共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Improving the efficiency of isolated microspore culture in six-row spring barley: I-optimization of key physical factors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Key message
An improved isolated microspore culture protocol alleviating the recalcitrance typically observed in six-row spring barley was developed by optimizing four key physical factors to increase embryogenesis and reduce albinism.Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) plants are completely homozygous individuals that can be generated in just a few months via androgenesis in vitro. DHs are useful tools in genetic research and in plant breeding. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is the most efficient way to produce DHs, but a strong genotype dependency imposes limitations to its wide application. Six-row, spring barley genotypes are considered as particularly recalcitrant due to a low frequency of embryogenesis and a high rate of albinism. Seeking to develop an efficient IMC protocol for this type of barley, we explored four important factors: (1) the harvest stage of immature spikes, (2) the type of pretreatment applied, (3) the osmotic potential in the induction medium, and (4) the plating density of microspores. This work was first performed using four barley genotypes: two typical six-row spring cultivars (ACCA and Léger), a two-row spring (Gobernadora) and a two-row winter (Igri) cultivar. First, by optimizing the harvest stage for each genotype we obtained a twofold to fourfold increase in the yield of embryogenic microspores. Second, two pretreatments (0.3 M mannitol for 2 days, or a combination of cold and heat over 15 days) both performed significantly better than the commonly used cold pretreatment (28 days at 4 °C). Third, an induction medium-containing mannitol (32 g/l) doubled green plant regeneration. Fourth, a plating density of 106 microspores/ml yielded the highest number of green regenerated plants. Our most important findings were then confirmed using sets of F1s from a six-row, spring-type breeding program. 相似文献2.
Thirty-two barley cultivars grown in Spain, 18 of the two-row type and 14 of the six-row type, were screened for plant regeneration
from cultured immature embryos. Although there was much variation in regeneration capacity among the cultivars, plants were
obtained from all cultivars except Almunia. No statistical differences were found in the percentage of regeneration between
two- and six-row types. The influence of the auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, and picloram on the induction
and maintenance of embryogenesis and regeneration capacity after 3–4 months in culture, were evaluated for cultivars Cobra,
Hop and Reinette. Hop had the highest rates of maintenance of embryogenic capacity and plant regeneration. The medium containing
dicamba gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. Five regeneration media, differing in growth
regulators and micronutrient composition, as well as partial desiccation of the calli before regeneration, were tested. The
regeneration medium containing 10 μm copper sulfate gave the best results. Regeneration frequencies after 3–4 months in culture of cultivar Hop were raised from
59.5 to 93.7% in this medium. Silver nitrate and partial desiccation of the calli also enhanced plant regeneration, but the
medium containing 10 μm of silver nitrate reduced root formation.
Received: 30 October 1997 / Revision received: 3 April 1998 / Accepted: 17 April 1998 相似文献
3.
Li Yi Zhang Suzanne Marchand Nicholas A. Tinker François Belzile 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(1):43-52
Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) on a genome-wide level in Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Approximately 1,000 DArT markers were polymorphic and scored with high confidence among a collection of 170 barley lines composed mostly of Canadian cultivars and breeding lines. The reproducibility of DArT markers proved very high, as 99.9% of allele calls were identical among seven replicated samples. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of DArT markers ranged between 0.04 and 0.50 with an average of 0.38. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), most lines fell into one of two major groups reflecting inflorescence type (two-row versus six-row). Within these two large groups, evidence of geographic clustering of genotypes was also observed. A cluster analysis Unweighted Pair Group Method with Algorithmic Mean suggested the existence of three subgroups within the two-row group and four subgroups within the six-row group. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) genetic variance within subgroups, among subgroups, and among groups. Values of LD, expressed as r 2, declined with increasing genetic distance, and mean values of r 2 fell below 0.2 for markers located 2.6 cM apart. Approximately 8% of marker pairs located on the same chromosome and 3.4% of pairs located on different chromosomes were in LD (r 2 > 0.2). Within both the subsets of two-row and six-row lines, LD extended slightly further (3.5 cM) than for the entire set, while 7.5% of intra-chromosomal locus pairs and <2% of inter-chromosomal pairs were in LD. We discuss the implications of these findings with regard to the prospects of association mapping of complex traits in barley. 相似文献
4.
