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2.
Ziccardi M Lourenço-De-Oliveira R Lainson R Brígido MC Muniz JA 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2000,95(2):157-159
Trypanosome infections were sought in 46 non-human primates captured principally in Amazonian Brazil. Twenty-two (47.8%) were infected with four Trypanosoma species: T. cruzi, T. minasense, T. devei and T. rangeli. These preliminary results confirmed the high prevalence and diversity of natural infections with trypanosomes in primates from Brazilian Amazon and were the first formal record of simian infections with trypanosomes in the State of Acre. The presence of T. cruzi-like and T. rangeli-like parasites are recorded in four new hosts. 相似文献
3.
Velho L. F. M. Lansac-Tôha F. A. Bonecker C. C. Bini L. M. Rossa D. C. 《Hydrobiologia》2001,(1):385-391
The assessment of factors that determine the spatial distribution of zooplankton abundance is a central issue in zooplankton ecology. Since these factors are, in the most cases, spatially autocorrelated, especially in reservoirs, it is frequently difficult to isolate the primary causes that explain the variation in zooplankton abundance. In this paper, the spatial variation of copepods in Corumbá Reservoir (Goiás, Brazil) was studied. Sets of variables were used to model copepod abundance variation: limnology (abiotic variables), phytoplankton and spatial position of sampling sites. The copepod assemblage was composed of Thermocyclops minutus, Thermocyclops decipiens, Mesocyclops longisetus and Notodiaptomus iheringi. Along the reservoir's main axis, abundance increases, albeit not linearly, towards the lacustrine zone. High abundance, similar to that found in the lacustrine region, was also observed in the lateral arms. These patterns were very similar for different years and seasons. Copepods were significantly correlated with phytoplankton and geography. After controlling for the effect of space, the relationship between copepods and phytoplankton was not significant (partial Mantel test). This result indicates that hydrology is the primary process that controls not only the abundance of copepods, but also limnological features and food resources, which are commonly used to explain variations in zooplankton abundance. 相似文献
4.
We conducted a survey to determine the vectors of malaria in six localities of Serra do Navio municipality, State of Amapá, from 1990 to 1991. Malaria infection rates of 29.3%, 6.2% and 20.4% were detected by human blood smears in Col?nia Agua Branca, Porto Terezinha and Arrependido, respectively. There was no malaria infection detected in Serra do Navio. Fifteen species were identified among 3,053 anopheline mosquitoes collected by human bait and 64.4% were identified as Anopheles albitarsis s.l., 16.7% An. braziliensis, 9.5% An. nuneztovari and 5.8% An. triannulatus. An. darlingi, the main vector of malaria in the Amazon region of Brazil, was scare. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a total positive rate of 0.8% (23/2876) was found for six species: fifteen An. albitarsis s.l., four An. nuneztovari, and one of each: An. braziliensis, An. triannulatus, An. oswaldoi and An. rangeli. Nine of 23 positive mosquitoes were infected with Plasmodium malariae, eight with P. vivax VK210, three with P. vivax VK247 and three with P. falciparum. Since An. albitarsis s.l. was collected feeding on humans, was present in the highest density and was positive by ELISA for malaria sporozoites, it probably plays an important role in malaria transmission in this area. 相似文献
5.
Montenegro AC Werneck GL Kerr-Pontes LR Barreto ML Feldmeier H 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2004,99(7):683-686
The aim of this study was to describe spatial patterns of the distribution of leprosy and to investigate spatial clustering of incidence rates in the state of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. The average incidence rate of leprosy for the period of 1991 to 1999 was calculated for each municipality of Ceará. Maps were used to describe the spatial distribution of the disease, and spatial statistics were applied to explore large- and small-scale variations of incidence rates. Three regions were identified in which the incidence of leprosy was particularly high. A spatial gradient in the incidence rates was identified, with a tendency of high rates to be concentrated on the North-South axis in the middle region of the state. Moran's I statistic indicated that a significant spatial autocorrelation also existed. The spatial distribution of leprosy in Ceará is heterogeneous. The reasons for spatial clustering of disease rates are not known, but might be related to an heterogeneous distribution of other factors such as crowding, social inequality, and environmental characteristics which by themselves determine the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae. 相似文献
6.
The mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) ecology was studied in areas of Serra do Mar State Park, State of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Systematized biweekly human bait collections were made three times a day, for periods of 2 or 3 h each, in sylvatic and rural areas for 24 consecutive months (January 1991 to December 1992). A total of 24, 943 adult mosquitoes belonging to 57 species were collected during 622 collective periods. Aedes scapularis, Coquillettidia chrysonotum, Cq. venezuelensis, Wyeomyia dyari, Wy. longirostris, Wy. theobaldi and Wy. palmata were more frequently collected at swampy and at flooded areas. Anopheles mediopunctatus, Culex nigripalpus, Ae. serratus, Ae. fulvus, Psorophora ferox, Ps. albipes and the Sabethini in general, were captured almost exclusively in forested areas. An. cruzii, An. oswaldoi and An. fluminensis were captured more frequently in a residence area. However, Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only one truly eusynanthropic. An. cruzii and Ae. scapularis were captured feeding on blood inside and around the residence, indicating that both species, malaria and arbovirus vectors respectively, may be involved in the transmission of these such diseases in rural areas. 相似文献
7.
Dione B. Rolim Marcos F. G. Rocha Raimunda S. N. Brilhante Rossana A. Cordeiro Natanael P. Leit?o-Junior Timothy J. J. Inglis José J. C. Sidrim 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2009,75(4):1215-1218
Melioidosis has been considered an emerging disease in Brazil since the first cases were reported to occur in the northeast region. This study investigated two municipalities in Ceará state where melioidosis cases have been confirmed to occur. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated in 26 (4.3%) of 600 samples in the dry and rainy seasons.Melioidosis is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and northern Australia (2, 4) and also occurs sporadically in other parts of the world (3, 7). Human melioidosis was reported to occur in Brazil only in 2003, when a family outbreak afflicted four sisters in the rural part of the municipality of Tejuçuoca, Ceará state (14). After this episode, there was one reported case of melioidosis in 2004 in the rural area of Banabuiú, Ceará (14). And in 2005, a case of melioidosis associated with near drowning after a car accident was confirmed to occur in Aracoiaba, Ceará (11).The goal of this study was to investigate the Tejuçuoca and Banabuiú municipalities, where human cases of melioidosis have been confirmed to occur, and to gain a better understanding of the ecology of Burkholderia pseudomallei in this region.We chose as central points of the study the residences and surrounding areas of the melioidosis patients in the rural areas of Banabuiú (5°18′35″S, 38°55′14″W) and Tejuçuoca (03°59′20″S, 39°34′50′W) (Fig. (Fig.1).1). There are two well-defined seasons in each of these locations: one rainy (running from January to May) and one dry (from June to December). A total of 600 samples were collected at five sites in Tejuçuoca (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) and five in Banabuiú (B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5), distributed as follows (Fig. (Fig.2):2): backyards (B1 and T1), places shaded by trees (B2 and T2), water courses (B3 and T3), wet places (B4 and T4), and stock breeding areas (B5 and T5).Open in a separate windowFIG. 1.Municipalities of Banabuiú (5°18′35″S, 38°55′14″W) and Tejuçuoca (03°59′20″S, 39°34′50″W).Open in a separate windowFIG. 2.Soil sampling sites in Banabuiú and Tejuçuoca.Once a month for 12 months (a complete dry/rainy cycle), five samples were gathered at five different depths: at the surface and at 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm (Table (Table1).1). The samples were gathered according to the method used by Inglis et al. (9). Additionally, the sample processing and B. pseudomallei identification were carried out as previously reported (1, 8, 9).
