Effect of Chromium-Enriched Yeast on Fasting Plasma Glucose, Glycated Haemoglobin and Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Insulin

Chromium is required for a normal insulin function, and low levels have been linked with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to follow the effect of chromium supplementation on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c) and serum lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) on insulin therapy. Eleven randomly selected patients with DM2 on insulin therapy were supplemented with a daily dose of 100 μg chromium yeast for the first supplementation period of 2 weeks. In the second supplementation period, the chromium dose was doubled and continued for the next 6 weeks. The third phase was a 6-week washout period. After each period, the levels of FPG and HbA_1c were compared with the corresponding values at the end of the previous period. Serum triglycerides, total HDL and LDL cholesterol values after supplementation were compared with the baseline values. FPG decreased significantly after the first period of chromium supplementation (p?<?0.001), and a tendency to a further reduction was observed after the second supplementation period. Similarly, HbA_1c decreased significantly in both periods (p?<?0.02 and p?<?0.002, respectively). Eight weeks after withdrawal of chromium supplementation, both FPG and HbA_1c levels returned to their pre-intervention values. The serum lipid concentrations were not significantly influenced by chromium supplementation. Chromium supplementation could be beneficial in patients with DM2 treated with insulin, most likely due to lowered insulin resistance leading to improved glucose tolerance. This finding needs to be confirmed in a larger study.     

回春医疗保健操运动对老年2 型糖尿病患者血糖和血脂水平的影响

目的：探讨规律性回春医疗保健操运动对2 型糖尿病老年患者血糖、血脂水平的影响。方法：选择28例老年2 型糖尿病患者 为研究对象,并将其随机分为运动干预组和对照组。运动干预组在前期药物治疗和饮食控制不变的情况下,采用为期12 周回春 医疗保健操进行运动干预,对照组仅给予药物治疗和饮食控制,而不进行运动干预,监测和比较两组患者实验前后血糖、血脂等 指标的变化。结果：运动干预组患者接受12 周回春医疗保健操干预后,受试者空腹血糖、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平均较运动干 预前显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：长期的规律性回春医疗保健操运动可有效降低老年2 型糖尿病患者血糖、 血脂水平,且安全易操作,可作为老年2 型糖尿病的临床辅助疗法。     

Altered Glucose Homeostasis Is Associated with Increased Serum Apelin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background

Apelin is an adipokine that plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and in obesity. The relationship between apelin serum concentration and dysmetabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still controversial. Aims of our study are: 1) determine the circulating levels of apelin in a large cohort of Italian subjects with T2D, T1D and in non-diabetic controls; 2) identify putative metabolic determinants of modified apelin concentrations, in order to search possible mechanism of apelin control; 3) investigate changes in apelin levels in response to sharp modifications of glucose/insulin metabolism in T2D obese subjects before and 3 days after bariatric surgery.

Methods

We recruited 369 subjects, 119 with T2D, 113 with T1D and 137 non-diabetic controls. All subjects underwent a complete clinical examination, including anthropometric and laboratory measurements. Serum apelin levels were determined by EIA (immunoenzyme assay).

Results

Patients with T2D had significantly higher serum apelin levels compared to controls (1.23±1.1 ng/mL vs 0.91±0.7 ng/mL, P<0.001) and to T1D subjects (0.73±0.39 ng/mL, P<0.001). Controls and T1D subjects did not differ significantly in apelin levels. Apelin concentrations were directly associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index (BMI), basal Disposition Index (DI-0), age, and diagnosis of T2D at bivariate correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that diagnosis of T2D, basal DI-0 and FBG were all determinants of serum apelin levels independently from age and BMI. Bariatric surgery performed in a subgroup of obese diabetic subjects (n = 12) resulted in a significant reduction of apelin concentrations compared to baseline levels (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that T2D, but not T1D, is associated with increased serum apelin levels compared to non-diabetic subjects. This association is dependent on impaired glucose homeostasis, and disappears after bariatric surgery, providing further evidence regarding the relationship between apelin and the regulation of glucose metabolism.     

