糜子EMS突变体库构建和突变体筛选北大核心CSCD

糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)具有抗旱、耐瘠、适应性广、生育期短等特点,是我国北方地区的杂粮作物。糜子高产品种不耐水肥、易倒伏,锄草、间苗费时费工的问题严重影响着农民对糜子生产的积极性和收入。EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)化学诱变方法成本低,操作简单,诱变率高,是作物育种的重要方法。本试验选用糜子品种伊选大红糜进行EMS化学诱变而构建突变体库,对获得的2333个M2材料进行突变频率和全生育期表型多样性等特征的分析。结果显示,所构建的糜子突变体库材料变异类型非常丰富,共发现104个形态性状突变株系,突变频率为4.5%,包括叶色、叶型、株高、生育期、育性、穗型、种皮颜色等性状,该突变体库的构建将为糜子功能基因组学研究和育种提供丰富的突变体资源和新型种质。     

利用原生质体诱变筛选碱性蛋白酶高产菌株

本实验以枯草杆菌ＡＸ—４６为出发菌株,在原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体,并对原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,对大量的再生突变株进行发酵筛选,获得高产菌株ＡＰ—１２,碱性蛋白酶产量由原来的３２００．８ｕ／ｍｌ提高到４３５３．１ｕ／ｍｌ,提高率达３６％。同时又对ＡＰ—１２菌株进行遗传稳定性考查,考查结果,ＡＰ—１２是高产稳定菌株。     

碱性纤维素酶革兰氏阴性菌株筛选及酶学性质研究

用CMC平板筛选方法,从造纸厂碱性淤泥中获得透明圈直径大于30mm的产碱性纤维素酶革兰氏阴性菌H8005。液体摇瓶培养产生碱性CMC酶活力高达4．2IU／mL。酶学性质初步研究显示,H8005产生的CMC酶反应的pH值以8．0左右为适;在碱性条件下具有较高的酶活和一定的稳定性;反应温度以55℃左右为宜;且具有较好的温度稳定性。Mn^2＋与Fe^3＋对酶反应有促进作用,Cu^2＋和Pb^2＋对酶反应有抑制作用。该菌产生的纤维素酶在棉织品的水洗整理及洗涤剂工业中具有非常良好的应用前景。     

绿色木霉原生质体诱变筛选纤维素酶高产菌株

以绿色木霉F264为出发菌株制备其原生质体,对其进行紫外线诱变处理,筛选出一株纤维素酶高产突变株绿色木霉F-UV264,其滤纸酶活由出发菌株的5.2IU/g干料提高到15.78IU/g干料,产酶能力提高了3倍。经过10代PDA斜面继代培养及发酵试验,表明该菌株是比原菌株更优秀的稳定高产株。     

纤维素酶高产菌株的诱变选育

以T_0为出发株,经理化因子的诱变处理,采用透明圈法,在含有制霉菌素浓度为20U(T_0在制霉菌素浓度大于20U时被抑制)的平板上挑取H_c值(透明圈直径与菌落直径之比)比较大的菌株进行探瓶复筛,测发酵液CMC酶活,得到酶活较高菌株N_6,N_1,D_5,U_(11),CMC酶活分别是T_0的5.4,2.9,3.0,1.8倍。     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究

通过对链霉素对南昌霉素（Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS－41－80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）的不同诱发剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素（10ug/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株。然后从3,000株链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高20％以上的菌株202株,再进一步通过摇瓶复筛,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高100％,200％,300％高产菌株为48株,7株和1株,分别为复筛菌和初筛菌株的23．76％和1．60％,3．46％和0．23％,0．5％和0．03％,将产素能力提高240％以上5个菌株连同出发菌株连续3批次进行摇瓶发酵结果,5个突变株的产素能力均比出发菌株的产素能力提高57％－96．4％,其中突变株80－5．3－165菌株摇瓶发酵单位达6,000ug/mL以上,3批次摇瓶平均发酵单位达5,855ug/mL,建立了南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变快速高效的筛选方法。     