Open in a separate windowaSites designated with B are in Banabuiú, and sites designated with T are in Tejuçuoca. See the text for details.The data on weather and soil composition were obtained from specialized government institutions, such as FUNCEME, IPECE, and EMBRAPA. The average annual temperature in both municipalities is between 26 and 28°C. In 2007, the annual rainfall in Tejuçuoca was 496.8 mm, and that in Banabuiú was 766.8 mm. There are a range of soil types in both Tejuçuoca and Banabuiú: noncalcic brown, sodic planossolic, red-yellow podzolic, and litholic. In Banabuiú, there are also alluvial and cambisol soils. The characteristic vegetation in both municipalities is caatinga (scrublands).There were isolates of B. pseudomallei in 26 (4.3%) of the 600 samples collected. The bacterium was isolated at a rate (3%) similar to that previously reported (9). The bacterium isolation occurred in both the dry (53.8%) and the rainy (46.2%) seasons. Tejuçuoca represented 76.9% (20/26) of the strains isolated. Four sites in Tejuçuoca (T1, T3, T4, and T5) and three in Banabuiú (B1, B2, and B4) presented isolates of the bacterium (Table (Table1).1). The isolation of the B. pseudomallei strains varied from the surface down to 40 cm. However, 17 of the 26 positive samples (65.3%) were found at depths between 20 and 40 cm (Table (Table1).1). Only two isolates were found at the surface during the dry season.A study in Vietnam (13) and one in Australia (9) reported the presence of B. pseudomallei near the houses of melioidosis patients. In our study, the same thing happened. Site T3 (15/26; 57.6%) was located 290 m from the patient''s house, as reported by the Rolim group (14).B. pseudomallei was isolated from a sheep paddock in Australia, where animals sought shelter below mango and fig trees (17). In our study, the bacterium was isolated at site T5, a goat corral alongside the house where the outbreak occurred in Tejuçuoca. Four sites in places shaded by trees yielded positive samples (30.7%) in both Tejuçuoca (palm trees) and Banabuiú (mango trees). Additionally, B. pseudomallei was isolated on three occasions from a cornfield (site 4B) located alongside the house of the melioidosis patient in Banabuiú.In the main areas of endemicity, the disease is more prevalent in the rainy season (4, 5, 16). The outbreak in Tejuçuoca was related to rainfall (14). Besides the association of cases of the disease with rainfall itself, the isolation of B. pseudomallei in soil and water was also demonstrated during the dry season (12, 15). An Australian study isolated strains from soil and water during the dry and rainy seasons (17). A Thai study also reported B. pseudomallei in the dry season (18). In our study, the isolation of B. pseudomallei took place either at the end of the wet season or in the dry months. Fourteen of the positive samples (53.8%) were collected during the dry season, albeit near a river or reservoir (sites T3 and B4).Physical, biological, and chemical soil features appear to influence the survival of B. pseudomallei (6, 10). In the present study, the soil was classified as litholic with sandy or clayey textures. It is susceptible to erosion, and when there is a lack of water, it is subject to salinization. During the dry season, the clay layer becomes dried, cracked, and very hard. During the rainy season, it becomes soggy and sticky. The isolation of B. pseudomallei in the dry season is possibly related to the capacity for adaptation of this soil, since the extreme conditions of lithosols do not prevent the bacterial growth and survival.It has been shown that B. pseudomallei is more often isolated at depths between 25 and 45 cm (17). In our study, 65.3% of the positive samples were taken at depths between 20 and 40 cm. Moreover, of these 17 samples, 10 (58.8%) were collected during the dry months. Also, unlike in other regions, two positive samples were taken from the surface in the period without rainfall.The rainfall in Tejuçuoca and Banabuiú is generally low, and temperatures do not vary significantly during the year. Therefore, the isolation of B. pseudomallei in these places occurs outside the rainfall, temperature, and moisture conditions observed in other regions of endemicity. Our data thus suggest that peculiar environmental features, such as soil composition, might favor the multiplication of B. pseudomallei in northeast Brazil. 相似文献
TABLE 1.