阿托伐他汀早期干预对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血脂及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨早期阿托伐他汀钙片干预对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血脂水平和炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2014年5月-2015年5月我院收治的2型糖尿病合并高血压患者130例,根据治疗方法不同,将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组各65例。对照组采取常规降压及降糖药物治疗,研究组在此基础上应用阿托伐他汀钙片。观察两组患者治疗前后血脂水平、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及白介素-18(IL-18)的变化情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗前后的甘油三脂(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者hs-CRP、IL-6及IL-18水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀钙片可以有效改善2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的血脂水症,降低血清炎症因子的表达,值得临床推广应用。     

大黄素降糖及改善脂质代谢的实验研究

目的：探讨大黄素对2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠血糖及血脂水平的影响。方法：4周龄16只db/db雄性小鼠随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组8只;治疗组经灌胃每天给予100mg/kg大黄素;对照组灌胃给予相仿体积的生理盐水,开始10天每天算进食量,每周测空腹血糖及体重1次,连续干预8周,干预前及实验结束前1周测胰岛素耐量,干预结束后于颈动脉取血测血脂水平（HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、TC）。结果：①大黄素干预不影响db/db小鼠的进食量,与对照组比较,P〉0.05;②大黄素可显著减轻db/db小鼠体重,与对照组比较,P〈0.05;③大黄素可改善db/db小鼠胰岛素敏感性,降低小鼠的空腹血糖水平,与对照组比较,P〈0.05或P〈0.01;④大黄素可降低db/db小鼠血TG、TC、LDL-C水平,P〈0.01。结论：大黄素可有效地改善db/db小鼠的糖脂紊乱状态,其降糖及改善血脂代谢机制值得进一步深入研究。     

大黄素降糖及改善脂质代谢的实验研究

目的:探讨大黄素对2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠血糖及血脂水平的影响.方法:4周龄16只db/db雄性小鼠随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组8只;治疗组经灌胃每天给予100mg/kg大黄素;对照组灌胃给予相仿体积的生理盐水,开始10天每天算进食量,每周测空腹血糖及体重1次,连续干预8周,干预前及实验结束前1周测胰岛素耐量,干预结束后于颈动脉取血测血脂水平(HDLC、LDL-C、TG、TC).结果:①大黄素干预不影响db/db小鼠的进食量,与对照组比较,P＞0.05;②大黄素可显著减轻db/db小鼠体重,与对照组比较,P＜0.05;③大黄素可改善db/db小鼠胰岛素敏感性,降低小鼠的空腹血糖水平,与对照组比较,P＜0.05或P＜0.01;④大黄素可降低db/db小鼠血TG、TC、LDL-C水平,P＜0.01.结论:大黄素可有效地改善db/db小鼠的糖脂紊乱状态,其降糖及改善血脂代谢机制值得进一步深入研究.     

2型糖尿病患者血糖波动与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖波动与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的关系.方法:T2DM患者进行眼底照相或眼底荧光造影,根据DR程度分为糖尿病背景期视网膜病变(BDR)组、糖尿病增殖期视网膜病变(PDR)组、无视网膜病变(NDR)组,记录年龄、性别、体重指数、病程、测量血压、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素、餐后2h胰岛素、空腹C-肽、餐后2hC-肽、血脂指标.选取三组中上述基线指标具有可比性的病例共106例(BDR组38例,PDR组35例,NDR组33例)纳入观察.采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)连续监测患者血糖72 h.结果:各组间平均血糖水平(MBG)、血糖标准差(SDBG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)及血糖波动最大幅度(LAGE)相比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).Spearman相关分析显示,糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)与MBG、SDBG、MAGE及LAGE呈正相关(P＜0.05).校正MBG后,糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)与SDBG、MAGE及LAGE的相关系数分别为0.297、0.396、0.284(P＜0.01).结论:血糖波动与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的发生发展有关,应尽早干预.     

Probiotic Soy Milk Consumption and Renal Function Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one the most important complications of diabetes leading to end-stage renal disease. Dietary approaches have been considered to...     

禁食与非禁食处理对构建2型糖尿病小鼠模型血糖的影响

为探讨禁食与非禁食处理对构建2型糖尿病小鼠模型血糖变化的影响,分别以普通饲料和高脂饲料喂养3周龄的C57BL/6J雄性小鼠5周,于第5周末采取禁食与非禁食处理,16 h后分别注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)100 mg/kg体重或相应体积的柠檬酸缓冲液.于第5周末(禁食前)和注射后3周测定非空腹血糖浓度.普通饲料与高脂饲料注射STZ前禁食组血糖水平均显著升高,达到并超过糖尿病小鼠非空腹血糖成模标准(11mmol/L).高脂饲料注射STZ前非禁食组血糖水平表现为缓慢持续升高,其余各组血糖水平均低于糖尿病小鼠非空腹血糖成模标准.结果 表明,高脂饲料联合STZ诱导2型糖尿病小鼠血糖变化是有效的,但注射STZ前的禁食处理不是必需的;单纯注射STZ同样可以诱导糖尿病小鼠血糖升高,但注射前的禁食处理是必要的.     

