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1.
C. R. Tyler P. Lancaster 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1993,163(3):225-233
The isolation and characterization of the receptor for vitellogenin from follicle membranes of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is described. Follicle membrane proteins subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequently to either protein staining or ligand blotting with radiolabelled vitellogenin (125iodine-vitellogenin) demonstrated that the vitellogenin receptor has an apparent molecular mass of 200 kD (probably comprising of two 100-kD subunits) under non-reducing conditions. The vitellogenin binding sites were identified as specific receptors: binding was saturable and the binding sites were both tissue specific to follicle membranes and exhibited ligand specificity. Scatchard analyses of specific binding data revealed a single class of binding sites with a high affinity for rainbow trout vitellogenin (K
d=8.2·10-9 mol·1-1). Both brown trout, Salmo trutta, vitellogenin and carp, Cyprinus carpio, vitellogenin were able to displace the radiolabelled rainbow trout vitellogenin from its receptor, although they were less effective than rainbow trout vitellogenin.Abbreviations
B
max
maximum number of binding sites available
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- bt-VTG
brown trout vitellogenin
- c-VTG
earp vitellogenin
- HEPES
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid
-
K
d
dissociatian constant
- NCM
nitrocellulose membranes
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride
- rt-VTG
rainbow trout vitellogenin
- VTG
vitellogenin 相似文献
2.
Inhibition of growth hormone synthesis by somatostatin in cultured pituitary of rainbow trout 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Takashi Yada Tetsuya Hirano 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1992,162(7):575-580
Summary When the pituitary of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was incubated in a serum-free medium, a high level of growth hormone release as well as an activation of growth hormone synthesis were observed, suggesting the existence of hypothalamic inhibitory factor(s) on growth hormone synthesis. Although an inhibitory effect of somatostatin on growth hormone release is well established in both mammals and teleosts, an effect on growth hormone synthesis has not been demonstrated. In this study, we examined the effect of somatostatin on growth hormone synthesis in organ-cultured trout pituitary using immunoprecipitation and Northern blot analysis. Somatostatin inhibited growth hormone release from the cultured pituitary within 10 min after addition without affecting prolactin release. Incubation of the pituitary with somatostatin also caused a significant reduction in newly-synthesized growth hormone in a dose-related manner, as assessed by incorporation of [3H]leucine into immunoprecipitable growth hormone. There were no changes in the level or molecular length of growth hormone mRNA after somatostatin treatment, as assessed by Northern slot blot and Northern gel blot analyses. Human growth hormone-releasing factor stimulated growth hormone release, although the spontaneous synthesis of growth hormone was not augmented. However, somatostatin-inhibited growth hormone synthesis was restored by growth hormone-releasing factor to the control level. The spontaneous increase in growth hormone synthesis observed in the organ-cultured trout pituitary may be caused, at least in part, by the removal of the inhibitory effect of hypothalamic somatostatin.Abbreviations GH
growth hormone
- GHRF
GH-releasing factor
- PRL
prolactin
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SRIF
somatostatin (somatropin release-inhibiting factor) 相似文献
3.
P. K. O'Connor B. Reich M. A. Sheridan 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1993,163(5):427-431
Rainbow trout were used to characterize the direct influence of growth hormone on hepatic lipid mobilization in vitro. Liver was removed from fish fasted 72 h, sliced into 1-mm3 pieces and incubated in Hanks' medium containing ovine or salmon growth hormone (0.28 ng·ml-1–28 g·ml-1). Lipid mobilization, resulting from triacylglycerol hydrolysis, was evaluated by fatty acid and glycerol release into culture medium. Control rates of fatty acid release and glycerol release were 0.95±0.16 (mean ± SE) and 0.88±0.28 mol·l-1·mg fresh weight, respectively. Both ovine growth hormone (28 ng·ml-1) and salmon growth hormone (28 ng·ml-1) stimulated fatty acid release into culture medium, increasing rates by 112% and 97%, respectively, during the course of a 24-h incubation. Glycerol release was similarly augmented by growth hormone treatment. Growth hormone-stimulated metabolite release became evident within 12 h and persisted for up to 72 h. The presence of amino acids in the culture medium potentiated the lipolytic action of growth hormone. Ovine growth hormone (28 ng·ml-1) in the presence of amino acids stimulated a 53% increase in fatty acid, and a 108% increase in glycerol, release over rates observed in the absence of amino acids. Salmon growth hormone (28 ng·ml-1) in the presence of amino acids stimulated a 53% increase in fatty acid, and a 44% increase in glycerol, release over rates observed in the absence of amino acids. Ovine growth hormone (28 ng·ml-1) also stimulated gluconeogenesis, as indicated by a 75% increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in liver pieces incubated in the presence of amino acids. These results indicate that growth hormone directly stimulates lipid breakdown in the liver of trout and that amino acids potentiate growth hormone-stimulated lipolysis.Abbreviations AA
amino acid(s)
- dGDP
deoxy-guanosine diphosphate
-
ED
50
50% effective dose
- FA
fatty acid(s)
- fw
fesh weight
- GH
growth hormone
- Hepes
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid
- MS-222
tricaine methanesulfonate
- MEM
minimum essential medium
- oGH
ovine growth hormone
- PEPCK
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PKc
protein kinase C
- rpm
revolutions per minute
- sGH
salmon growth hormone
- TG
triacylglycerol
- w/v
weight per volume
This paper was presented in abstract form at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, Dec. 26–30, 1991, Atlanta, GA 相似文献
4.