Mohsen Mohammadi Jeffrey B. Endelman Sindhu Nair Shiaoman Chao Stephen S. Jones Gary J. Muehlbauer Steven E. Ullrich Byung-Kee Baik Mitchell L. Wise Kevin P. Smith 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2014,34(3):1229-1243
A renewed interest in breeding barley specifically for food end-uses is being driven by increased consumer interest in healthier foods. We conducted association mapping on physicochemical properties of barley that play a role in food quality and processing including grain hardness, polyphenol oxidase activity, total phenolics, amylose content, and β-glucan. We used 3,069 elite two-row and six-row spring barley breeding lines from eight US breeding programs and 2,041 SNP markers for association mapping. Marker–trait associations were identified using a mixed model that incorporated population structure and kinship. We detected two previously identified QTL for grain hardness on chromosome 2H in the telomeric region of 5H along with two novel regions on 4H and 6H. For amylose content, we detected marker–trait associations on 7H from 0.63 to 30 cM. We detected four regions on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, and 4H associated with polyphenol oxidase activity. The chromosome 2H region co-localized with the two previously mapped polyphenol oxidase genes PPO1 and PPO2, and the regions on chromosomes 1H, 3H, and 4H QTL were novel. For total phenolics, we identified three significant regions on 3H, 4H, and 5H. Two regions on 2H and 7H were associated with β-glucan. Both previously identified and novel QTL are segregating in elite US breeding germplasm. Only three of the 24 SNPs that were associated with traits using either the two-row or six-row mapping panel were identified in both panels. Nine SNPs were detected in the individual two-row or six-row panels that were not detected in the analysis using the complete panel and accounting for population structure. The distribution of favorable alleles at these loci that underpin food quality across the breeding programs suggests several strategies to use markers to improve barley for food uses. 相似文献
5.
Mohsen?Mohammadi Thomas?K.?Blake Allen?D.?Budde Shiaoman?Chao Patrick?M.?Hayes Richard?D.?Horsley Donald?E.?Obert Steven?E.?Ullrich Kevin?P.?Smith
Key message
We report malt quality QTLs relevant to breeding with greater precision than previous mapping studies. The distribution of favorable alleles suggests strategies for marker-assisted breeding and germplasm exchange.Abstract
This study leverages the breeding data of 1,862 barley breeding lines evaluated in 97 field trials for genome-wide association study of malting quality traits in barley. The mapping panel consisted of six-row and two-row advanced breeding lines from eight breeding populations established at six public breeding programs across the United States. A total of 4,976 grain samples were subjected to micro-malting analysis and mapping of nine quality traits was conducted with 3,072 SNP markers distributed throughout the genome. Association mapping was performed for individual breeding populations and for combined six-row and two-row populations. Only 16 % of the QTL we report here had been detected in prior bi-parental mapping studies. Comparison of the analyses of the combined two-row and six-row panels identified only two QTL regions that were common to both. In total, 108 and 107 significant marker-trait associations were identified in all six-row and all two-row breeding programs, respectively. A total of 102 and 65 marker-trait associations were specific to individual six-row and two-row breeding programs, respectively indicating that most marker-trait associations were breeding population specific. Combining datasets from different breeding program resulted in both the loss of some QTL that were apparent in the analyses of individual programs and the discovery of new QTL not identified in individual programs. This suggests that simply increasing sample size by pooling samples with different breeding history does not necessarily increase the power to detect associations. The genetic architecture of malting quality and the distribution of favorable alleles suggest strategies for marker-assisted selection and germplasm exchange.6.