格列美脲与沙格列汀联合治疗对2型糖尿病患者血糖控制、胰岛素抵抗及血脂的影响

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者经格列美脲联合沙格列汀治疗后的临床效果,并分析其对患者血糖控制、胰岛素抵抗及血脂的影响。方法:选取我院2017年4月~2019年4月期间接收的88例T2DM患者,按乱数表法将患者分为研究组(n=44,格列美脲联合沙格列汀治疗)、对照组(n=44,沙格列汀治疗)。比较两组患者临床疗效、血糖、胰岛素抵抗及血脂指标,记录两组患者不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗3个月后临床总有效率较对照组升高(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后两小时血糖(2hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:T2DM患者采用格列美脲联合沙格列汀治疗效果确切,可改善机体血脂水平及胰岛素抵抗,控制血糖水平,且用药安全性较好。     

No Specific Effect of Fluoxetine Treatment on Fasting Glucose,Insulin, Lipid Levels,and Blood Pressure in Healthy Men with Abdominal Obesity

In this paper we investigated the effect of fluoxetine (60 mg/d) on serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations and blood pressure by means of a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. Thirty-eight overweight BMI: 26–30 kg/m²), nondiabetic, nonhypertensive men with an abdominal fat distribution (waist/hip ratio: >0.97) received dietary advice and placebo or fluoxetine for 12 weeks. The changes in serum parameters and blood pressure in the fluoxetine treated group were not different from the placebo treated group, despite a significantly larger weight loss in the fluoxetine group. In both groups serum total-cholesterol concentrations, serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations and tlie HDL/LDL ratio were significantly improved after treatment. Reductions in fasting glucose concentration and systolic blood pressure were only significant in the placebo group. A reduction of serum triglycerides and an increase of HDL-cholesterol were found in the fluoxetine treated group. In the total study population the changes in serum lipids seemed to be more strongly related to the change in total body fat or subcutaneous abdominal fat (assessed by MRI) compared to the change in visceral fat. The improvement of most of the serum lipids was related to tlie change in total body fat independent of the mechanism for attaining this fat loss. Our results indicate that fluoxetine treatment has no specific effect beyond that expected for weight loss on serum lipid, glucose and insulin concentrations, and blood pressure in overweight men.     

Serum Adiponectin and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

High serum adiponectin has been increased in several conditions of kidney disease. Only sparse and conflicting results have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a subgroup of individuals who are at high risk for renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to fill up this gap of knowledge by investigating such association in a large sample of Italian diabetic patients. The association between serum adiponectin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration CKD-EPI equation) was investigated in 1,243 patients with T2D from two cross-sectional Italian studies: 878 from San Giovanni Rotondo (SGR) and 365 from Foggia (FG). Serum adiponectin was inversely associated with eGFR in SGR [β (standard error, SE) for 1 standard deviation (SD) of adiponectin = -3.26 (0.64)] and in FG [β(SE)=-5.70(1.28)] sample, as well as in the two studies combined [β(SE)=-3.99(0.59)];(p<0.0001 for all). In this combined analysis, the association was still significant after adjusting for sex, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive and anti-dyslipidemic treatments [β (SE)= -2.19 (0.59), p = 0.0001]. A stronger association between each SD adiponectin increment and low eGFR was observed among patients with micro-/macro-albuminuria, as compared to those with normo-albuminuria [adjusted β(SE)=-4.42(1.16) ml/min/1.73m² vs. -1.50 (0.67) ml/min/1.73m², respectively; p for adiponectin-by-albuminuric status = 0.022]. For each adiponectin SD increment, the odds of having eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m² increased by 41% (odds ratio, OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.21–1.64) in SGR sample, 53% (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.21–1.94) in FG sample, and 44% (OR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.27–1.64) in the two studies considered together (p<0.0001 for all). In the combined sample, further adjustment for the above mentioned covariates did not change the observed association (OR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.16–1.60; p<0.0001). Our study, so far the largest addressing the relationship between serum adiponectin and GFR in T2D, strongly suggests that the paradoxical inverse association, previously reported in different clinical sets, is also observed in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to unravel the biology underlying this counterintuitive relationship.     

