改良尿素-氯化锂方法提取成熟小麦种子总RNA

为了分离提取成熟小麦种子总RNA,去除多糖等杂质的严重干扰,本实验对尿素氯化锂分离RNA的方法做了三个方面的改进:一、去除成熟种子的胚(含大量麦胚凝集素等糖蛋白),发现裂解物的黏稠度明显下降;二、在裂解粗提物中加入CTAB至终浓度为02%,可去除大部分多糖;三、异丙醇沉淀RNA之后,充分溶解,离心去除残留的不溶性多糖等杂质。结果表明:所提取的成熟小麦种子RNA的纯度和产率都有明显提高 。     

一种广泛适用的RNA提取方法

分离提取高质量的RNA是基因表达、调控与基因工程等研究的基础,而RNase、多糖及多酚类物质严重干扰RNA的分离提取过程.现利用硅藻土对RNase的吸附性,结合PVP、高盐及乙二醇丁醚沉淀等处理,建立了一种广泛适用的RNA提取方法.在富含多糖的玉米胚乳,富含RNase的动物肝脏,多酚多油脂的银杏、麻疯树以及木霉、酵母等10多种RNA提取困难的动、植物与微生物材料中都提取出完整性好,得率高的RNA.RT-PCR实验表明,提取的RNA能够用于后续的分子生物学研究.硅藻土-苯酚法提取RNA的得率是异硫氰酸胍法的3倍多.此外,将分离提取的总RNA经过LiCl与PEG8000加NaCl沉淀步骤有效地去除了大片段RNA,以水稻Osa-mir-156的成熟序列设计特异引物做茎环RT-PCR,结果证明,富集得到的小RNA可以用于miRNA克隆等后续实验.     

提取蕨类植物蜈蚣草总RNA的一种有效方法

介绍了一种提取蕨类植物蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)总RNA的有效方法.由于蜈蚣草富含多酚和多糖,用普通的RNA提取方法很难获得高质量的RNA.本方法通过优化提取缓冲液的条件来抑制多酚氧化,并利用RNA与多酚、多糖在不同浓度的2-丁氧乙醇中溶解度不同的特性来去除多酚和多糖.本方法简便、快速,所提取的RNA质量较高,可直接用于cDNA合成、cDNA文库的构建以及RACE等分子生物学操作.     

非洲菊花瓣总RNA提取方法的改进

利用异硫氰酸胍一步法和植物总RNA提取试剂盒（RNeasy Plant Mini Kit）提取非洲菊（Gerbera hybrida）花瓣中总RNA时存在多糖的干扰。实验中利用异硫氰酸胍一步法提取总RNA,在RNA沉淀后,再次加入适量变性液,冻融2次,再加热至45 ℃使RNA完全溶解;试剂盒提取时,适当延长各提取步骤的离心时间,并增加DEPC H2O溶解RNA的时间。通过以上操作方法的改进可排除多糖的干扰,得到高质量的总RNA。为进一步利用Northern杂交技术研究非洲菊中花色素苷基因的表达,进行花色改良提供了方便、有效的实验手段。     

非洲菊花瓣RNA提取方法的改进

利用异硫氰酸胍一步法和植物总RNA提取试剂盒（RNeasy Plant Mini Kit）提取非洲菊（Gerbera hybrida）花瓣中总RNA时存在多糖的干扰。实验中利用异硫氰酸胍一步叶提取总RNA,在RNA沉淀后,再次加入适量变性液,冻融2次,再加热至45℃使RNA完全溶解;试剂盒提取时,适当延长各提取步骤的离心时间,并增加DEPC H2O溶解RNA的时间。通过以上操作方法的改进可排除多糖的干扰,得到高质量的总RNA。为进一步利用Northern杂交技术研究非洲菊中花色素苷基因的表达,进行花色改良提供了方便、有效的实验手段。     

富含多糖和次生物质的芒果子叶总RNA的提取

为了提取芒果子叶总RNA,去除次生物质和多糖等杂质的严重干扰,采用了正交试验快速优化提取方法。实验证明70%的丙酮能有效地去除大部分杂质,提取过程一天内可完成,RNA含量可达677μgg·FW,A260A280比值为195,RNA的纯度及质量适合后续反应。     

一种从苏铁叶片中有效提取RNA的方法

由于苏铁（ Cycas revoluta） 叶片中含有大量的多糖多酚等次生代谢物, 常规RNA 提取方法很难获得优质的RNA。在常规的CTAB 法中加入了硼砂和β- 巯基乙醇来消除多酚和多糖的干扰, 得到了一个从苏铁叶片中有效提取RNA 的方法, 每克鲜叶片可获得约930μg RNA。A260 280 和A260 230 的纳米波长的吸收比值都约为2 , 表明RNA 的质量较好。获得的RNA 可用于Northern blot 和反转录PCR 等分析, 也说明RNA 的质量比较好。此外, 改进的提取方法也适合于含有次生代谢产物的其它植物, 同样可以获得优质RNA。     

大青杨叶片总RNA的快速提取方法

目的:寻求快速提取大青杨叶片总RNA的方法。方法:分别用改良CTAB法、改良SDS法、改良TRIzol法及某公司总RNA提取试剂盒提取大青杨叶片总RNA,并用紫外光谱分析、凝胶电泳方法对提取的总RNA进行鉴定。结果:用改良CTAB法和改良TRIzol法能有效地去除蛋白及多糖,提取到的总RNA纯度高,D260nm/D280nm分别为2.05和1.78,RNA的完整程度优于试剂盒法。结论:改良CTAB法为大青杨叶片总RNA的最佳提取方法。     

一种高效提取棉花RNA的改良方法

与其他植物相比,棉花组织中含有较多的酚类、萜类和多糖等次生代谢物,这些物质严重影响棉花细胞中RNA的分离。针对棉花富含次生代谢物的特点,同时简化操作步骤,摸索出一种高效提取棉花RNA的方法,该方法具有提取RNA完整性好、纯度高和操作简单等特点,可适用于提取棉花等多糖多酚类植物的RNA。     

提取蕨类植物蜈蚣草总RNA 的一种有效方法

介绍了一种提取蕨类植物蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)总RNA的有效方法。由于蜈蚣草富含多酚和多糖,用普通的RNA提取方法很难获得高质量的RNA。本方法通过优化提取缓冲液的条件来抑制多酚氧化,并利用RNA与多酚、多糖在不同浓度的2-丁氧乙醇中溶解度不同的特性来去除多酚和多糖。本方法简便、快速,所提取的RNA质量较高,可直接用于cDNA合成、cDNA文库的构建以及RACE等分子生物学操作。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism