Construction of two vectors for gene expression in Trichoderma reesei

We report the construction of two filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei expression vectors, pWEF31 and pWEF32. Both vectors possess the hygromycin phosphotransferase B gene expression cassette and the strong promoter and terminator of the cellobiohydrolase 1 gene (cbh1) from T. reesei. The two newly constructed vectors can be efficiently transformed into T. reesei with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The difference between pWEF31 and pWEF32 is that pWEF32 has two longer homologous arms. As a result, pWEF32 easily undergoes homologous recombination. On the other hand, pWEF31 undergoes random recombination. The applicability of both vectors was tested by first generating the expression vectors pWEF31-red and pWEF32-red and then detecting the expression of the DsRed2 gene in T. reesei Rut C30. Additionally, we measured the exo-1,4-β-glucanase activity of the recombinant cells. Our work provides an effective transformation system for homologous and heterologous gene expression and gene knockout in T. reesei. It also provides a method for recombination at a specific chromosomal location. Finally, both vectors will be useful for the large-scale gene expression industry.     

以木糖异构酶基因xylA为选择标记的Gateway系统植物表达载体的构建

目的:构建以木糖异构酶基因xylA为筛选标记的无抗生素标记Gateway系统植物表达载体。方法:克隆大肠杆菌木糖异构酶基因xylA并用其替换植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301中的hpt基因,利用载体中的多克隆位点将Gateway Binary Vector(pH7WG2D)中酶切位点XbaⅠ和HindⅢ之间包括P35S、T35S、attR1、attR2和CmR-ccdB的片段重组入表达载体pCAMBIA1301中,构建表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-GW,利用含有津田芜菁HY5基因片段的BP反应产物与载体进行LR反应,获得含有目的基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-HY5,并导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中。结果:抗生素筛选及酶切和PCR鉴定表明成功构建了以xylA为筛选标记的无抗生素标记植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-HY5。结论:利用木糖异构酶基因xylA结合Gateway克隆技术构建无抗生素标记植物表达载体,可简化、方便植物转基因表达载体构建。     

转录因子DREB1A基因的克隆与Gateway克隆技术构建植物表达载体

目的:研究转录因子DREB1A在植物抗渗透胁迫反应中的作用,并探讨利用Gateway克隆技术构建植物表达载体的方法。方法:根据GenBank中登录的DREB1A基因的全长mRNA序列设计引物,克隆了拟南芥的转录因子DREBIA基因。根据Gateway克隆技术的要求,设计含有attB接头的引物,利用高保真的PlatinumpfxDNA聚合酶,通过PCR方法在克隆基因的两端加上B序列。通过BP反应将包含有attB接头的PCR产物克隆到含有attP的donor载体上以产生Entry克隆,通过LR反应将已经重组入Entry载体的DREB1A基因再克隆到pH2GW7双元载体。结果:对重组载体pH2GW7-DREB1A的鉴定结果表明成功构建了DREB1A基因的植物表达载体。结论:利用Gateway克隆技术构建植物表达载体简便易行,该结果为遗传转化研究奠定了基础。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize (Zea mays) with Cre-lox site specific recombination cassettes in BIBAC vectors

The Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system has been applied in various plant species including maize (Zea mays) for marker gene removal, gene targeting, and functional genomics. A BIBAC vector system was adapted for maize transformation with a large fragment of genetic material including a herbicide resistance marker gene, a 30 kb yeast genomic fragment as a marker for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and a 35S-lox-cre recombination cassette. Seventy-five transgenic lines were generated from Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a maize Hi II line with multiple B chromosomes. Eighty-four inserts have been localized among all 10 A chromosome pairs by FISH using the yeast DNA probe together with a karyotyping cocktail. No inserts were found on the B chromosomes; thus a bias against the B chromosomes by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was revealed. The expression of a cre gene was confirmed in 68 of the 75 transgenic lines by a reporter construct for cre/lox mediated recombination. The placement of the cre/lox site-specific recombination system in many locations in the maize genome will be valuable materials for gene targeting and chromosome engineering.     

用于通路(Gateway)克隆技术的植物表达载体研究进展

通路(Gateway)克隆技术是根据λ噬菌体基因组和大肠杆菌基因组之间的位点专一性重组分子机制开发的一套分子克隆新技术.利用该技术LR反应构建目的基因的表达载体时不需要经过酶切和连接等繁琐而又费时的过程,因此,可以节省很多时间.为了扩大Gateway技术在植物基因工程领域的应用,最近有很多研究机构和研究小组开发了能用于组成型或诱导型表达目的基因、基因沉默、启动子分析、蛋白质亚细胞定位、蛋白质/蛋白质相互作用、多个DNA片段的模块化组装和DNA组片段功能验证等研究用的植物表达载体.该文对这些技术的研究进展进行了综述.     

Development of a Series of Gateway Binary Vectors Possessing a Tunicamycin Resistance Gene as a Marker for the Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana

We made two series of Gateway binary vectors, pGWBs and R4pGWBs, possessing a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase (GPT) gene driven by the nopaline synthase promoter (Pnos) as a tunicamycin resistance marker for the transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. The reporters and tags employed in this system are sGFP, GUS, LUC, EYFP, ECFP, G3GFP, mRFP, TagRFP, 6xHis, FLAG, 3xHA, 4xMyc, 10xMyc, GST, T7, and TAP. Selection of transformants was successful on plates containing 0.15 mg/L of tunicamycin. These vectors were compatible with existing pGWB and R4pGWB vectors for kanamycin, hygromycin B, and BASTA^® selection, and are useful new tools for making transgenic Arabidopsis.     

