CTAB结合DNA凝胶回收试剂盒提取食用菌DNA

目的:为探索从食用菌子实体中快速分离和纯化DNA的方法.方法:以三种栽培的食用菌为材料,采用CTAB结合DNA凝胶回收试剂盒进行基因组DNA的分离和纯化.结果:与对照相比,结合法提取DNA样品的电泳条带更规则、清晰,并且DNA的酶切效率显著高于对照.结论:该结合法是一种快捷、高效提取纯化食用菌子实体DNA的方法.     

血液基因组DNA的快速提取方法

目的:研究血液中基因组DNA的简便快速提取方法。方法:取新鲜抗凝血,以红细胞裂解液除去红细胞,再破碎白细胞,除去杂蛋白,获得基因组DNA。结果:所得基因组DNA完整、无断裂,含量和纯度均较高。以所提基因组DNA作为模板能很好的扩增出p21因子启动子序列,因此该法所提取的DNA是完整可靠的。结论:该法能简便、快速、安全、廉价的提取血液中的基因组DNA,并适用于临床检测和分子生物学研究。     

伞菌DNA简易序列分析引出的思考

目的:伞菌物种以子实体形态特征为分类依据,研究以菌丝体代替子实体进行种质资源鉴定的遗传证据。方法:以常见的食用伞菌香菇、平菇子实体的不同部位组织及其分离菌丝体为供试材料,制备了12个随机引物介导的RAPD-PCR指纹,把DNA指纹图谱转化为简易的序列数据,经生物信息处理软件比较分析。结果:香菇不同菌株子实体DNA相似性系数在0.886～0.986之间,平菇不同菌株子实体DNA相似系数在0.779～0.976之间。对于供试的单个子实体而言,香菇和平菇子实体的菌盖、菌褶、菌柄及其组织分离菌丝体,与以此为菌种栽培得到的子实体相比较,所获得的有限DNA指纹图谱全部相同。结论:揭示了香菇和平菇不同菌株的遗传多样性,初步反映了伞菌不同发育阶段在分子水平上的遗传变异和亲缘关系,争论了以菌丝体代替子实体使用RAPD手段进行种质资源鉴定与系统发育分析引出的真菌遗传问题。     

PCR鉴定时的微量DNA快速制备

用基因组微量DNA快速提取方法,从胡萝卜转化再生株样品中快速提取了基因组DNA,并以此为模板进行胡萝卜转化再生株的PCR快速检测的结果表明,这是转基因时PCR检测的一种快速、简便、有效方法。     

裂褶菌培养、鉴定及氨基酸组成分析

目的:获得裂褶菌的纯培养物,鉴定培养菌丝,并分析子实体及菌丝氨基酸含量.方法:利用孢子分离法、组织分离法培养菌丝,扫描电镜观测其菌丝特征,结合ITS区序列分析,并利用出菇试验分析其菌丝体,全自动氨基酸分析仪分别测定裂褶菌子实体、菌丝体氨基酸组成.结果: 菌丝体ITS区序列与子实体完全一致,出菇试验亦表明裂褶菌菌丝体培养成功,子实体及菌丝体均含有丰富的氨基酸成分,两者氨基酸种类及含量相当,菌丝体总氨基酸含量14.01%,子实体总氨基酸含量15.59%,其中菌丝体必需氨基酸的含量(38.60%)比子实体稍高(37.95%).结论:裂褶菌菌丝亦具有丰富的营养价值,可作为重要的氨基酸来源及功能性食品.     

从全血中提取基因组DNA方法的对比研究

目的:建立从全血中提取基因组DNA的方法,并评价提取DNA的产量和质量.方法:分别采用传统酚-氯仿抽提法和试剂盒法制备基因组DNA,比较这两种方法提取DNA的产量、纯度、稳定性以及方法本身的优缺点、费用等.结果:试剂盒法简单快速,但其制备的DNA产率、纯度、稳定性低于酚-氯仿抽提法.结论:采用酚-氯仿抽提法可以提取较高质量的基因组DNA,适用于下游的分子生物学实验.     

一种通用的基因组DNA提取方法

目的:探讨一种通厢的基因组DNA提取方法.方法:采用改良的膜法分别从动植物组织、外周血、细菌、细胞等标本提取基因组DNA,DNA样品经紫外吸收、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR扩增和酶切进行榆测.结果:该方法提取的基因组DNA纯度较高,电泳条带清晰,DNA质量能满足下游分子生物学研究的需要.结论:该方法简便快速、适用范围广,是提取基因组DNA的一种有效方法.     

侧耳属食用菌多糖的研究进展

侧耳多糖是从侧耳属食用菌子实体、菌丝体、发酵液或菌糠中提取的一种活性代谢产物。从侧耳多糖的提取方法、结构以及生理作用等方面进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,旨在进一步发掘和利用侧耳属食用菌的食用价值和药用价值,扩大其在食品和医药领域的应用范围。     

利用改进的酚-氯仿法从猪毛囊中提取基因组DNA

为提高从猪毛囊组织中提取基因组DNA的效率, 文章在借鉴从其他组织提取基因组DNA方法的基础上, 对经典的酚-氯仿法的反应体系和步骤进行了改进。利用改进的酚－氯仿抽提法, 从猪的毛囊组织中快速、高效地提取了高质量基因组DNA。利用该方法从1~6根猪毛囊中提取的基因组DNA可满足基于PCR技术的相关分子生物学实验需要。     

