nei指数时不必进行Lynch-Milligan矫正。对个体间遗传关系进行分析时,17种遗传相似性指数矩阵两两之间的Mantel检测都表现出极显著的相关性（r＞0.95,t＞t     

Genetic variation within and among populations of a wild rice Oryza granulata from China detected by RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic variation within and between five populations of Oryza granulata from two regions of China was investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat amplification) markers. Twenty RAPD primers used in this study amplified 199 reproducible bands with 61 (30.65%) polymorphic; and 12 ISSR primers amplified 113 bands with 52 (46.02%) polymorphic. Both RAPD and ISSR analyses revealed a low level of genetic diversity in wild populations of O. granulata. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variation within and between populations both within and between regions. As the RAPD markers revealed, 73.85% of the total genetic diversity resided between the two regions, whereas only 19.45% and 6.70% were present between populations within regions and within a population respectively. Similarly, it was shown by ISSR markers that a great amount of variation (49.26%) occurred between the two regions, with only 38.07% and 12.66% between populations within regions and within a population respectively. Both the results of a UPGMA cluster, based on Jaccard coefficients, and pairwise distance analysis agree with that of the AMOVA partition. This is the first report of the partitioning of genetic variability within and among populations of O. granulata at the DNA level, which is in general agreement with a recent study on the same species in China using allozyme analysis. Our results also indicated that the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) detected by ISSR is higher than that detected by RAPD. It seems that ISSR is superior to RAPD in terms of the polymorphism detected and the amplification reproducibility. Received: 29 March 2000 / Accepted: 15 May 2000     

海南主要普通野生稻的调查及利用RAPD技术进行鉴别分析

通过对海南现存的主要普通野生稻资源进行考察,报道了海南主要普通野生稻的最新生存状况;并用RAPD技术对其进行分析。从供试材料中筛选出具有多态性的RAPD引物13条,共扩增出155条带,其中多态性条带120条,多态性条带比率(PPB)值为77.42%。UPGMA聚类结果表明:海南主要普通野生稻之间遗传关系较复杂、差异较明显,并将海南主要普通野生稻资源划分为5个小类群,可以很好地将海南本地野生稻与收集保存的野生稻鉴别开来,为海南普通野生稻资源的合理利用与有效保护提供了重要依据。     

云南黑籽南瓜种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

摘要: 采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术对来源于云南省6个地州13份的黑籽南瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：6个RAPD和6个ISSR引物分别扩增出43条和41条带,多态性比率分别为90.70%和51.21%;RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材的遗传相似性系数(Gs)范围,分别为0.340-0.895和0.162-0.941,ISSR(平均GS值0.698)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.481)。RAPD标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群5组;ISSR标记聚类分析将供试种质分为4个类群6组,RAPD和ISSR标记的遗传相似性系数呈显著相关(r=0.536)。基于UPGMA聚类结果,可为黑籽南瓜的引种栽培或品种改良提供参考。     

RAPD analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Elymus sibiricus (Poaceae) native to the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Genetic diversity of Elymus sibiricus (Poaceae) was examined in eight populations from the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We detected 291 RAPD polymorphic loci in 93 samples. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 79%. Genetic diversity (H(E)) was 0.264, effective number of alleles (N(E)) was 1.444, Shannon's information index (H(O)) was 0.398, and expected Bayesian heterozygosity (H(B)) was 0.371. At the population level, PPB = 51%, N(E) = 1.306, H(E) = 0.176, I = 0.263, and H(B) = 0.247. A high level of genetic differentiation was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (G(ST) = 32.0%), Shannon's index analysis (33.7%), and the Bayesian method (θ(B) = 33.5%). The partitioning of molecular variance by AMOVA demonstrated significant genetic differentiation within populations (60%) and among populations (40%). The average number of individuals exchanged between populations per generation (N(m)) was 1.06. The populations were found to share high levels of genetic identity. No significant correlation was found between geographic distance and pairwise genetic distance (r = 0.7539, P = 0.9996). Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.762) between RAPD H(E) found in this study and ISSR H(E) values from a previous study.     

分子标记鉴定常山胡柚优良基因型的初步研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记对常山胡柚的优良基因型进行鉴定,并探讨常山胡柚的起源。从100个RAPD引物中筛选出12个多态性引物用于正式扩增,共得到117条DNA带,其中多态性DNA带64条,占扩增片段的54．7%;从105个ISSR引物中筛选出11个多态性引物用于正式扩增,共得到94条DNA带,其中多态性DNA带58条,占扩增片段的61．7%。RAPD和ISSR分析揭示了常山胡柚及其近缘种的一些特异性条带。ISSR共产生了15条特异条带,RAPD共产生12特异性条带。实验数据用AMOVA软件计算遗传距离,用NTSYS-pc软件构建UPGMA聚类树状图。结果显示,所有的基因型及不同种之间均能够彼此区分,分析得到的指纹图谱对常山胡柚种和基因型的鉴定具有潜在的应用价值,可用于优良基因型的鉴定。聚类分析结果显示常山胡柚和甜柚聚为一枝,确定了甜柚是杂交亲本之一,但是常山胡柚和柚的遗传距离较远,说明常山胡柚可能是甜橙、柚和柑桔属其他种的多重自然杂交的结果。     

滇牡丹遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR标记对中国西南地区特有植物滇牡丹(Paeonia delavayi)的遗传多样性进行了研究。从100个引物中筛选出10个用于正式扩增,在取自16个自然居群和1个迁地保护居群的511个个体中,检测到92个多态位点。在居群水平上,多态位点百分率（PPB）为44.61%,Nei′s基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon信息指数（I）分别为0.1657和0.2448。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率（PPB）为79.31%,Nei′s基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon信息指数（I）分别为0.2947和0.4355。居群间的遗传分化系数(G_ST)达0.4349。结果表明：滇牡丹遗传多样性水平较高,居群间遗传分化较大。结合以前的研究结果,对滇牡丹的现状进行评估的结果显示,滇牡丹并不濒危。     

多叶重楼遗传多样性的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记对多叶重楼种下3个变种的8个居群共208份样品的遗传多样性进行了分析。l4条引物共检测到251个清晰的扩增位点,其中多态位点235个。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率(PPB)达93.63%,Nei′s基因多样性指数(HE)为0.2204、Shannon′s信息指数(HO)为0.3532。在居群水平上,多态位点百分率(PPB)为50.45%,Nei′s基因多样性指数(HE)为0.1405,Shannon′s信息指数(HO)为0.2194,这些均表明多叶重楼的遗传多样性水平较高。此外,还用NTSYS软件对样品进行了UPGMA聚类分析,结果显示滇重楼的6个居群聚为一支,滇重楼与狭叶重楼有较近的亲缘关系,而与长药隔重楼之间的遗传分化较大。本研究提出了合理保护重楼植物资源的若干措施,为进一步开展滇重楼优质种质引种驯化,实现种质资源多样性的合理保护和可持续利用提供参考。