Modulation of catecholamine storage and release by the pituitary-interrenal axis in the rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S. G. Reid M. M. Vijayan S. F. Perry 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1996,165(8):665-676
This study examined the effects of pituitary-interrenal hormones on catecholamine storage and release in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. An extract of trout pituitary elicited the release of adrenaline, but not noradrenaline, using an in situ perfusion preparation. A variety of doses of adrenocorticotropic hormone (2–2000 mU) caused the release of both catecholamines in situ which was unaffected by pre-treatment with the ganglion blocker, hexamethonium, or the serotonergic receptor antagonist, methysergide, but was abolished in calcium-free media. Intra-arterial injections of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in vivo caused an elevation of plasma adrenaline but not noradrenaline levels. Injections of cortisol in situ did not elicit catecholamine release. Trout given an intraperitoneal implant of cortisol (50 mg·kg-1 body weight) had significantly higher plasma cortisol concentrations when compared to controls after 7 days of implantation. Increases in the levels of stored catecholamines were observed in various regions of the kidney and posterior cardinal vein following 3 and 7 days of cortisol treatment. The ability of the chromaffin cells to release catecholamines in response to cholinergic stimulation was assessed in situ after 7 days of treatment. Basal (non-stimulated) adrenaline outflowing perfusate levels were greater in the cortisol-treated fish. Cortisol treatment increased the responsiveness of the catecholamine release process to low doses of the cholinoceptor agonist carbachol. Three or 7 days of cortisol treatment did not alter the in vitro activity of the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase. The results of this study demonstrate that interactions within the pituitary-adrenal axis can influence both catecholamine storage and release in the rainbow trout.Abbreviations
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
-
AK
anterior third of the kidney
-
APCV
anterior third of the PCV
-
HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
-
MK
middle third of the kidney
-
M1
maximum value
-
MPCV
middle third of the PCV
-
MS222
ethyl-aminobenzoate
-
P1
pre value
-
PCA
perchloric acid
-
PCV
posterior cardinal vein
-
PK
posterior third of the kidney
-
PNMT
phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
-
PPCV
posterior third of the PCV
-
rbc
red blood cells
-
SEM
standard error of the mean
-
TK
total kidney (i.e. the sum of the AK, MK, and PK)
-
TPCV
total PCV (i.e. the sum of the APCV, MPCV and PPCV) 相似文献
5.
C. R. Tyler K. Lubberink 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1996,166(1):11-20
Membrane proteins from ovarian follicles, testis and somatic tissues of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were extracted by ultracentrifugation, separated on sodium dodecyl sulphate gels and isolated on polyvinyl difluoride membranes. Vitellogenin receptor proteins were visualised using protein staining and hybridisation with 125I-vitellogenin Four follicle-membrane proteins, with molecular masses of 220, 210, 110 and 100 kDa, showed a strong affinity for vitellogenin and were specific to the ovary. Other homologous lipoproteins (very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein) had a very limited ability to displace 125I-vitellogenin from its receptor, indicating that the ovarian receptor proteins were fairly specific for vitellogenin. Proteins with an affinity for very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were visualised in liver, spleen and muscle, eluting on sodium dodecyl sulphate gels with molecular masses of about 150 kDa. Peptides generated from trypsin digests of the receptor proteins with a high affinity for vitellogenin showed sequence homology with receptors in the lipoprotein family, including a sequence that is believed to act as the internalisation signal [Phe-Asp-Asn-Phe-Tyr-] and, a sequence identity with the recently characterised chicken vitellogenin/very low density lipoprotein receptor [Ser-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Ala-]. Together, the ligand blotting and peptide sequence data support the contention that the four ovarian membrane proteins isolated are receptor proteins specific for vitellogenin and they do not bind other plasma lipoproteins to any significant degree.Abbreviations
BSA
bovine serum albumin
-
HDL
high density lipoprotein
-
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
-
HPLC
high performance liquid chromatograph
-
PVDF
polyvinylidene difluoride
-
RIA
radioimmunoassay
-
rt-VTG
rainbow trout vitellogenin
-
SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
-
VLDL
very low density lipoprotein
-
VTG
vitellogenin
-
VRP-1,-2,-3 or -4
vitellogenin receptor proteins 相似文献
6.