In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the traits of the two-row spike, the high rate of plant tillering, and the high capacity for multiple plant regeneration (MPR) in a callus culture of immature embryos were shown to correlate. When a dihaploid line (DH) obtained from cv. Golden Promise (two-row spike, high number of thillers) was crossed to a DH line from cv. Bruce (six-row spike, low number of thillers), the two-row trait dominated the F1 generation, whereas, in F2, the segregation ratio was 3 : 1. From F3 progeny, we isolated the families comprising two-row homo- and heterozygotes and six-row homozygotes. In an F3 hybrid population, the two-row plants manifested higher tillering and MPR rates as compared to the six-row plants. The correlation between the traits of the two-row spike, the high tillering, and the high MPR capacity may depend on the pleiotropic V gene, which controls the general mechanisms of meristem functioning essential for the development of these three traits. 相似文献
7.
Background
Archaeobotanical samples of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) found at Qasr Ibrim display a two-row phenotype that is unique to the region of archaeological sites upriver of the first cataract of the Nile, characterised by the development of distinctive lateral bracts. The phenotype occurs throughout all strata at Qasr Ibrim, which range in age from 3000 to a few hundred years.Methodology and Findings
We extracted ancient DNA from barley samples from the entire range of occupancy of the site, and studied the Vrs1 gene responsible for row number in extant barley. Surprisingly, we found a discord between the genotype and phenotype in all samples; all the barley had a genotype consistent with the six-row condition. These results indicate a six-row ancestry for the Qasr Ibrim barley, followed by a reassertion of the two-row condition. Modelling demonstrates that this sequence of evolutionary events requires a strong selection pressure.Conclusions
The two-row phenotype at Qasr Ibrim is caused by a different mechanism to that in extant barley. The strength of selection required for this mechanism to prevail indicates that the barley became locally adapted in the region in response to a local selection pressure. The consistency of the genotype/phenotype discord over time supports a scenario of adoption of this barley type by successive cultures, rather than the importation of new barley varieties associated with individual cultures. 相似文献8.
Muhammad Asif François Eudes Harpinder Randhawa Eric Amundsen Jay Yanke Dean Spaner 《Plant cell reports》2013,32(10):1637-1646
Key message
Cefotaxime (100 mg/l) mitigate occasional gram negative bacterial contamination in wheat and triticale microspore culture and most importantly it increases cell growth and green plant production.Abstract
Isolated microspore culture is a promising option to rapidly fix the product of meiotic recombination of F1 hybrids, in the process of varietal development. Clean culture and high embryogenesis rate are essential to commercial triticale and wheat microspore cultures. So, this study investigated (1) contaminants from isolated microspores cultures, (2) two antibiotics to control bacterial growth, and (3) the contribution of antibiotics to increased microspore-derived embryo-like structures (ELS), green and albino plants. Five species of bacteria were identified in contaminated cultures (Erwinia aphidicola, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus warneri) using fatty acid analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences analysis, and yeast. Antibacterial susceptibility test using Cefotaxime and Vancomycin resulted in strong inhibition of 24 bacterial isolates, using Cefotaxime at 100 mg/l, but not Pseudomonas sp. Other antibiotic treatments inhibited bacterial growth at least partially. Microspore induction medium supplemented with the same antibiotics treatments resulted in successful microspore embryogenesis and green plant production. Antibiotic treatments were first tested in triticale and then validated in wheat cultivars AC Carberry and AC Andrew. Induction medium supplemented with Cefotaxime at 50 and 100 mg/l substantially increased the formation of ELS and green plants in triticale and wheat, respectively. Incidentally, it also affected the occurrence of albinism in all genotypes. Our results demonstrated dual purpose of Cefotaxime for isolated microspore culture, most importantly it increases cell growth and success of microspore cultures in triticale and wheat genotypes, but would also prevent accidental loss of cultures with most common bacterial contaminants. 相似文献9.