佐夫色绿藻高产虾青素突变体的筛选及虾青素合成机理研究

为了提高佐夫色绿藻(Chromochloris zofingiensis)细胞内虾青素含量,研究通过甲基磺酸乙酯诱变构建了含有20000个单克隆的突变体库,并筛选出一株高产虾青素的突变体12C10。在异养正常培养条件下,当葡萄糖耗完时, 12C10虾青素含量比野生型提高74%;缺氮诱导第4天时,虾青素含量比野生型高25%。利用广泛靶向代谢组学分析在正常培养条件下12C10与野生型在代谢物水平上的差异。与野生型相比, 12C10中除谷氨酸外的氨基酸及脂肪酸的合成普遍下降,但是谷氨酸的水平显著提高。氨基酸和脂肪酸合成减少为虾青素合成提供更多的碳骨架、NADPH和ATP。谷氨酸的积累可能一方面刺激了磷酸戊糖途径中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性促进NADPH的产生,另一方面导致氧自由基产生促进虾青素合成。代谢物组分析结果还表明12C10中虾青素合成的增强可能与乙烯合成的增强有关。研究为进一步通过代谢调控提高C. zofingiensis虾青素含量奠定了基础,对指导C. zofingiensis虾青素积累新工艺的开发具有重要意义。     

土壤和空气中纤维素酶高产菌株的筛选

目的:分别从土壤和空气中分离纤维素分解菌株,以提高纤维素利用率。方法:将分离得到的菌株进行纯培养,并用刚果红染色,找出能出现透明圈的菌株,测定透明圈直径与菌落直径比,筛选产纤维素酶的菌株。结果:通过对比,从分离到的6株菌株中选出产纤维素酶活力高的2株,并对其进行鉴定,初步确定一株为曲霉属真菌,一株为放线菌。结论:本研究为提高纤维素利用率提供了微生物资源,为相关后续研究提供了物质和实验基础。     

紫外线诱变选育碱性蛋白酶高产菌株

本实验以枯草杆菌A4－3为出发菌株,发酵产生碱性蛋白酶,其野生型菌株产酶为2412u／ml。采用孢子热处理方法处理出发菌株孢子,得到变异株As—4,产酶2732．8u／ml。对As—4菌株进行紫外线绣变处理1min,得变异菌株AX—46,产酶为3213．8u／ml,且产酶能力稳定。     

植酸酶产生菌的抗性突变体的筛选

植酸酶产生菌原始出发菌株,黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ　ｎｉｇｅｒ）Ｇ２株,其在液体发酵时,其酶活可达２．６ＩＵ／ｍｌ发酵液,但离工业化生产相差甚远,必须进行菌株改良。诱变育种的方法及策略的设计必须建立在对目的菌株生理及其有关代谢途径的深入了解的基础上,菌株基因发生突变后常伴随着某些形态和生理特征的改变,如出现分泌色素,对初级代谢及次级代谢产物的调节作用解除,出现对某些抗生素的抗性和形成营养缺陷型等,而这些特征的出现常伴随着其产量的提高,并且两者具有一定的理论联系。因此这些特征常用于富集目的菌…     

Purification and characterization of an alkaline cellulase from a newly isolated alkalophilic Bacillus sp. HSH-810

An alkaline cellulase from Bacillus sp. HSH-810 was purified 8.7-fold with a 30% yield and a specific activity of 71 U mg^–1 protein. It was optimally active at pH 10 and 50 °C and was stable from pH 6 to 10 with more than 60% activity remaining after heating at 60 °C for 60 min. The molecular mass of cellulase was 80 kDa. It was inhibited by 50% by Fe³⁺ (1 mM) and Mn²⁺ (0.1 mM) but was relatively insensitive to Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ at 1 mM.Revisions requested: 8 October 2004/1 December 2004; Revisions received 29 November 2004/5 January 2005     

Partial purification and some properties of an alkaline cellulase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp.

A newly isolated Bacillus species, which grew optimally at 30°C and pH 10, produced a carboxymethylcellulase in a medium containing 10 g CM-cellulose/l. The enzyme, when partially purified by gel filtration, had a mass of about 29 kDa as determined by both SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography. It was optimally active at pH 9.5 and 40°C, and was stable from pH 7 to 11 at 4°C for 24 h. The enzyme was stimulated by Ca²⁺ (1mm) but was completely inhibited by Hg²⁺ (1mm). Neither EDTA nor EGTA (10mm) affected the activity.The author is with the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jordan. PO Box 2686, Amman 11181, Jordan     

Bleach-stable, alkaline protease from Bacillus sp.