T. Hartmund H. Gesser 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1995,165(3):219-229
With focus on metabolism not depending on contractility in myocardial tissue from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, the effects of high CO2 on lactate production, phosphocreatine, creatine, ATP, ADP, AMP and intracellular pH were examined under a blockage of cell respiration either alone or in combination with a glycolytic inhibition. Irrespective of metabolic interventions, a change in CO2 from 1 to either 11 or 5% of the gas mixture perfusing the muscle bath with 15 mmol·l-1 HCO
-
3
caused a drop of intracellular pH from 7.4 to either 6.5 or 7.0, respectively. An elevation of CO2 to 11% diminished the rate of anaerobic lactate formation and slightly lowered anaerobic energy degradation. The further addition of 1 mmol·l-1 iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis strongly enhanced the tendency of acidosis to lower energy degradation. Moreover, iodoacetate induced a parallel decrease in ATP and total concentration of phosphorylated adenylates and an increase in resting tension. These effects were all substantially dampened by acidosis and could not immediately be related to tissue content of energy-rich phosphates. Tentatively, the depression of resting tension was the prime effect and a cause of the other effects acidosis. However, these were not affected by an inhibition of resting tension development with 2,3-butadione monoxime. The results suggest that glycolysis protects the anaerobic myocardium also by means not immediately related to tissue energy state. Acidosis exerts a similar protection, which is marginal as long as glycolysis is fully active, but substantial with an inhibited glycolysis.Abbreviations
Cr
t
total tissue concentration of creatine
- G
PCr
energy liberated per mol PCr hydrolyzed
-
IAA
iodoacetate
-
PCr
phosphocreatine
-
PE
total tissue concentration of energy-rich phosphate bonds
-
pH
i
intracellular pH
-
P
i
inorganic phosphate
-
TAN
total tissue concentration of phosphorylated adenylates
- 2,3-BDM
2,3-butadione monoxime
-
SE
standard error of the mean 相似文献
7.
Changes in expression of provasotocin and proisotocin genes during adaptation to hyper- and hypo-osmotic environments in rainbow trout 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Susumu Hyodo Akihisa Urano 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1991,161(6):549-556
Summary The physiological roles of neurohypophysial hormones, vasotocin (VT) and isotocin (IT), are not yet clear in teleosts. Since information on responsiveness of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons to environmental stimuli may contribute to an understanding of their physiological roles, effects of environmental hyper- and hypo-osmotic stimuli on expression of VT and IT precursor (proVT and proIT) genes in rainbow trout were investigated, using an in situ hybridization technique in which 46 mer synthetic oligonucleotides were used as hybridization probes. The probes corresponded to the mRNA loci encoding chum salmon proVT (-5 to 11) and proIT (-5 to 11), and were labeled at the 3-end with 35S. Autoradiographic silver grains which represent the hybridization signals of proVT and proIT mRNAs were localized in both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the nucleus preopticus magnocellularis (NPOmg). Localizations of proVT and proIT hybridization signals coincided with those of VT- and IT-immunoreactive neurons in adjacent sections, and showed that proVT and proIT genes are expressed in separate neurons. The intensity of proVT hybridization signals as determined by grain counting in magnocellular neurons in the NPOmg was conspicuously decreased after transfer from fresh water (FW) to 80% seawater (SW). The proVT mRNA levels in SW trout were consistently lower than those of FW trout for up to 2 weeks. After return from 80% SW to FW, the proVT mRNA level increased, attaining the initial FW level. The proIT mRNA levels in SW trout were not statistically different from those in FW trout, except for the 1st day after transfer to SW. These results suggest that synthesis of proVT was elevated by transfer from higher to lower salinity, and that VT may have a physiological role in salmonid osmoregulation, especially in adaptation to a hypo-osmotic environment.Abbreviations
ABC
avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex
-
AVP
arginine vasopressin
-
BSA
bovine serum albumin
-
EDTA
ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid
-
cpm
counts per minute
-
FW
fresh water
-
GFR
gromerular filtration rate
-
ISH
in situ hybridization
-
IT
isotocin
-
mRNA
messenger ribonucleic acid
-
NPOmg
nucleus preopticus magnocellularis
-
OXT
oxytocin
-
PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
-
SSC
saline sodium citrate
-
RT
room temperature
-
SW
seawater
-
VT
vasotocin 相似文献
8.