P. Y. Jui T. M. Choo K. M. Ho T. Konishi R. A. Martin 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(5):549-556
A study was conducted on a two-row/six-row cross of barley to (1) determine the yield potential, (2) detect epistasis and
genetic correlations, (3) estimate the heritabilities of six agronomic traits, and (4) study the effect of the V locus on the agronomic traits in the barley cross. The effects of five other marker loci (Re2, s, R, Est1, and Est5) on the six agronomic traits were also studied. One hundred and ninety doubled-haploid (DH) lines were derived from a ‘Leger’/CI9831
cross using the bulbosum method. The DH lines and the two parents were tested for grain yield, test weight, seed weight, plant
height, lodging, and heading/maturity at two locations in Eastern Canada in 1993. Additive×additive epistasis and genetic
correlations were detected for some of the agronomic traits. Many of the heritability estimates were high; however, significant
progress in yield improvement would be difficult to achieve because of a low mean yield of the DH lines. Under the growing
conditions in Eastern Canada, six-row lines outyielded two-row by 20–27%. Six-row lines, however, were associated with low
test weight, low seed weight, and severe lodging. Some two-row lines yielded higher than the two-row parent CI9831, but none
of the six-row lines yielded higher than the six-row parent ‘Leger’. The R, s, and Est5 loci were associated with the six agronomic traits, but the Est1 locus was apparently not associated with the agronomic traits. The effect of the Re2 locus was probably due to its close linkage with the V locus. Further studies are needed to determine if superior six-row lines can be developed from two-row/six-row crosses.
Received: 19 September 1996 / Accepted: 18 October 1996 相似文献
10.
11.
Muhammad Asif François Eudes Aakash Goyal Eric Amundsen Harpinder Randhawa Dean Spaner 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2013,49(5):489-497
Low frequency of green plant production and albinism limits the use of isolated microspore culture (IMC) in cereal breeding programs. The present study was conducted in triticale and bread wheat IMC to increase the production of green plants and minimize albinism. NPB-99?+?10% Ficoll induction medium was supplemented with mitochondrial or plastid antioxidants, in a completely random design, to evaluate their contribution to successful microspore embryogenesis and green plant production. Each group of antioxidants was tested independently: first in triticale and then validated in various spring wheat genotypes. While the response differed by wheat genotype, induction medium supplemented with proline (10 mM) yielded a greater number of embryos/embryo-like structures and green plants in both triticale and wheat. No differences were found with respect to albinism in triticale or wheat except for the cv. Sadash. Among plastid antioxidants tested, glutathione (2 μM) proved to be the best antioxidant to increase embryo and green plant production. Salicylic acid also helped to reduce the number of albino plants in triticale and the wheat genotype SWS366. Overall, induction medium supplemented with proline or glutathione enhanced microspore embryogenesis in both triticale and wheat and increased the number of green plants in the recalcitrant genotypes. 相似文献
12.
The culture response of isolated microspores of seven recalcitrant cultivars of barley has been largely improved by identifying an appropriate pretreatment and utilizing ovary co-cultivation. After comparison of three pretreatment media, medium B was shown to be most efficient for inducing microspore embryogenesis, while 0.3 M mannitol frequently used for the responsive cv. Igri was found to be ineffective for recalcitrant genotypes. A further significant improvement of embryogenesis was achieved by using ovary co-culture, which resulted in an overall 2.1-fold increase in embryo formation and 2.4-fold increase in green plant regeneration from all cultivars compared with the control. Optimal co-culture conditions were identified as 5 ovaries/ml medium kept over 20 days in induction culture. Microspore plating densities in cultures with and without co-culture were found to be optimal at 4᎒4/ml and 8-12᎒4/ml, respectively. The most effective and reproducible method for culturing microspores of recalcitrant genotypes appeared to be the combination of medium B pretreatment with ovary co-culture. By using this procedure, the genotypic difference in microspore embryogenesis could be reduced. It was found that medium B mainly enhanced percent live embryogenic microspores, and ovary co-culture subsequently improved cell division and embryogenic development. The method described here is important for the application of the microspore culture technique to barley breeding and biotechnology. 相似文献
13.