Distribution of samples with isolates by site and soil depthSitesa and depth (cm) | No. of B. pseudomallei isolates in samples from:
| ||
---|---|---|---|
Banabuiú (n = 300) | Tejuçuoca (n = 300) | Total (n = 600) | |
B1/T1 | 3 | ||
Surface | 2 | ||
10 | |||
20 | 1 | ||
30 | |||
40 | |||
B2/T2 | 1 | ||
Surface | 1 | ||
10 | |||
20 | |||
30 | |||
40 | |||
B3/T3 | 15 | ||
Surface | 2 | ||
10 | 2 | ||
20 | 4 | ||
30 | 3 | ||
40 | 4 | ||
B4/T4 | 5 | ||
Surface | |||
10 | 1 | ||
20 | 1 | ||
30 | 1 | 1 | |
40 | 1 | ||
B5/T5 | 2 | ||
Surface | |||
10 | |||
20 | |||
30 | 2 | ||
40 | |||
Total | 6 | 20 | 26 |
8.
Edgar López-Galván Icela Barceló-Quintal Hugo E. Solís-Correa Anne Laure Bussy Pedro Avila-Pérez Sergio Martínez Delgadillo 《Biological trace element research》2010,135(1-3):121-135
Due to the problem of contamination in the Jose Antonio Alzate dam, located in the State of Mexico, Mexico, the partition coefficient, the contamination degree, and the ecological risk index of nine metals were calculated in order to establish the water quality in different areas of the Alzate dam. The sampling sites were selected according to the river flow into the dam, via three sampling programs, the physical–chemical parameters were measured in situ, and the samples were collected to measure metals in the dissolved phase and also as suspended particulate matter. Thomann’s model was used to calculate the partition coefficient. Håkanson’s methodology was used to determine the degree of contamination and the ecological risk index. Finally, the water quality criteria for the dissolved metals were calculated. The results for suspended particulate matter suggest a moderate risk of metal contamination in the dam. Copper and lead in dissolved form exceeded the values of water quality criteria. 相似文献
9.
Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterium, causes bovine anaplasmosis responsible for significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Various major outer membranes have been described, and VirB9, a type IV secretion system protein, has been recently indicated as a candidate in vaccine development against anaplasmosis. The virB9 gene of an A. marginale strain isolated in Paraná, Brazil, was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced; its cloning into the pETSUMO vector produced a virB9-SUMO-6x His fusion gene construct. This recombinant clone was over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the expressed fusion protein was solubilized with urea and purified with an Ni-NTA column. This method produced a relatively high yield of rVirB9. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by VirB9 showed 99% homology to A. marginale isolates from St. Maries. rVirB9 was recognized by serum from cattle immunized with PR1 strain and by bovine sera infected with heterologous strains, showing that rVirB9 has conserved epitopes, which suggests that rVirB9 could be useful for the development of a vaccine against anaplasmosis. 相似文献
10.
In a study of the relationship of clinical impression regarding syphilis and age, sex and pregnancy status to treponemal serologic test reactivity, it was noted that in diagnostic “problem cases” the standard lipid serologic test titers did not differentiate between syphilitic and biologic false positive reactors. Preliminary data indicated that heroin addiction may be a source of biologic false reactions and that pregnant women with standard serologic test reactivity have a lower treponemal reactivity rate than other women with lipid serologic reactivity. 相似文献
11.
A J Fernandes E Chiari C Casanova J C Dias A J Romanha 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》1992,87(2):285-289
In the Epidemiological Surveillance Program in the county of Bambuí, Minas Gerais, between August 1986 and December 1988, 154 Panstrongylus megistus were captured by the local population in both peridomicile and intradomicile environments. Fifteen (9.8%) of the P. megistus harboured Trypanosoma cruzi. Precipitin tests showed that the most frequent triatomine blood meal sources were birds, but other sources were dogs, men and cats. The isoenzyme characterization of 13 T. cruzi strains showed that six belonged to zymodeme Z1, corresponding to the wild cycle parasites, and seven belonged to zymodeme Z2, corresponding to parasites isolated from chronic chagasic patients (domestic cycle). As P. megistus were found to be naturally infected by parasites from both cycles. They are clearly able to transmit T. cruzi from the wild cycle to the domestic cycle. Furthermore the capacity of P. megistus in colonizing houses was observed in one residence, vacant for several years, in which 153 triatomines were captured. The data show the possibility of P. megistus reintroducing the natural transmission of Chagas' disease in the county if Epidemiological Surveillance is interrupted. 相似文献
12.