A bleach-stable, thermotolerant, alkaline protease for detergent formulation from a newly isolated Bacillus SB5 is reported. Most (85%) activity of the enzyme was retained in the presence of 10% (v/v) H2O2 and 1% SDS (w/v) at 40°C, after 1 h. The enzyme was optimal at pH 10 and 60°C to 70°C. Enzyme activity was enhanced 30 to 80% in presence of ionic and non-ionic detergents, surfactants and commercial detergents or bleach.     

Tandem location of the cellulase genes on the chromosome of Bacillus sp. strain N-4

Abstract A 5.7-kb Eco RI DNA fragment has been isolated from Bacillus sp. strain N-4 chromosome DNA. This fragment contained both the pNK1-encoded cellulase ( celB ) gene and the pNK2-encoded cellulase ( celA ) gene which were highly homologous [13]. These results demonstrate the tandem location of these genes on the chromosomal DNA. The homologous sequence, which may play an important role for the gene duplication, were observed 5' upstream of the celA gene, between the celA and celB genes, and 3' downstream from the celB gene.     

碱性纤维素酶及其应用的研究进展

碱性纤维素酶在碱性条件下具有内切β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶活力,在加酶洗涤剂等行业具有重要的应用价值。目前已发现由芽孢杆菌和链霉菌产生的多种碱性纤维素酶,其中大部分的基因已被克隆、测序和表达,其催化反应特性、反应机理和应用也得到了较深入的研究。从碱性纤维素酶的产生菌、酶反应特性和反应机理、碱性纤维素酶的基因克隆和表达,以及碱性纤维素酶的应用等几个方面,介绍了有关碱性纤维素酶的最新研究进展。     

海洋细菌Bacillus sp．HN07的分离鉴定及所产碱性纤维素酶性质研究

从渤海海域（121°30′00″E,40°25′00″N）海泥中筛选到一株产碱性纤维素酶的海洋细菌。通过形态观察、生理生化特性及16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）,命名为Bacillussp．HN07。研究表明：HN07最适生长温度30℃,适宜在pH7．0～8．0、含2．0％～3．0％NaCl的培养条件下生长和产酶,并且具有较好的遗传稳定性。酶学性质初步研究显示,HN07所产碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH为8．0,在碱性条件下具有较好的稳定性,具有潜在的工业应用价值。     

Truncation analysis of an alkaline cellulase from an alkalophilic Bacillus species

A series of truncated gene products from an alkaline cellulase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. No. 1139 has been prepared. The variously sized proteins were products of in vitro insertional mutagenesis constructs made by gene inserts containing translational terminators. One product, a 46-kDa protein, which had about half the M_r of the original cellulase, had a similar enzyme activity and pH optimum to the original 92-kDa protein. In contrast, a slightly smaller product protein (43 kDa) did not show cellulase activity.     

一株产纤维素酶细菌紫外线诱变研究

以一株产纤维素酶细菌为主要研究对象进行紫外线诱变研究,通过考察紫外线诱变时间、诱变距离、菌体浓度和菌龄对其产纤维素酶能力的影响,并用纤维素刚果红培养基进行复筛,然后进行液体静置发酵产酶试验,确定了最适紫外线诱变组合条件。结果表明最适紫外线诱变组合条件为:诱变时间180 s、诱变距离25 cm、菌体浓度为10-5、菌龄为24h,在此条件下进行2d液体静置发酵,其酶活最高值为38.30U/mL,与原始出发菌株相比酶活力提高了40.08%,该研究对提高纤维素酶活性具有一定参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the alkaline cellulase gene from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain 1139

The cellulase gene from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain 1139 was cloned in Escherichia coli using pBR322. Plasmid pFK1 was isolated from transformants producing cellulase, and the cloned cellulase gene was found to be in a 4 X 6 kb HindIII fragment. The cellulase gene was subcloned in a functional state on a 2 X 9 kb DNA fragment and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The coding sequence showed an open reading frame encoding 800 amino acids. The pFK1-encoded cellulase had the same enzymic properties as the extracellular cellulase produced by the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain 1139, but its Mr was slightly higher.     

从白蚁中分离到具有纤维素酶活的贪噬菌

以黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps后肠为材料,分离培养具有降解纤维素能力的微生物,以进一步了解白蚁后肠微生物的种类。通过以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为唯一碳源的富集及选择培养基培养、筛选,获得一株具有纤维素酶活的菌株R3063。形态学鉴定、革兰氏染色观察及16S rDNA基因序列分析表明该菌株属于贪噬菌(Variovorax sp.)。目前尚未见贪噬菌具有纤维素酶活的报道。