Stable expression of the GUS reporter gene in chrysanthemum depends on binary plasmid T-DNA

Three chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) cultivars were cocultivated with 2 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains in combination with 4 pBIN19 derived binary plasmids, all carrying the Nosnptll selection gene and 35Sgus(intron) reporter gene. All binary plasmids transferred DNA to chrysanthemum explants but only pMOG410 gave good stable expression of GUS. This plasmid differs from the other plasmids in 2 aspects: 1) It carries a restored nptll gene and 2) the selection gene is positioned at the left border side of the reporter gene. Cocultivation with AGLO(pMOG410) yielded up to 13 GUS positive shoots per 100 explants. The presence of the gus and nptll gene in recovered shoots was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis.     

A convenient set of vectors for expression of multiple gene combinations in plants

A set of vectors has been developed that simplify shuttling expression cassettes between small plasmids of high copy number ideal for experiments involving biolistic transient expression and a binary transformation plasmid. Three cassettes for the expression of a cloned coding sequence behind different promoters have been modified; combinations of these cassettes can be excised withNot I, and sequentially cloned into the transformation vector in a procedure that removes the first cloning site. The system is demonstrated by inducing anthocyanin synthesis with paired regulatory genes of maize biolistically delivered to a maize cell suspension, and then expressed in transformed tobacco.     

Low copy number plasmid vectors for gene cloning and for monitoring gene expression

Abstract Derivatives of an IncW incompatibility plasmid with a low copy number are described which can be used for gene cloning or for analysing gene expression in conditions similar to those found in the host chromosome. Gene expression can be monitored after construction of operon or protein fusions with the lacZYA operon and measurement in Escherichia coli of the β-galactosidase activity.     

Development of Gateway Binary Vectors,R4L1pGWBs,for Promoter Analysis in Higher Plants

We developed a new series of Gateway binary vectors for plant transformation, R4L1pGWBs, which allow easy construction of promoter:reporter clones. R4L1pGWBs contain a recombination attR4-attL1-reporter cassette, and thus an attL4-promoter-attR1 entry clone was efficiently incorporated by the Gateway LR reaction, resulting in the generation of an attB4-promoter-attB1-reporter construct. The reporters employed in R4L1pGWBs were β-glucuronidase (GUS), luciferase (LUC), enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP), G3 green fluorescent protein (G3GFP), G3GFP-GUS, and tag red fluorescent protein (TagRFP).     

Gateway cloning is compatible with protein secretion from Pichia pastoris

Secretion of a recombinant protein from the yeast Pichia pastoris requires the presence of a signal peptide at the amino terminus. Maintaining the full amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is thought to be important for proper signal processing and protein secretion. We show that at least for one protein, a synthetic human interferon, the presence of a Gateway recombination site within the signal peptide is fully compatible with high levels of protein secretion. The amino termini of the secreted interferon proteins cloned with Gateway and cloned with restriction enzymes and ligase are identical, and the proteins were highly active in biological assays. Compatibility with Gateway cloning simplifies construction of plasmids directing secretion of recombinant proteins from P. pastoris.     

Functional expression of heterologous UDP-galactose-4-epimerase in Agrobacterium sp. via a broad host-range expression vector

We report here the first functional expression of a heterologous protein in an Agrobacterium sp. strain (LTU261). A 1014 bp gene coding for the dimeric 79 kDa UDP-galactose-4-epimerase from E. coli was successfully cloned into a 11 kb broad host-range expression vector. Both expression level and activity level in Agrobacterium sp. LTU 261 were about one-tenth of the level obtained in E. coli from the same plasmid. The success of the heterologous expression in Agrobacterium sp. opens up possibilities for introducing new products into this organism and offers opportunities for improvement in production and modification of the existing bioproducts from this organism.     

Use of fused <Emphasis Type="Italic">gfp</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">gus</Emphasis> reporters for the recovery of transformed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis> somatic embryos without selective pressure

We developed an alternative methodology for in vitro selection of transgenic Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong plants using a bifunctional construct in which the coding sequences for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the β-glucuronidase protein (GUS) are fused. An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol was used followed by regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in the dark, to avoid the synthesis and the consequent autofluorescence of chlorophyll. This method is a clear advantage over antibiotic and herbicide selection in which survival of non-transformed tissue is commonly reported, with the reassurance that all the somatic embryos selected as GFP positive are transformed. This was subsequently corroborated by the detection of GUS activity in leaves, stems and roots of the regenerated plants. Without antibiotic selection, and performing the embryo induction in the dark, it was possible to attest the advantage of using GFP as an in vivo detectable reporter for early embryo selection. The fusion with the GUS coding sequence provided additional evidence for the transformation of the previously selected embryos.     

双价抗虫基因植物表达载体的构建

将蝎毒基因BmKITS和几丁质酶基因chitinase2个抗虫基因采用不同的启动子ubi或35S,连到2个高效的植物表达载体pWM101和pBI101中,2个重组表达质粒分别经过限制性酶切分析和PCR鉴定,实验结果表明2个含有双价抗虫基因的植物重组表达质粒均已构建成功．     

Optimising the tissue culture conditions for high efficiency transformation of indica rice

Establishment of high efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques has greatly accelerated the widespread application of transformation in japonica rice. However, transformation in indica rice remains difficult. In this study, we identify two new media for subculture and differentiation, the two major steps in the tissue culture process for transformation. These media were tested using four cultivars representing very different germplasms of indica rice. The results show that the new media significantly improved the growth rate and quality of the calli, and also increased the differentiation rate for all four cultivars tested. Use of these modified media in transformation experiments also greatly improved the transformation efficiency of all four indica cultivars.