Raynner RD Barboza Wedson de MS Souto José da S Mourão 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2007,3(1):1-14
Background
Viewed through the micro focus of an interpretive lens, medical anthropology remains mystified because interpretivist explanations seriously downplay the given context in which individual health seeking-behaviours occur. This paper draws upon both the interpretivist and political economy perspectives to reflect on the ethno medical practices within the Korean-Australian community in Sydney.Methods
We draw on research data collected between 1995 and 1997 for an earlier study of the use of biomedical and traditional medicine by Korean-Australians in Sydney. A total of 120 interviews were conducted with a range of participants, including biomedical doctors, traditional health professionals, Korean community leaders and Korean migrants representing a range of socio-economic backgrounds and migration patterns.Results and Discussion
First, the paper highlights the extent to which the social location of migrants in a host society alters or restructures their initial cultural practices they bring with them. Second, taking hanbang medicine in the Korean-Australian community as an illustrative case, the paper explores the transformation of the dominant biomedicine in Australia as a result of the influx of ethnomedicine in the era of global capitalism and global movement.Conclusion
In seeking to explain the popularity and supply of alternative health care, it is important to go beyond the culture of each kind of health care itself and to take into consideration the changes occurring at societal, national and global levels as well as consequential individual response to the changes. New social conditions influence the choice of health care methods, including herbal/alternative medicine, health foods and what are often called New Age therapies. 相似文献13.
Adriana Costa Guimarães Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes Helem Ferreira Ribeiro Ândrea Kelly Ribeiro dos Santos Plínio Cerqueira dos Santos Cardoso Patrícia Lima de Lima Aline Damasceno Seabra Thaís Brilhante Pontes Claudia Pessoa Manoel Odorico de Moraes Bruno Coelho Cavalcanti Carla Maria Lima Sombra Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia Rommel Rodríguez Burbano 《Cell biology and toxicology》2010,26(5):403-419
Uranium is a natural radioactive metallic element; its effect on the organism is cumulative, and chronic exposure to this element can induce carcinogenesis. Three cities of the Amazon region—Monte Alegre, Prainha, and Alenquer—in North Brazil, are located in one of the largest uranium mineralization areas of the world. Radon is a radioactive gas, part of uranium decay series and readily diffuses through rock. In Monte Alegre, most of the houses are built of rocks removed from the Earth’s crust in the forest, where the uranium reserves lie. The objective of the present work is to determine the presence or absence of genotoxicity and risk of carcinogenesis induced by natural exposure to uranium and radon in the populations of these three cities. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CA) showed no statistically significant differences between the control population and the three study populations (P > 0.05). MN was also analyzed using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, with a centromere-specific probe. No clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects were found in the populations. Using FISH analysis, other carcinogenesis biomarkers were analyzed, but neither the presence of the IGH/BCL2 translocation nor an amplification of the MYC gene and 22q21 region was detected. Clastogenicity and DNA damage were also not found in the populations analyzed using the alkaline comet assay. The mitotic index showed no cytotoxicity in the analyzed individuals’ lymphocytes. Once we do not have data concerning radiation doses from other sources, such as cosmic rays, potassium, thorium, or anthropogenic sources, it is hard to determine if uranium emissions in this geographic region where our study population lives are too low to cause significant DNA damage. Regardless, genetic analyses suggest that the radiation in our study area is not high enough to induce DNA alterations or to interfere with mitotic apparatus formation. It is also possible that damages caused by radiation doses undergo cellular repair. 相似文献
14.
