大劣按蚊四龄幼虫吞食四种按蚊幼虫的实验室观察

大劣按蚊四龄幼虫会吞食其它按蚊的一龄幼虫,在文献中未见有详细报道,在按蚊饲养中,我们对大劣按蚊吞食按蚊幼虫的情况作了较细致的观察,现报道如下。1 材料和方法大劣按蚊(Ancpheles dirus)采自海南,驯化成功后我所引入饲养;中华按蚊(An.sinensis)系1987年采自思茅城郊,实验室驯化品系;嗜人按蚊(An.anthropophagus)由贵阳     

黄斑阿蚊,毛抱阿蚊蛹及幼虫的记述

黄斑阿蚊、毛抱阿蚊蛹及幼虫的记述关键词黄斑阿蚊,毛抱阿蚊,蛹,幼虫董学书,周红宇,董利民,王学忠（云南省疟疾防治研究所,云南省思茅市６６５０００）ＤＥＳＣＲＩＰＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＰＵＰＡＡＮＤＬＡＲＶＡＯＦＡＲＭＩＧＥＲＥＳ（ＡＲＭＩＧＥＲＥＳ）Ｔ...     

黄鳝摄食蚊幼虫的研究

蚊虫是疟疾、丝虫病、流行性乙型脑炎和登革炎传播媒介,消灭蚊子有助于减少人类疾病的传染。然而 ,长期的化学药物防治使蚊虫产生抗药性 ,而且污染环境[2-4] ,因此有人进行生物防治的研究和应用,但国内外未见利用黄鳝灭蚊幼的报道。进行黄鳝摄食蚊幼虫的研究[5-10] ,可为生物灭蚊的研究提出一条新的思路 ,并积累基础资料。     

斯瓦局限蚊雌蚊、幼虫及蛹的记述

首次记述斯瓦局限蚊Topomyia(Topomyia) svastii Thurman的雌性,幼虫和蛹。     

BsC3-41杀蚊幼制剂对蚊幼虫毒杀效果研究

通过以BsC3-41杀蚊幼制剂对3种蚊幼虫进行生物活性测定和野外灭蚊试验,结果表明:该制剂对致乏库蚊Culex fatigans Wiedemann的毒杀效果最好、对中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann次之、对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus Skuse的效果较差,24小时LC50值分别为0.2025μg/ml、2.5363μg/ml和59.7302μg/ml.野外水体灭蚊使用3ml/m2的浓度防治淡色库蚊效果可达98.88%～100.00%,使用10ml/m2的浓度防治中华按蚊效果可达96.81%～100.00%,使用200ml/m2的浓度防治白纹伊蚊效果达到90.64%以上.     

钩介幼虫壳表面结构的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜技术研究了鱼尾楔蚌和圆顶珠蚌钩介幼虫的形态特征,并进行了比较．结果表明,两种蚌的钩介幼虫均为有钩型,幼虫的大小、形态、壳表面、壳钩、棘刺等存在着差异、对这些特征在分类学上的意义进行了讨论．     

应用两种罗索线虫防制按蚊和库蚊幼虫的现场试验

在峨眉市郊稻田、水坑和沼泽同时释放罗索线虫未定种(2000/m2)和豫南罗索线虫(3000/m2)。结果中华按蚊幼虫和三带喙库蚊幼虫的感染率分别为68.6%一87.0%和64.7%—76.9%。单独释放一种线虫的对照组结果表明,同时应用两种索线虫没有减弱二者各自的灭蚊效果,起到了联合杀灭上述两蚊种的作用。     

二带喙库蚊和中华库蚊夜间活动

二带喙库蚊(Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles,1901)和中华库蚊(C.sinensis Theobald,1903)的夜间活动情况,国内尚无报告。作者等曾在湖北均县作过观察。结果如后。二带喙库蚊:整夜均有活动,并有黄昏后与黎明前的活动高峰。但后者远不及前者为高(见表)。各月夜间活动不甚一致。但仍可看出蚊虫多时则有黎明前活动高峰,蚊虫少时,则无黎明前高峰出现。各月黄昏后高峰出现的迟早与日落有一定的关系。不同月相对二带喙库蚊的夜间活动有较明显的影响。即在上弦月时上半夜蚊虫活动频繁,满月夜时全夜均有一定数量的蚊虫活动,下弦月时则下半夜蚊虫活动…     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Culex modestus across Europe: does recent appearance in the United Kingdom reveal a tendency for geographical spread?