Yahiaoui S Igartua E Moralejo M Ramsay L Molina-Cano JL Ciudad FJ Lasa JM Gracia MP Casas AM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,116(2):271-282
The pool of Western Mediterranean landraces has been under-utilised for barley breeding so far. The objectives of this study
were to assess genetic diversity in a core collection of inbred lines derived from Spanish barley landraces to establish its
relationship to barleys from other origins, and to correlate the distribution of diversity with geographical and climatic
factors. To this end, 64 SSR were used to evaluate the polymorphism among 225 barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) genotypes, comprising two-row and six-row types. These included 159 landraces from the Spanish barley core collection (SBCC)
plus 66 cultivars, mainly from European countries, as a reference set. Out of the 669 alleles generated, a large proportion
of them were unique to the six-row Spanish barleys. An analysis of molecular variance revealed a clear genetic divergence
between the six-row Spanish barleys and the reference cultivars, whereas this was not evident for the two-row barleys. A model-based
clustering analysis identified an underlying population structure, consisting of four main populations for the whole genotype
set, and suggested further possible subdivision within two of these populations. Most of the six-row Spanish landraces clustered
into two groups that corresponded to geographic regions with contrasting environmental conditions. The existence of wide genetic
diversity in Spanish germplasm, possibly related to adaptation to a broad range of environmental conditions, and its divergence
from current European cultivars confirm its potential as a new resource for barley breeders, and make the SBCC a valuable
tool for the study of adaptation in barley.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
Muhammad Asif François Eudes Harpinder Randhawa Eric Amundsen Dean Spaner 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2014,116(1):125-130
Isolated microspore culture (IMC) has been used to develop doubled haploid lines and to generate homozygous lines in a single generation for varietal development. Phytosulfokine has been previously used in promoting cell growth and embryo development in various systems. In this study, phytosulfokine alpha (PSK-α) supplemented IMC induction medium was evaluated in triticale and wheat cultivars, and the production of embryo-like structures (ELS), green and albino plants were recorded. In addition, the contribution of ovary co-culture was also evaluated in IMC on a NPB99 + 10F induction medium. Over a range of concentrations up to 10?7M, PSK-α yielded more ELS and green plants in wheat and triticale cultivars at the highest dose, when compared to the control. It also minimized albinism in wheat cultivars, but not in triticale. Interestingly, 10?7M PSK-α also supported the formation of a large number of embryos and a few green plants in the absence of nursing ovaries. 相似文献
15.
A two-step protocol for the induction of shoots from Alstroemeria leaf explants has been developed. Leaf explants with stem node tissue attached were incubated on shoot induction medium for
10 days, and then transferred to regeneration medium. Shoots from the area adjacent to the region between the leaf base and
node tissue regenerated within 3 weeks after transfer to the regeneration medium, without a callus phase. The best induction
was obtained with Murashige and Skoog medium containing 10 μm thidiazuron and 0.5 μm indole butyric acid. The regeneration medium contained 2.2 μm 6-benzylaminopurine. After several subcultures of the leaf explants with induced shoots, normal plantlets with rhizome were
formed. In Alstroemeria, the percentage of responding leaf explants is more important than the number of shoots regenerated per leaf explant, because
rhizome formation is the most important factor for micropropagation. The effect of other compounds in the induction medium,
including glucose, sucrose, silver nitrate, and ancymidol, on regeneration was also investigated.
Received: 14 June 1996 / Revision received: 27 September 1996 / Accepted: 20 October 1996 相似文献
16.
Cédric Jacquard Frédérique Nolin Carine Hécart Dace Grauda Isaak Rashal Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier Rajbir S. Sangwan Pierre Devaux Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre Christophe Clément 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(9):1329-1339
Albinism remains a major problem in cereal improvement programs that rely on doubled haploid (DH) technology, and the factors
controlling the phenomenon are not well understood. Here we report on the positive influence of copper on the production of
DH plants obtained through microspore embryogenesis (ME) in recalcitrant cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The presence of copper sulphate in the anther pre-treatment medium improved green DH plant regeneration from cultivars
known to produce exclusively albino plants using classical procedures. In plastids, the effect of copper was characterized
by a decrease in starch and a parallel increase in internal membranes. The addition of copper sulphate in the ME pre-treatment
medium should enable breeders to exploit the genetic diversity of recalcitrant cultivars through DH technology. We examined
programmed cell death (PCD) during microspore development to determine whether PCD may interfere with the induction of ME
and/or the occurrence of albinism. By examining the fate of nuclei in various anther cell layers, we demonstrated that the
kinetics of PCD in anthers differed between the barley cultivars Igri and Cork that show a low and a high rate of albinism,
respectively. However, no direct correlation between PCD in the anther cell layers and the rate of albinism was observed and
copper had no influence on the PCD kinetic in these cultivars. It was concluded that albinism following ME was not due to
PCD in anthers, but rather to another unknown phenomenon that appears to specifically affect plastids during microspore/pollen
development. 相似文献
17.