M.T. Cairns M.C. Johnson A.T. Talbot J.K. Pemmasani R.E. McNeill B. Houeix A. Sangrador-Vegas T.G. Pottinger 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics》2008,3(1):51
A purpose-designed microarray platform (Stressgenes, Phase 1) was utilised to investigate the changes in gene expression within the liver of rainbow trout during exposure to a prolonged period of confinement. Tissue and blood samples were collected from trout at intervals up to 648 h after transfer to a standardised confinement stressor, together with matched samples from undisturbed control fish. Plasma ACTH, cortisol, glucose and lactate were analysed to confirm that the neuroendocrine response to confinement was consistent with previous findings and to provide a phenotypic context to assist interpretation of gene expression data. Liver samples for suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) library construction were selected from within the experimental groups comprising “early” stress (2–48 h) and “late” stress (96–504 h). In order to reduce redundancy within the four SSH libraries and yield a higher number of unique clones an additional subtraction was carried out. After printing of the arrays a series of 55 hybridisations were executed to cover 6 time points. At 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 168 h and 504 h 5 individual confined fish and 5 individual control fish were used with control fish only at 0 h. A preliminary list of 314 clones considered differentially regulated over the complete time course was generated by a combination of data analysis approaches and the most significant gene expression changes were found to occur during the 24 h to 168 h time period with a general approach to control levels by 504 h. Few changes in expression were apparent over the first 6 h. The list of genes whose expression was significantly altered comprised predominantly genes belonging to the biological process category (response to stimulus) and one cellular component category (extracellular region) and were dominated by so-called acute phase proteins. Analysis of the gene expression profile in liver tissue during confinement revealed a number of significant clusters. The major patterns comprised genes that were up-regulated at 24 h and beyond, the primary examples being haptoglobin, β-fibrinogen and EST10729. Two representative genes from each of the six k-means clusters were validated by qPCR. Correlations between microarray and qPCR expression patterns were significant for most of the genes tested. qPCR analysis revealed that haptoglobin expression was up-regulated approximately 8-fold at 24 h and over 13-fold by 168 h. 相似文献
9.
R. W. Schulz M. Andriske P. J. Lembke V. Blüm 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1992,162(3):224-230
Summary Male rainbow trout were treated with salmon gonadotropic hormone (GTH) at different stages of the circannual reproductive cycle; spawning fish were also treated with an antiserum against salmon GTH. Injection of GTH led to a several-fold increase of plasma sex steroid levels during spermatogenesis and in the spawning season but was without effect at early stages of testicular development. GTH neutralization during the spawning season was followed by a several-fold decrease of plasma sex steroid levels. During spermatogenesis and in the spawning season, both treatment regimes resulted in an increased sensitivity of testicular explants in response to a subsequent stimulation of steroid secretion in vitro. This up-regulatory response may facilitate and maintain the high sex steroid plasma levels observed during the spawning season. It may also be necessary to allow for concomitant peak values of plasma GTH and sex steroids in the spawning season, a situation difficult to understand within the negative feedback concept. The adaptive capacities of the testicular steroidogenic system indicate that it is not only an effector site for GTH but also an active part of the endocrine system controling reproduction.Abbreviations BSA
bovine serum albumin
- bw
body weight
- E2
17-estradiol
- GnRH
gonadotropin releasing-hormone
- GTH
gonadotropic hormone
- LH
luteinizing hormone
- OHT
11-hydroxytestosterone
- OT
11-ketotestosterone
- 17-20P
17-hydroxy, 20-dihydroprogesterone
- PE
pituitary extract
- raGTH
rabbit anti-GTH antiserum
- rPS
rabbit preimmune serum
- T
testosterone 相似文献
10.