Prevalence of Anemia Among Unselected Adults with Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Serum Creatinine Levels

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of anemia in a cohort of patients with diabetes and normal serum creatinine concentration in a primary care clinic.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study, comparing adult patients who had diabetes, with or without anemia. Patients older than 18 years who had diabetes were identified by using the computerized database for the years 2006 and 2007 in a primary care clinic. Patients with hemoglobin levels < 13.7 g/dL (men < 60 years old), ≤ 13.2 g/dL (men ≥ 60 years old), or < 12.2 g/dL (women) with no known cause of anemia were identified and compared with patients who had diabetes but not anemia. All patients had normal serum creatinine levels (men ≤ 1.5 mg/dL and women ≥ 1.4 mg/dL).ResultsOf 594 eligible patients with diabetes, 192 (32%) had anemia. Older age, higher serum urea and creatinine levels, lower estimated glomerular filtration rates, and reduced serum iron levels were more common in the patients with diabetes who had anemia than in those without anemia. The prevalence of anemia was higher in patients treated with “glitazones,” insulin, and angiotensin receptor blockers in comparison with those receiving other orally administered hypoglycemic medications. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, only serum creatinine, age, and use of glitazones retained statistical significance.ConclusionIn a community clinic, the prevalence of anemia in unselected patients with diabetes and normal serum creatinine levels was 32%. Factors associated with anemia were older age, higher serum creatinine levels, and use of glitazone therapy. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:714-719)     

2型糖尿病患者血清鸢尾素、摄食抑制因子-1、3-硝基酪氨酸水平与糖脂代谢和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清鸢尾素（Irisin）、摄食抑制因子-1（Nesfatin-1）、3-硝基酪氨酸（3-NT）水平与糖脂代谢和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的关系。方法：选择2020年4月~2021年9月期间中国人民解放军总医院京南医疗区收治的T2DM患者80例作为研究对象,根据多导睡眠图（PSG）检查结果,合并OSAHS的51例患者列为T2DM合并OSAHS组,剩余的29例纳为T2DM未合并OSAHS组。选择同期来中国人民解放军总医院京南医疗区体检的40例健康志愿者作为对照组。对比T2DM患者、对照组的Irisin、Nesfatin-1、3-NT水平,采用Pearson相关性分析显示Irisin、Nesfatin-1、3-NT与糖脂代谢指标的相关性。T2DM患者发生OSAHS的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：T2DM合并OSAHS组、T2DM未合并OSAHS组Irisin低于对照组,且T2DM合并OSAHS组低于T2DM未合并OSAHS组（P<0.05）。T2DM合并OSAHS组、T2DM未合并OSAHS组Nesfatin-1、3-NT高于对照组,且T2DM合并OSAHS组高于T2DM未合并OSAHS组（P<0.05）。T2DM合并OSAHS组、T2DM未合并OSAHS组糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）高于对照组,且T2DM合并OSAHS组高于T2DM未合并OSAHS组（P<0.05）。T2DM合并OSAHS组、T2DM未合并OSAHS组三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）较对照组高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）低于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,Irisin与HbAlc、FBG、2hPG呈负相关,Nesfatin-1、3-NT与HbAlc、FBG、2hPG呈正相关（P<0.05）。T2DM合并OSAHS组、T2DM未合并OSAHS组的年龄、合并高血压、体质量指数、AHI、空腹C肽、合并冠心病对比有差异（P<0.05）。Irisin、Nesfatin-1、3-NT、HbAlc、FBG、2hPG、年龄、合并高血压是T2DM患者发生OSAHS的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：T2DM合并OSAHS患者的Irisin、Nesfatin-1、3-NT水平表达异常,参与着机体的糖脂代谢过程及OSAHS发生,且OSAHS发生同时还受到HbAlc、FBG、2hPG、年龄、合并高血压的影响,可考虑对上述因素进行早期监测,以进行相关干预。     

镁补充对2 型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的:研究镁补充对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法:将用高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)方法诱发的2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为四个组,糖尿病对照组喂饲高脂饲料,高、中、低剂量组在高脂饲料中分别加入2000、1000、200 mg/kg的镁(以镁离子计)。自由饮食喂养四周,处死动物。用放射免疫法测血清胰岛素(Ins)水平、用葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血浆葡萄糖(fasting plasmaglucose,FPG),并计算胰岛素敏感指数(insulin sensitivity index,ISI)。比色法检测糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)。用全自动生化分析仪测高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDLC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)。结果:高剂量组的空腹血糖、空腹血清、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平均较糖尿病对照组显著性降低(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素敏感指数较糖尿病对照组显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:镁补充可以提高2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性,改善糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢情况。     

Evaluation of Serum Selenium Levels in Turkish Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Intolerants, and Normal Controls