Pinto GR Overal DJ Moraes LS Van Den Berg AV Lemos JA Smith Mde A Burbano RR 《Genetics and molecular research : GMR》2005,4(1):18-30
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic diseases characterized by medullary dysplasia, cytopenias, and frequent evolution to acute myeloid leukemia. In 1982, the French-American-British (FAB) group proposed a classification for the MDS, based on morphological characteristics of peripheral blood and of the bone marrow. Later, cytogenetics proved to be a useful tool for the refinement of prognosis, through the use of the International Prognosis Score System (IPSS), as well as through evidence of clonality. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a new classification for the MDS, based on significant modifications of the FAB proposal, with the inclusion of chromosome analysis. A cytogenetic analysis was made of 17 patients with symptoms of MDS in the State of Para, based on WHO recommendations, and application of the IPSS. Good metaphases were obtained for 13 patients; 12 had a normal karyotype and only one had a clonal abnormality, del(3)(p25). The genes related to neoplastic processes that have been mapped to 3p are: XPC in 3p25.1 and FANCD2 and VHL in 3p25-26. Four patients had classic symptoms of MDS; in the rest the possibility of MDS was excluded or several months of observation before diagnosis were recommended. Among those with MDS, it was not possible to apply IPSS and WHO recommendations, because fundamental data were lacking, specifically the medullary blast and ring sideroblast counts. We advocate the implementation of routine cytogenetic analyses for the study of MDS, especially in patients with moderate hematopoietic dysplasia. 相似文献
15.
Gerson Laurindo Barbosa Maria Rita Donalísio Celso Stephan Roberto Wagner Louren?o Valmir Roberto Andrade Marylene de Brito Arduino Virgilia Luna Castor de Lima 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2014,8(5)
Dengue fever is a major public health problem worldwide, caused by any of four virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4; Flaviviridae: Flavivirus), transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. Reducing the levels of infestation by A. aegypti is one of the few current strategies to control dengue fever. Entomological indicators are used by dengue national control program to measure the infestation of A. aegypti, but little is known about predictive power of these indicators to measure dengue risk. In this spatial case-control study, we analyzed the spatial distribution of the risk of dengue and the influence of entomological indicators of A. aegypti in its egg, larva-pupa and adult stages occurring in a mid-size city in the state of São Paulo. The dengue cases were those confirmed by the city''s epidemiological surveillance system and the controls were obtained through random selection of points within the perimeter of the inhabited area. The values of the entomological indicators were extrapolated for the entire study area through the geostatistical ordinary kriging technique. For each case and control, the respective indicator values were obtained, according with its geographical coordinates and analyzed by using a generalized additive model. Dengue incidence demonstrated a seasonal behavior, as well as the entomological indicators of all mosquito''s evolutionary stages. The infestation did not present a significant variation in intensity and was not a limiting or determining factor of the occurrence of cases in the municipality. The risk maps of the disease from crude and adjusted generalized additive models did not present differences, suggesting that areas with the highest values of entomological indicators were not associated with the incidence of dengue. The inclusion of other variables in the generalized additive models may reveal the modulatory effect for the risk of the disease, which is not found in this study. 相似文献
16.
Espíndola EL Matsumura-Tundisi T Rietzler AC Tundisi JG 《Revista brasileira de biologia》2000,60(2):179-194
With the purpose of analyzing the horizontal distribution of the zooplankton community of the Tucuruí Reservoir in the State of Pará, Brazil, collections were made at 16 stations during August 1988. The stations cover the regions called Caraipé (C), Ara?agi (B) and Arar?o (A), and represent the different compartments of this ecosystem in regard to the morphometry and the presence or absence of "flooded forest". Our findings showed the existence of three compartments with different limnological characteristics determined as a function of the system's morphometry, a factor that may have influenced the horizontal circulation of the reservoir's water and, consequently, led to physical, chemical and biological differences at each of the sampled stations. All the stations presented physical and chemical stratification and layers of total anoxia or reduced concentrations of oxygen dissolved at depths corresponding to the limit of the euphotic zone. With regard to the zooplankton, a differentiated distribution that was mainly quantitative was found among the compartments (density of organisms and proportion among the species) in the case of Cladocera and Copepoda, and basically qualitative in the case of Rotifera. On the other hand, the greatest densities of organisms for all the groups were recorded at the Caraipé stations. As for the spatial distribution, some species were more restricted or more abundant at given stations. Among the Cladocera, there was a greater abundance of Moina minuta, Bosmina hagmani and Bosminopsis deitersi at the Ara?agi stations, while C. cornuta intermedia, C. cornuta rigaudi and C. cornuta cornuta were more plentiful in the Caraipé and Diaphanosoma birgei in the Arar?o. Among the Rotifera, Trochosphaera aequatoriales and Lecane proiecta, Ascomorpha ecaudis, besides Polyartha cf vulgaris were restricted, respectively, to the Caraipé, Ara?agi and Arar?o stations, while the others, such as Keratella americana and Collotheca sp., were more broadly distributed. As regards Copepoda Calanoida, the dominating species was found to be Notodiaptomus maracaibenses, followed by Notodiaptomus henseni and Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi. The most abundant Cyclopoda species was Thermocyclops minutus, although Thermocyclops decipiens, Mesocyclops longisetus, Mesocyclops meridianus e Metacyclops sp. were also found. 相似文献
17.