In mainland Europe, the mosquito species Culex modestus Ficalbi (1890) is a bridge vector for West Nile virus (WNV) from its natural bird-mosquito cycle to mammals. The present study assessed the genetic diversity of Cx. modestus, as well as related Culex species, using the mitochondrial COI DNA barcoding region and compared this with the population structure across Europe. A haplotype network was mapped to determine genealogical relationships among specimens. The intraspecific genetic diversity within individual Culex species was below 2%, whereas the interspecific genetic divergence varied from 2.99% to 13.74%. In total, 76 haplotypes were identified among 198 sequences. A median-joining network determined from 198 COI sequences identified two major lineages that were separated by at least four mutation steps. A high level of intraspecific genetic diversity was not detected in Cx. modestus in samples submitted from different European populations, which indicates that morphologically identified specimens represent a single species and not a species complex. Therefore, it is deduced that different populations of Cx. modestus will show a similar potential to transmit WNV, lending support to concerns that the population present in southeast England represents a risk of transmission to humans.     

Evidence for a population expansion in the West Nile virus vector Culex tarsalis

Population genetic structure of the West Nile Virus vector Culex tarsalis was investigated in 5 states in the western United States using 5 microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) gene. ND4 sequence analysis revealed a lack of isolation by distance, panmixia across all populations, an excess of rare haplotypes, and a star-like phylogeny. Microsatellites revealed moderate genetic differentiation and isolation by distance, with the largest genetic distance occurring between populations in southern California and New Mexico (F(ST) = 0.146). Clustering analysis and analysis of molecular variance on microsatellite data indicated the presence of 3 broad population clusters. Mismatch distributions and site-frequency spectra derived from mitochondrial ND4 sequences displayed pattern's characteristic of population expansion. Fu and Li's D* and F*, Fu's F(S), and Tajima's D statistics performed on ND4 sequences all revealed significant, negative deviations from mutation-drift equilibrium. Microsatellite-based multilocus heterozygosity tests showed evidence of range expansion in the majority of populations. Our results suggest that C. tarsalis underwent a range expansion across the western United States within the last 375,000-560,000 years, which may have been associated with Pleistocene glaciation events that occurred in the midwestern and western United States between 350,000 and 1 MYA.     

不同敌百虫抗性淡色库蚊幼虫中谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽转移酶的比较

本文比较了三种不同敌百虫抗性淡色库蚊的谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽转移酶的活力。结果表明谷胱甘肽含量随着从幼虫、蛹、成虫的发育面逐渐增加,敌百虫抗性品系比敏感晶系有明显高的谷胱甘肽转移酶的活力,同时敌百虫处理幼虫导致谷胱甘肽含量下降。推测敌百虫抗性可能同谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽转移酶活力增高有关。     

Septic tank mosquitoes: competition between species in central Nigeria

Exit traps, placed over the air vents of septic tanks, were used to examine species diversity and relative abundance of mosquitoes breeding in ammonia-rich waters of septic tanks. Of the six species found, Culex decens Theobald and Culex cinereus Theobald appeared to be competing successfully with Culex quinquefasciatus Say during the wet season but not during the long dry season. The seasonal timing of their displacement by Cx quinquefasciatus was variable and did not correlate well with climatic factors. The three other species present, generally during the wet season and early dry season, were Culex tigripes G. & C., Culex horridus Edwards and Aedes aegypt (L.). Experimental bucket ovitraps were used to assess preference towards covered (dark) septic tank water in comparison with sunlit septic tank water, covered and sunlit compost water. These were colonized by Cx quinquefasciatus, Cx decens, Ae. aegypti and Ae. vittatus Bigot. The covered septic tank water was more abundantly colonized by Cx quinquefasciatus and marginally so by the two Aedes species. Cx decens appeared to colonize the exposed compost water more readily in the dry season, but changed to the covered septic tank water in the wet season. The discussion centres around competition between these mosquitos species and concludes that it would be useful to know what environmental factors, or what aspects of competition, lead to severe natural reductions in the abundance of the major pest species Cx quinquefasciatus.     

