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1.
Effect of growth substrate,method of fermentation,and nitrogen source on lignocellulose-degrading enzymes production by white-rot basidiomycetes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elisashvili V Kachlishvili E Penninckx M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(11):1531-1538
The exploration of seven physiologically different white rot fungi potential to produce cellulase, xylanase, laccase, and
manganese peroxidase (MnP) showed that the enzyme yield and their ratio in enzyme preparations significantly depends on the
fungus species, lignocellulosic growth substrate, and cultivation method. The fruit residues were appropriate growth substrates
for the production of hydrolytic enzymes and laccase. The highest endoglucanase (111 U ml−1) and xylanase (135 U ml−1) activities were revealed in submerged fermentation (SF) of banana peels by Pycnoporus coccineus. In the same cultivation conditions Cerrena maxima accumulated the highest level of laccase activity (7,620 U l−1). The lignified materials (wheat straw and tree leaves) appeared to be appropriate for the MnP secretion by majority basidiomycetes.
With few exceptions, SF favored to hydrolases and laccase production by fungi tested whereas SSF was appropriate for the MnP
accumulation. Thus, the Coriolopsis polyzona hydrolases activity increased more than threefold, while laccase yield increased 15-fold when tree leaves were undergone
to SF instead SSF. The supplementation of nitrogen to the control medium seemed to have a negative effect on all enzyme production
in SSF of wheat straw and tree leaves by Pleurotus ostreatus. In SF peptone and ammonium containing salts significantly increased C. polyzona and Trametes versicolor hydrolases and laccase yields. However, in most cases the supplementation of media with additional nitrogen lowered the fungi
specific enzyme activities. Especially strong repression of T. versicolor MnP production was revealed. 相似文献
2.
Vladimir Elisashvili Eva Kachlishvili Nino Tsiklauri Eka Metreveli Tamar Khardziani Spiros N. Agathos 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(2):331-339
The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by eleven basidiomycetes species isolated from two ecosystems of Georgia was investigated
for the first time under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic by-products. Notable intergeneric
and intrageneric differences were revealed with regard to the extent of hydrolase and oxidase activity. Several fungi produced
laccase along with hydrolases in parallel with growth during the trophophase, showing that the synthesis of this enzyme is
not connected with secondary metabolism. The lignocellulosic substrate type had the greatest impact on enzyme secretion. Some
of the substrates significantly stimulated lignocellulolytic enzyme synthesis without supplementation of the culture medium
with specific inducers. Exceptionally high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase, 122 U ml−1) and xylanase (195 U ml−1) activities were revealed in SF of mandarin peelings by Pseudotremella gibbosa IBB 22 and of residue after ethanol production (REP) by Fomes fomentarius IBB 38, respectively. The SSF of REP by T. pubescens IBB 11 ensured the highest level of laccase activity (24,690 U l−1), whereas the SSF of wheat bran and SF of mandarin peels provided the highest manganese peroxidase activity (570–620 U l−1) of Trichaptum biforme IBB 117. Moreover, the variation of lignocellulosic growth substrate provides an opportunity to obtain enzyme preparations
containing different ratios of individual enzymes. 相似文献
3.
Growth and lignocellulolytic enzymes production by two Morchella esculenta strains (BAFC 1728 and BEL 124) growing in solid state fermentation using different lignocellulosic materials along 58 days
was characterized. Both strains were able to grow on the three substrates: wheat bran, wheat bran plus corn starch, and rolled
oat. The growth was characterized by measuring chitin content, reducing sugars, pH, dry weight loss, and extractable proteins,
such parameters varied substantially with substrate and strain used. The maximum rate of growth in both strains was observed
between 5 and 28 days. Regarding enzyme production, as a general trend strain BAFC 1728 produced the highest titres. The most
evident difference was observed in laccase production by this strain on wheat bran, which exceeded that observed in strain
BEL 124 by tenfold (7.45 U g−1). 相似文献
4.
Hadeer Lazim Houda Mankai Nedra Slama Insaf Barkallah Ferid Limam 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(4):531-537
The purpose of the present research is to study the production of thermophilic alkaline protease by a local isolate, Streptomyces sp. CN902, under solid state fermentation (SSF). Optimum SSF parameters for enzyme production have been determined. Various
locally available agro-industrial residues have been screened individually or as mixtures for alkaline protease production
in SSF. The combination of wheat bran (WB) with chopped date stones (CDS) (5:5) proved to be an efficient mixture for protease
production as it gave the highest enzyme activity (90.50 U g−1) when compared to individual WB (74.50 U g−1) or CDS (69.50 U g−1) substrates. This mixed solid substrate was used for the production of protease from Streptomyces sp. CN902 under SSF. Maximal protease production (220.50 U g−1) was obtained with an initial moisture content of 60%, an inoculum level of 1 × 108 (spore g−1 substrate) when incubated at 45°C for 5 days. Supplementation of WB and CDS mixtures with yeast extract as a nitrogen source
further increased protease production to 245.50 U g−1 under SSF. Our data demonstrated the usefulness of solid-state fermentation in the production of alkaline protease using
WB and CDS mixtures as substrate. Moreover, this approach offered significant benefits due to abundant agro-industrial substrate
availability and cheaper cost. 相似文献
5.
Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger in biofilm, solid-state, and submerged fermentations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Norma N. Gamarra Gretty K. Villena Marcel Gutiérrez-Correa 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,87(2):545-551
Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger was compared in three different culture systems: biofilm, solid-state, and submerged fermentation. Biofilm and solid-state
fermentations were carried out on perlite as inert support, and lactose was used as a carbon source in the three culture systems.
In cryo-scanning electron microscopy, biofilm and solid-state cultures gave similar morphological patterns and confirmed that
both spore first attachment and hyphal adhered growth are helped by the production of an adhesive extracellular matrix. Biofilm
cultures produced higher cellulase activities than those in submerged and solid-state cultures (1,768, 1,165, and 1,174 U l−1, respectively). Although biofilm cultures grew less than the other cultures, they produced significantly higher cellulase
yields (370, 212, and 217 U g−1 lactose, respectively) and volumetric productivities (24, 16, and 16 U l−1 h−1, respectively). Likewise, endoglucanase and xylanase activities were higher in biofilm cultures. Under the conditions tested,
it seems that fungal attached growth on perlite may favor better enzyme production. Biofilms are efficient systems for cellulase
production and may replace solid-state fermentation. Biofilm fermentation holds promise for further optimization and development.
The results of this work reveal that fungal biofilms may be used for the commercial production of cellulase employing the
technology developed for submerged fermentation at high cell densities. 相似文献
6.
Concentration of fungal ligninolytic enzymes by ultrafiltration and their use in distillery effluent decolorization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Extracellular ligninolytic enzymes secreted by seven different fungi grown under solid-state fermentation using agro-residue
as substrate were extracted through successive extractions. In general, most of the enzymes were recovered during first and
second extractions. These extractants were then subjected to ultrafiltration using a 10 kDa membrane for further concentration.
The permeates collected after every filtration and the final retentate were analyzed for protein and enzymes. In all the isolates,
enzyme concentration was maximum in first retentate, which reduced significantly in second, third, and fourth retentate. Maximum
per unit laccase (14.44 U g−1) and MnP production (142.2 U g−1) was observed in Fusarium verticillioides TERIDB16 while maximum LiP production (137.42 U g−1) was in Alternaria gaisen TERIDB6. The retentate was further used for checking its decolorization efficiency of undiluted distillery effluent. The
maximum decolorization (37%) was obtained using the enzyme extract of Pleurotus florida EM1303. 相似文献
7.
Growth and sporulation of Verticillium lecanii on inert and organic carriers (sugar-cane bagasse, corncob, rice straw, polyurethane foam and activated carbon) in a solid-state
fermentation process was studied. Sugar-cane bagasse and polyurethane foam produced 1010 spores g−1 dry carrier whereas corncob, rice straw, and activated carbon yielded, respectively 8 × 109, 4 × 109, and 3 × 108 spores g−1. Chitinase activity of the conidia was in the following order: sugar-cane bagasse (3.3 U mg−1) > wheat bran (3.0 U mg−1) > polyurethane foam (2.7 U mg−1). There was no significant difference (2.5–2.7 U mg−1) in the proteinase activity among the conidia from the three cultures. Scanning electron microscopy shows that aerial mycelium
freely penetrated into the internal area of polyurethane foam. Sugar-cane bagasse provided enough area for vegetative hyphae
to attach. Of the carriers analyzed, polyurethane foams and sugar-cane bagasse were the best carriers for V. lecanii growth and spore production. 相似文献
8.
Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza Júlio Xandro Heck Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(12):1677-1685
In this work, we investigated the production of transglutaminase (TGase) by an Amazonian isolated strain of Bacillus circulans by solid-state cultivation (SSC). Several agro-industrial residues, such as untreated corn grits, milled brewers rice, industrial
fibrous soy residue, soy hull, and malt bagasse, were used as substrates for microbial growth and enzyme production. Growth
on industrial fibrous soy residue, which is rich in protein and hemicellulose, produced the highest TGase activity (0.74 U g−1 of dried substrate after 48 h of incubation). A 23 central composite design was applied to determine the optimal conditions of aeration, cultivation temperature and inoculum
cell concentration to TGase production. The best culture conditions were determined as being 0.6 L air min−1, 33 °C and 10 log 10 CFU g−1 of dried substrate, respectively. Under the proposed optimized conditions, the model predicted an enzyme production of 1.16 U g−1 of dried substrate, closely matching the experimental activity of 1.25 U g−1. Results presented in this work point to the use of this newly isolated B. circulans strain as a potential alternative of microbial source for TGase production by SSC, using inexpensive culture media. 相似文献
9.
The objective of this study was to improve the biological water–gas shift reaction for producing hydrogen (H2) by conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) using an anaerobic thermophilic pure strain, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans. Specific hydrogen production rates and yields were investigated at initial biomass densities varying from 5 to 20 mg volatile
suspended solid (VSS) L−1. Results showed that the gas–liquid mass transfer limits the CO conversion rate at high biomass concentrations. At 100-rpm
agitation and at CO partial pressure of 1 atm, the optimal substrate/biomass ratio must exceed 5 mol CO g−1 biomass VSS in order to avoid gas–liquid substrate transfer limitation. An average H2 yield of 94 ± 3% and a specific hydrogen production rate of ca. 3 mol g−1 VSS day−1 were obtained at initial biomass densities between 5 and 8 mg VSS−1. In addition, CO bioconversion kinetics was assessed at CO partial pressure from 0.16 to 2 atm, corresponding to a dissolved
CO concentration at 70°C from 0.09 to 1.1 mM. Specific bioactivity was maximal at 3.5 mol CO g−1 VSS day−1 for a dissolved CO concentration of 0.55 mM in the culture. This optimal concentration is higher than with most other hydrogenogenic
carboxydotrophic species. 相似文献
10.
Purification of recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia methanolica and its use for the decolorization of anthraquinone dye 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia methanolica was produced constitutively in a defined medium. The recombinant laccase was purified using ultrafiltration, anion-exchange
chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated as 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The
purified recombinant laccase decolorized more than 90% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) initially at 80 mg l−1 after 16 h at 45°C and pH 5 when 25 U laccase ml−1 was used. The purified recombinant laccase could efficiently decolorize RBBR without additional redox mediators. 相似文献
11.
Kameshnee Naidoo Manimaran Ayyachamy Kugen Permaul Suren Singh 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2009,32(5):689-695
Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli produced an extracellular endoinulinase (9.24 ± 0.03 U mL−1) in an optimized medium comprising of 3% sucrose and 2.5% tryptone. X. campestris pv. phaseoli was further subjected to ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis and the resulting mutant, X. campestris pv. phaseoli KM 24 demonstrated inulinase production of 22.09 ± 0.03 U mL−1 after 18 h, which was 2.4-fold higher than that of the wild type. Inulinase production by this mutant was scaled up using
sucrose as a carbon source in a 5-L fermenter yielding maximum volumetric (21,865 U L−1 h−1) and specific (119,025 U g−1 h−1) productivities of inulinase after 18 h with an inulinase/invertase ratio of 2.6. A maximum FOS production of 11.9 g L−1 h−1 and specific productivity of 72 g g−1 h−1 FOS from inulin were observed in a fermenter, when the mutant was grown on medium containing 3% inulin and 2.5% tryptone.
The detection of mono- and oligosaccharides in inulin hydrolysates by TLC analysis indicated the presence of an endoinulinase.
This mutant has potential for large-scale production of inulinase and fructooligosaccharides. 相似文献
12.
G. R. Tortella O. Rubilar L. Gianfreda E. Valenzuela M. C. Diez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(12):2805-2818
This work presents a preliminary report of a series of studies on the ability of several indigenous wood-rotting fungi from
Chile to produce hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes and the evaluation of these native microorganism to future research on
potential applications in bioremediation programs. Wood-rotting Basidiomycete fungi were collected from indigenous hardwood
forest in the South of Chile. Twenty-eight strains were identified and qualitative enzymatic tests for peroxidases, laccase,
tyrosinase, xylanase and cellulase production were performed in solid medium. Eleven selected strains were evaluated in liquid
medium to quantify their ligninolytic enzyme production and their capacity to grow in solid medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenol
(2,4-DCF), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCF) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP degradation and ligninolytic enzymes production
were also evaluated in liquid medium. Results showed that laccase was present in 28 of the selected strains (≈73%). Peroxidase
was present in 40% and cellulase in 37% of the strains. Xilanase and tyrosinase were obtained in a smaller percentage in the
strains (28% and 7%, respectively). The 11 selected strains showed high concentrations of lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese
peroxidase (MnP). Anthracophyllum discolor (Sp4), produced LiP and MnP at 90.3 and MnP 125.5 U L−1 respectively, compared to the control fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium CECT-2798 that produced 58.1 and 118.4 U L−1 of LiP and MnP. Tolerance test showed that native Chilean fungi did not present high tolerance to 2,4,6-TCF and PCP but were
quite tolerant to 25 and 50 mg L−1 of 2,4-DCF. However, pre-acclimatization in 2,4-DCP notably improved the growth in medium with 2,4,6-TCP and PCP. PCP in
liquid medium was efficiently degraded by the fungi Anthracophyllum discolor, Lenzites betulina (Ru-30) and Galerina patagónica (Sp3), and the major MnP activity was produced by A. discolor (Sp4) (67 U L−1). 相似文献
13.