一种自制DNA提取剂在微量细胞和单个囊胚上的应用

目前微量DNA的提取方法,不仅操作繁琐耗时,而且所需试剂价格昂贵。为了解决这个问题,本研究旨在开发一种快速、经济的微量DNA提取剂。用自制提取剂快速提取50个、100个、500个、5 000个、50 000个猪胎儿成纤维细胞的基因组DNA。经PCR扩增,电泳结果显示:自制提取剂可有效提取数量低至50个的猪胎儿成纤维细胞。分别采用自制提取剂、酚氯仿以及试剂盒3种方法提取猪单个囊胚基因组DNA,结果显示:酚氯仿方法提取的单个囊胚基因组DNA,经PCR扩增后,并没有检测到目的条带;而自制提取剂提取模板DNA,能直接扩增出清晰的目的条带,与试剂盒扩增效果相当。自制提取剂能够快速、有效地提取少量细胞和单个囊胚的基因组DNA,满足下游分子生物学研究需要,因此,本研究为微量样本基因组DNA提取提供帮助。     

Risk factors for rejection for morphological reasons of heart valves for transplantation

The study aim was to identify risk factors for morphological rejection of aortic and pulmonary valves for transplantation that could be used to optimize donor selection. The files of all Dutch heart valve donors, donating in a 2.5 years period, whose hearts were processed at Heart Valve Bank Rotterdam, were reviewed for all factors that could be relevant for valve rejection and related to outcome of morphological assessment of the valves. Valves were retrieved from 813 deceased Dutch donors, 24.1% also donating organs. For 797 aortic and 767 pulmonary valves, who met retrieval criteria, morphological assessment was done. 69.5% of aortic and 37.5% of pulmonary valves were considered unsuitable for transplantation at morphological assessment. Backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, showed age, cardiac cause of death, cerebrovascular accident as cause of death or in medical history, and number of cardiovascular risk factors in a donor to be independent risk factors for morphological rejection of aortic valves. Age, sex, weight >100 kg and ruptured aortic aneurysm as cause of death were independent risk factors for morphological rejection of pulmonary valves. Being an organ donor was an independent predictor of morphological approval of aortic and pulmonary valves, while hypertension was an independent predictor for morphological approval of aortic valves. Thus, independent factors were identified that are associated with morphological rejection of aortic and pulmonary valves for transplantation, and that could be used to optimize donor selection by preventing unnecessary retrievals, limiting costs, while improving yield per donor with minimal compromise for availability.     

Prospects for use of iodine-free radiopaques for cholecystocholangiography

By using the compounds tantalum and lanthanum, a new radiopaque substance (ROS) was synthesized at the Institute for Chemistry of Solids, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Experiments on laboratory animals provided evidence that there was no acute or chronic toxicity of helium-based lanthanum orthotantalate. The specific radiopaque properties of the agent versus iodine- and barium-containing ROSs were studied in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The radiodiagnostic properties and locally irritant effect of the test ROS versus iodine-containing agents were evaluated in dogs at cholecystocholangiography.     

Method for epitope selection of antisera for immunohistology

Polyclonal anti-laminin serum was affinity-purified on paraformaldehyde-fixed laminin on a nitrocellulose filter. The purified antibodies were tested for their specificity in immunohistological stainings on frozen sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue. As compared to the initial polyclonal serum, the purified antibodies increased the specificity of antigen detection, since all background caused by nonspecific reactions was eliminated. This technique promises to be very useful for immunohistological analysis using light and electron microscopy.     

Standards for Approval of Hospitals for Graduate Training

The assessment program for approval of hospitals for training in specialties has been augmented by survey visits. Surveyors for the Canadian Council on Hospital Accreditation have acted on behalf of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and have assisted in the formulation of standard criteria for evaluation of teaching programs. Areas where considerable variation in program exists and where further standardization might profitably be developed are suggested. It is recommended that periodic on-the-site visits be made to all specialty training hospitals. Standards should be further elucidated to guide teachers, students and Royal College surveyors alike. It is emphasized that standards cannot be used to assess the calibre of teaching and learning, but can be employed to assist in evaluating the teachings and learning media that are likely to produce good (or poor) results.     

Algorithms for mapping of mRNA targets for microRNA

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in human health and disease as endogenous suppressors of the translation of coding genes. At this early point of time in miRNA biology, it is important to identify specific cognate mRNA targets for miRNA. Investigation of the significance of miRNAs in disease processes relies on algorithms that hypothetically link specific miRNAs to their putative target genes. The development of such algorithms represents a hot area of research in biomedical informatics. Lack of biological data linking specific miRNAs to their respective mRNA targets represents the most serious limitation at this time. This article presents a concise review addressing the most popular concepts underlying state-of-the-art algorithms and principles aimed at target mapping for specific miRNAs. Strategies for improvement of the current bioinformatics tools and effective approaches for biological validation are discussed.     

Cercariometry for detection of transmission sites for schistosomiasis

Cercariometry provided information on diurnal fluctuation, seasonal and spatial distribution of cercariae in the suitable natural water bodies. There was an apparent mismatch between the results of cercariometry and snail sampling. Water, which cercariometry showed to contain cercariae was potentially infective, although the resultant worm load of sentinel rodents may not bear a linear relationship with cercarial density. Cercariometry has some weakness in practices and analysis of data, however, it provides the valuable information on the active transmission sites of schistosomiasis.