光周期对三带喙库蚊发育期间体内核酸动态的影响

作者测试了长短光周期处理的三带喙库蚊Culex tritaeniornynchus(Giles)各虫态与滞育及解滞蚊体内RNA与DNA的变化.结果表明:幼虫与蛹核酸含量最高,成虫期变化比较稳定.短光周期可以降低该蚊发育期间核酸的合成作用.雌蚊卵形成期间DNA相对稳定,吸血后卵巢开始发育,RNA含量明显增加,36—48小时达到高峰,然后逐渐下降.10—15日龄的滞育蚊体内DNA比发育蚊低,解滞蚊RNA与DNA含量均比发育蚊为高.新蚊、发育、滞育与解滞蚊间DNA、RNA含量不同,DNA、RNA减少与增加可用作判断滞育发生与解除的一个生化指标.     

云南省致乏库蚊对四种杀虫剂的敏感性调查

云南省分别在１９７８—１９８１ 年和１９９２—１９９４ 年间开展了致乏库蚊对杀虫剂的敏感性调查。根据剂量死亡率回归线和区分剂量线相交点所处的位置, 判定１９７８ —１９８１ 年的抗性等级（ＬＣ５０ 测定） , 再与同一监测点１９９２—１９９４ 年抗性级（区分剂量法） 比较, 评估其敏感性。结果云南大部份地区致乏库蚊对ＤＤＴ、杀螟硫磷和敌百虫, 由敏感（Ｓ） 或初步抗性（Ｍ） 发展为初步抗性或抗性（Ｒ）, 原来的Ｒ种群仍保持不变; 但对马拉硫磷仍象１０ 多年前一样敏感。     

用溴氰菊酯选育抗敌百虫淡色库蚊的研究

将室内选育成功的抗敌百虫淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens Coq.品系(RD)分为二个分系,一个不再用敌百虫处理,称之为RD衰退品系(RD_139-x),34代后对敌百虫的敏感度增加了10倍,对溴氰菊酯的敏感度无显著变化.另一分系改用溴氰菊酯选育,命名为Rde品系,53代后对溴氰菊酯抗性达200倍左右,对敌百虫敏感度上升约10倍,对DDT的交互抗性高达118倍,对马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷的敏感度与敏感品系(SEN,上海昆虫所保存)比较也有上升,呈负交互抗性现象.用高剂量溴氰菊酯处理幼虫、也证明Rde在20分钟内麻痹率比敏感品系低,可见抗性机制主要是抗击倒因子(Kdr).但增效醚(Pb)对溴氰菊酯明显增效,可见mfo酶也起重要作用,推测抗性为多因子遗传.     

灭幼脲Ⅰ号对致倦库蚊幼虫磷酸酶活力的影响

本文用稍加改良的磷酸苯二钠法,测定了经灭幼脲Ⅰ号处理的致倦库蚊4龄期幼虫的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力的变化,发现被处理幼虫的这两种磷酸酶活力均受到影响。在整个4龄期,灭幼脲Ⅰ号对AKP活力的抑制都比较明显,抑制强度甚至达80％,对ACP活力的抑制则比较弱;但在化蛹前,当对照幼虫的ACP活力增高时,被处理幼虫的ACP活力却下降,致使两者活力也相差一倍以上。由于灭幼脲Ⅰ号对幼虫两种磷酸酶产生明显的抑制作用,从而导致幼虫的生长发育缓慢,幼虫4龄期延长,幼虫不能化蛹而终于死亡。