In vitro cultures of Berberis buxifolia were established using thidiazuron (4.5, 23 and 45 mM) or picloram (4 and 40 mM) as plant growth regulators for sustaining
growth. For producing berberine, a two-stage culture was performed. In the first step, thidiazuron or picloram were used for
biomass production followed by the production stage where benzylaminopurine (4.4 mM) was added as a plant growth regulator.
Berberine yields (102 mg g−1 DW) and in vitro shoot cultures (200 mg g−1 DW) were significantly lower than those of whole plants in the field (416 mg g−1 DW). The highest productivity (0.18 mg 1−1 day−1) was attained using picloram (either 4 on 40 mM) in the first stage for producing biomass. 相似文献
14.
We report here the degradation of a pesticide, malathion, by Brevibacillus sp. strain KB2 and Bacillus cereus strain PU, isolated from soil samples collected from malathion contaminated field and an army firing range respectively.
Both the strains were cultured in the presence of malathion under aerobic and energy-limiting conditions. Both strains grew
well in the medium having malathion concentration up to 0.15%. Reverse phase HPLC–UV analysis indicated that Strain KB2 was
able to degrade 72.20% of malaoxon (an analogue of malathion) and 36.22% of malathion, while strain PU degraded 87.40% of
malaoxon and 49.31% of malathion, after 7 days of incubation. The metabolites mal-monocarboxylic acid and mal-dicarboxylic
acid were identified by Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The factors affecting biodegradation efficiency were investigated
and effect of malathion concentration on degradation rate was also determined. The strain was analyzed for carboxylesterase
activity and maximum activity 210 ± 2.5 U ml−1 and 270 U ± 2.7 ml−1 was observed for strains KB2 and PU, respectively. Cloning and sequencing of putative malathion degrading carboxylesterase
gene was done using primers based PCR approach. 相似文献
15.
Sharma NN Sharma M Bhalla TC 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(9):1235-1243
Nitrilase of Nocardia globerula NHB-2 was induced by short-chain aliphatic nitriles (valeronitrile > isobutyronitrile > butyronitrile > propionitrile) and
exhibited activity towards aromatic nitriles (benzonitrile > 3-cyanopyridine > 4-cyanopyridine > m-tolunitrile > p-tolunitrile). Hyperinduction of nitrilase (6.67 U mgDCW−1, 18.7 U mL−1) was achieved in short incubation time (30 h, 30°C) through multiple feeding of isobutyronitrile in the growth medium. The
nitrilase of this organism exhibits both substrate and product inhibition effects. In a fed batch reaction at 1 L scale using
hyperinduced resting cells corresponding to 10 U mL−1 nitrilase activity (1.5 mgDCW mL−1), a total of 123.11 g nicotinic acid was produced at a rate of 24 g h−1 gDCW−1. 相似文献
16.
An artificial fusion protein of Arthrobacter oxydans dextranase and Klebsiella pneumoniae α-amylase was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Most of the expressed protein existed as an insoluble fraction, which was solubilized with urea. The purified fusion enzyme
electrophoretically migrated as a single protein band; M = 137 kDa, and exhibited activities of both dextranase (10.8 U mg−1) and amylase (7.1 U mg−1), which were lower than that of reference dextranase (13.3 U mg−1) and α-amylase (103 U mg−1). The fusion enzyme displayed bifunctional enzyme activity at pH 5–7 at 37°C. These attributes potentially make the fusion
enzyme more convenient for use in sugar processing than a two-enzyme system. 相似文献
17.
Haijun Wu Qingbiao Li Rui Lu Yuanpeng Wang Xiaoling Zhuang Ning He 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2010,37(11):1203-1209
The constant-rate fed-batch production of the polygalacturonic acid bioflocculant REA-11 was studied. A controlled sucrose-feeding
strategy resulted in a slight improvement in biomass and a 7% reduction in flocculating activity compared with the batch process.
When fed with a 3 g l−1 urea solution, the flocculating activity was enhanced to 720 U ml−1 in 36 h. High cell density (2.12 g l−1) and flocculating activity (820 U ml−1) were obtained in a 10-l fermentor by feeding with a sucrose-urea solution, with values of nearly two times and 50% higher
than those of the batch process, respectively. Moreover, the residual sucrose declined to 2.4 g l−1, and residual urea decreased to 0.03 g l−1. Even higher flocculating activity of 920 U ml−1 and biomass of 3.26 g l−1 were obtained by feeding with a sucrose-urea solution in a pilot scale fermentation process, indicating the potential industrial
utility of this constant-rate feeding strategy in bioflocculant production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. 相似文献
18.
Téllez-Téllez M Fernández FJ Montiel-González AM Sánchez C Díaz-Godínez G 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,81(4):675-679
Pleurotus ostreatus showed atypical laccase production in submerged vs. solid-state fermentation. Cultures grown in submerged fermentation produced
laccase at 13,000 U l−1, with a biomass production of 5.6 g l−1 and four laccase isoforms. However, cultures grown in solid-state fermentation had a much lower laccase activity of 2,430 U
l−1, biomass production of 4.5 g l−1, and three laccase isoforms. These results show that P. ostreatus performs much better in submerged fermentation than in solid-state fermentation. This is the first report that shows such
atypical behavior in the production of extracellular laccases by fungi. 相似文献
19.
Bettin F Montanari Q Calloni R Gaio TA Silveira MM Dillon AJ 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(1):1-9
Some conditions in media composition for laccases production, such as different sources of carbon and organic nitrogen, antifoams
and a surfactant, were studied in liquid cultures of Pleurotus sajor-caju strain PS-2001. Cultivation with fructose or glucose as carbon sources produced maximum enzyme activities of 37 and 36 U mL−1, respectively. When sucrose was present in the medium, the best results were obtained using 5 g L−1 of this carbohydrate, on the 11th day of the process, attaining laccase titres of 13 U mL−1. In a medium without casein, practically no enzyme was produced during the experiments; among the sources of nitrogen studied,
pure casein led to the highest titres of laccase activity. Different concentrations of pure casein and sucrose were also tested.
As to the different concentrations of casein, the addition of 1.5 g L−1 resulted in the highest titres of laccase activity. Negligible levels of manganese peroxidase activity were also detected
in the culture medium. In low concentrations, polypropylene glycol or silicon-based antifoams and the surfactant Tween 80
have no significant influence on the formation of laccases by P. sajor-caju. However, enhanced concentration of polypropylene glycol negatively affected the production of laccases but favored the titres
in total peroxidases, lignin peroxidase and veratryl alcohol oxidase. 相似文献
20.
Laura Pinilla Rodrigo Torres Claudia Ortiz 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(11):2521-2528
Two wild strains of Zymomonas mobilis were isolated (named as ML1 and ML2) from sugar cane molasses obtained from different farms of Santander, Colombia. Initially,
selection of the best ethanol-producer strains was carried out using ethanol production parameters obtained with a commercial
strain Z. mobilis DSM 3580. Three isolated strains were cultivated in a culture medium containing yeast extract, peptone, glucose and salts,
at pH 6 and 32°C with stirring rate of 65 rpm during 62 h. The best results of ethanol production were obtained with the native
strain ML1, reaching a maximum ethanol concentration of 79.78 g l−1. ML1 and ML2 strains were identified as Z.
mobilis, according to the morphology, biochemical tests and molecular characterization by PCR of specific DNA sequences from Z. mobilis. Subsequently, the effect of different nitrogen sources on production of ethanol was evaluated. The best results were obtained
using urea at a 0.73 g/l. In this case, maximum concentration of ethanol was 83.81 g l−1, with kinetic parameters of yield of ethanol on biomass (YP/X) = 69.01(g g−1), maximum volumetric productivity of ethanol (Qpmax) = 2.28 (g l−1 h−1), specific productivity of ethanol (qP) = 3.54 (h−1) and specific growth rate (μ) = 0.12 h−1. Finally, we studied the effect of different culture conditions (pH, temperature, stirring, C/N ratio) with a Placket-Burman′s
experimental design. This optimization indicated that the most significant variables were temperature and stirring. In the
best culture conditions a significant increase in all variables of response was achieved, reaching a maximum ethanol concentration
of 93.55 g l−1. 相似文献