Distribution of stream macroalgae in the northwest region of São Paulo State,southeastern Brazil 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Orlando Necchi Jr Ciro C. Z. Branco Rita C. G. Simão Luis H. Z. Branco 《Hydrobiologia》1995,299(3):219-230
Forty-four stream segments were sampled from May to October in 1992 and 1993 in the northwest region of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil (19°45–21°25S, 49°05–51°30S). Thirty-six macroalgal subgeneric taxa were found and Chlorophyta was the dominant algal group (47% species), followed by Cyanophyta (33.5%), Rhodophyta (14%) and Chrysophyta (5.5%). The most widespread species wereStigeoclonium helveticum (25% sites),Batrachospermum delicatulum andCompsopogon coeruleus (20.5%). Distribution was patchy, with species number per sampling site ranging from 0 to six (3.1 ± 1.7) and correlated positively with species abundance. Species cover ranged from 0 to 61% of the stream bottom (19.1 ± 19.7%). Most sites (57%) were dominated by one or two macroalgae species. No significant difference was found between the frequency distribution of variables measured for streams and for total macroalgae, but the most widespread species differed for most parameters and occurred over wider ranges of environmental conditions. Mean species number and abundance were close to values found in distinct regions or biomes of North America. Higher conductance and lower oxygen values, as well as rocky substrata, generally constituted the most favourable combination of conditions for the development of macroalgae in the region. The pattern of strong dominance of few species was considered to be typical for stream macroalgal communities in general. 相似文献
18.
19.
Pontes ZB Ramos AL Lima Ede O Guerra Mde F Oliveira NM Santos JP 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2002,97(5):747-750
White piedra is a superficial mycoses characterized by nodules on the hair shaft, caused by the basidiomycetous yeasts. In the present study, clinical and mycological findings of scalp white piedra caused by Trichosporon spp. are related. Twenty three cases of scalp white piedra were observed with a high incidence in women (87%) and preschool children from 2 to 6 (74%) years old. These groups presented a relationship of dependence with this infection. Despite the low socio-economic status, poor standards of hygiene, (48% of the patients) as well as the fact that 30.4% of the children shared the same nursery, these factors were not significant for the transmission of the mycosis. These were the first reports of scalp white piedra in Jo?o Pessoa city, Paraíba, Brazil. 相似文献
20.
A study of the associations between three species of rodents in the Atlantic forest and their parasitic arthropods was undertaken at the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, located in the State of S?o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from March 1989 to February 1990. Individuals of three species, Oryzomys russatus, Proechimys iheringi and Nectomys squamipes were captured and examined for ectoparasites. Eleven species of parasitic arthropods were found, including four species of insects and seven of Acari. Parasitism intensity, phenology, and rainfall were positively correlated with the abundance of the ectoparasites and their hosts. The most abundant host was O. russatus (Muridae: Sigmodontinae), and the most common parasite on it was the laelapid mite Gigantolaelaps oudemansi. The cuterebrid Metacuterebra apicalis caused myiasis in O. russatus. A mutualistic association between the staphylinid beetle Amblyopinus sp. and its host P. iheringi (Echimyidae) was observed. The few N. squamipes captured had small numbers of ectoparasites. 相似文献