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between serum selenium levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and glucose intolerants and compare them with those of glucose-tolerant pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was prospectively performed in a total of 178 pregnant women undergoing a 50-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation who were grouped according to their status of glucose tolerance as with gestational diabetes (group A, abnormal 1- and 3-h glucose tolerance test; n = 30), glucose intolerant (group B, abnormal 1-h but normal 3-h glucose tolerance test; n = 47), or normal controls (group C, normal 1-h glucose test; n = 101). Serum selenium levels were measured with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer using a matrix modifier. Median maternal age and gestational age at the time of diagnosis in group A (gestational age = 24.8 [24-27]), group B (gestational age = 24.7 [24-27]), and group C (gestational age = 25 [24-28]) did not differ. Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and those with glucose intolerants had lower selenium level than that of the normal pregnant women (P < 0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between selenium and blood glucose level, and also selenium supplementation might prove beneficial on patients with GDM and prevent or retard them from secondary complications of diabetes.     

Glucose Control and Lipid Metabolism in African American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Hepatitis C Viral Infection

ObjectiveTo compare lipid profiles and glucose control in African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection.MethodsThis retrospective study conducted in an academic outpatient setting included African American patients with both type 2 diabetes and HCV, patients with HVC only, and patients with type 2 diabetes only. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride values were compared among all 3 patient groups.ResultsThe study population included 283 patients, of whom 111 had type 2 diabetes and HCV, 68 had HCV only, and 104 had type 2 diabetes only. Chronic HCV was associated with lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. In contrast, elevated serum triglyceride levels associated with diabetes were not reduced in patients with chronic HCV, although diabetes control was better in the diabetes group with HCV than in the diabetes group without HCV (mean hemoglobin A_1c [standard error of the mean]: 7.1% [1.8%] vs 8.8% [2.1%], P < .001). HDL cholesterol was higher in the patients with earlier stages of HCV when compared with HDL cholesterol in the other 2 groups.ConclusionsChronic HCV infection in type 2 diabetic patients decreases serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol, but has no such protective effect on triglyceride levels. HCV infection may alter the cellular pathways of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:363-368)     

孕早中期血清脂联素、抵抗素、铁蛋白水平及与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性分析

目的:研究孕早中期血清抵抗素、脂联素及铁蛋白水平与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性。方法:选取孕早期(11-13周)、孕中期(24-28周)诊断为GDM的孕妇46例作为试验组(GDM组),及同期糖代谢正常的孕妇46例作为对照组(NGT组),检测和比较两组孕早、中期血清脂联素、抵抗素、铁蛋白水平,计算各期胰岛素稳态模型抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并对孕早中期血清抵抗素、脂联素及铁蛋白(SF)水平与HOMA-IR进行相关性分析。结果:与NGT组比较,GDM组孕早、中期血清脂联素水平均显著降低,且孕早期血清脂联素水平与HOMR-IR呈负相关(r=-0.21,P0.05);孕早、中期血清SF水平均显著升高,且孕早期血清SF水平与IR呈正相关(r=0.238,P0.05);孕早期血清抵抗素水平无明显变化(P0.05),但孕中期血清抵抗素水平显著降低(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示孕早期血清铁蛋白水平对HOMA-IR的影响更显著,孕早期SF每升高1μg/l,HOMA-IR提高0.179。孕早期SF水平作为预测GDM发病的血清学阈值为≥23.2μg/L。结论:孕早期血清脂联素及SF水平变化均与GDM的发病相关,孕早期血清SF水平可能作为早期诊断和预防GDM的血清学指标。     

Serum Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To investigate whether serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan, on 282 adult subjects from March 2012 to June 2015. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: T2DM subjects (n = 168) and a healthy comparison group (n = 114). Subjects with any condition known to be associated with elevated CEA levels were excluded. HbA1c and serum CEA levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was determined.Results: Subjects with T2DM had significantly higher mean serum CEA than controls (2.4 ± 1.5 vs. 1.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL, P<.0001). Sex did not correlate with CEA levels, while age (Spearman's rho [ρ] = 0.18, P =.002) and HbA1c (ρ = 0.56, P<.0001) did; however, age no longer correlated after correcting for diabetic status. HbA1c was the only variable shown to correlate with CEA in a stepwise linear regression (r = 0.37, P<.001).Conclusion: We observed a statistically significant association between elevated CEA and T2DM, despite average CEA values for both groups being within the reference range. In addition, serum CEA levels correlated positively with HbA1c values.Abbreviations:ADA = American Diabetes AssociationBMI = body mass indexCA 19-9 = carbohydrate antigen 19-9CEA = carcinoembryonic antigenCRP = C-reactive proteinDM = diabetes mellitusHbA1c = glycated hemoglobinJUH = Jordan University HospitalT2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitusρ = Spearman's correlation coefficient