Gunaratnam Thirukkumaran Valentine Otang Ntui Raham Sher Khan Masahiro Mii 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):109-115
Efficient shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation systems were developed for Petunia hybrida cv. Mitchell. Leaf explants of petunia were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) without auxin. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (52.1%) and mean number of shoots per explant (4.1) were obtained on medium containing 2 mg l?1 TDZ. Leaf explants inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pIG121Hm harboring ß-glucuronidase (uidA) and hygromycin resistance genes developed putative transformant shoots. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (22.5%) and mean number of transformant shoots per explant (2.4) were obtained on a selection medium consisting of the above described regeneration medium and containing 25 mg l?1 hygromycin as the selection agent. Approximately 95% of putative transformant shoots expressed the uidA gene following histochemical ß-glucuronidase (GUS) assay. These were confirmed to be transgenic by PCR analysis and Southern blot hybridization. 相似文献
18.
Dávid Polgári András Cseh Éva Szakács Katalin Jäger Márta Molnár-Láng László Sági 《Plant cell reports》2014,33(8):1323-1331
Key message
Hybrid plants and a high frequency of maternal haploids were obtained using an efficient wheat–barley hybridization system (with new genotype combinations) and confirmed by several cytological and molecular tools.Abstract
An efficient hybridization system between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is presented on the basis of three new genotype combinations. A particularly high, 14 % frequency of plant regeneration per florets was achieved in the wheat–barley genotype combination of ‘Sichuan’ × ‘Morex’. The genome composition in 42 of the 95 plants regenerated by embryo rescue was determined using ploidy analysis, genomic in situ hybridization and the application of chromosome arm-specific molecular markers (SSR and STS). A high overall frequency (76 %) of maternal (wheat) haploids was observed in all the tests for all three cross combinations. A major implication of this observation is that this new hybridization system represents a useful tool to study the mechanism of uniparental chromosome elimination in cereals. 相似文献19.
Dorota Weigt Angelika Kiel Jerzy Nawracała Mateusz Pluta Agnieszka Łacka 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2016,52(6):619-625
Solid-stemmed spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) are resistant to the stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) and lodging. Anthers of 24 spring wheat cultivars with varying content of pith in the stem were used in the experiment. All were classified into three groups: solid, medium–solid and hollow stems. There was considerable influence of the cultivar on callus formation and green plant regeneration. The highest efficiency of green plant regeneration (24%) was observed for the solid-stemmed AC Abbey cultivar. There was no regeneration from the explants of four cultivars: CLTR 7027, Alentejano, Marquis and Bombona. Principal component analysis showed no differences between the cases under observation (callus induction and green plant regeneration) in their response to pre-treatment temperatures (4 and 8°C). The examination of the effects of various auxin types in the induction medium on callus formation and green plant regeneration revealed that the strongest stimulation of these processes was observed in the C17 medium with 2,4-D and dicamba. The efficiency of callus formation and green plant regeneration was greater in solid-stemmed cultivars than in hollow-stemmed cultivars. 相似文献
20.
Myeong-Je Cho Emily Wu Jackie Kwan Maryanne Yu Jenny Banh Wutt Linn Ajith Anand Zhi Li Susan TeRonde James C. Register III Todd J. Jones Zuo-Yu Zhao 《Plant cell reports》2014,33(10):1767-1777