Tohse H Murayama E Ohira T Takagi Y Nagasawa H 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2006,145(3-4):257-264
Physiological studies have suggested that carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays a central role in otolith biomineralization via ion transport. However, the presence and exact function of CA in the inner ear have not been determined. In the present study, to investigate the localization of CA and its involvement in otolith calcification, we cloned two cDNAs encoding CAs from the rainbow trout sacculus. These two cDNAs, designated rainbow trout CAa (rtCAa) and rtCAb, both had an open reading frame encoding 260 amino acids with a sequence identity of 78%. Remarkably, rtCAb has a high degree of homology (82%) with “high activity CA” in the zebrafish, and its mRNA expression showed variation in the range 1.9–11.4 × 104 copies/ng total RNA in the sacculus. In contrast, rtCAa mRNA was constantly expressed at approximately 3 × 104 copies/ng total RNA. In situ hybridization revealed that rtCAb mRNA was strongly expressed in the distal squamous epithelial cells and transitional epithelial cells, except the mitochondria-rich cells, whereas, rtCAa was localized in extrasaccular tissue. These results suggest that the rtCAb isozyme is involved in the daily increment formation and calcification of otoliths via phase and spatial differences of the bicarbonate supply to the endolymph. 相似文献
11.
D. J. Coughlin C. W. Hawryshyn 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1995,176(2):261-272
Polarized light sensitivity was examined in single units of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) torus semicircularis, a sub-tectal visual area with a high degree of ultraviolet sensitivity. First, chromatically isolated torus units with inputs from each of the four cone mechanisms found in the trout visual system were separately examined for e-vector sensitivity. UV ON-response units showed polarization sensitivity for vertical ly (0° and 180°) polarized stimuli, while ON-response units of the short, middle and long cone mechanisms were not polarization sensitive. No OFF-response units of the UV or short cone mechanism were observed, but OFF-response units of the middle and long cone mechanisms show polarization sensitivity for horizontally (90°) polarized stimuli. Second, e-vector sensitivity was observed in color-coded units which received inputs from more than one cone mechanism and showed different sign responses (ON or OFF) at different points of the spectral sensitivity curve. Biphasic units which had ON input from the UV cone mechanism and OFF inputs from the middle and long cone mechanisms showed polarization opponency. This opponency was observed with a 380 nm stimulus when the threshold sensitivities of the alpha-band absorption peak of the UV mechanism and the beta-band absorption peak of the middle and long cone mechanisms were equal. We believe that biphasic torus units provide a possible cellular basis for polarized light vision in rainbow trout.Abbreviations
UV
ultraviolet
-
S
short
-
M
middle
-
L
long
-
PS
polarization sensitivity
-
TS
torus semicircularis
-
ONR
optic nerve response 相似文献
12.
Thorgaard GH Bailey GS Williams D Buhler DR Kaattari SL Ristow SS Hansen JD Winton JR Bartholomew JL Nagler JJ Walsh PJ Vijayan MM Devlin RH Hardy RW Overturf KE Young WP Robison BD Rexroad C Palti Y 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2002,133(4):609-646
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely studied of model fish species. Extensive basic biological information has been collected for this species, which because of their large size relative to other model fish species are particularly suitable for studies requiring ample quantities of specific cells and tissue types. Rainbow trout have been widely utilized for research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. They are distinctive in having evolved from a relatively recent tetraploid event, resulting in a high incidence of duplicated genes. Natural populations are available and have been well characterized for chromosomal, protein, molecular and quantitative genetic variation. Their ease of culture, and experimental and aquacultural significance has led to the development of clonal lines and the widespread application of transgenic technology to this species. Numerous microsatellites have been isolated and two relatively detailed genetic maps have been developed. Extensive sequencing of expressed sequence tags has begun and four BAC libraries have been developed. The development and analysis of additional genomic sequence data will provide distinctive opportunities to address problems in areas such as evolution of the immune system and duplicate genes. 相似文献
13.
Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum B26 and Carnobacterium divergens B33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri. Thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with B26 or B33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. Moreover, both cultures persisted in the gut for up to 3 weeks after administration. The cultures enhanced the cellular and humoral immune responses. Specifically, fish fed with B26 demonstrated significantly increased phagocytic activity of the head kidney macrophages, whereas the use of B33 led to significant increases in respiratory burst and serum lysozyme activity. Also, the gut mucosal lysozyme activity for fish fed with both cultures was statistically higher than the controls. 相似文献
14.
The kidney is an organ playing an important role in ion regulation in both freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) fish. The mechanisms
of ion regulation in the fish kidney are less well studied than that of their gills, especially at the level of transporter
proteins. We have found striking differences in the pattern of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) expression between species. In the killifish kidney, NKCC is apically localized in the distal and collecting
tubules and basolaterally localized in the proximal tubules. However, in the SW killifish gill, NKCC is basolaterally co-localized
with Na+/K+-ATPase, whereas in FW, NKCC immunoreactivity is primarily apical, although still colocalized within the same mitochondria-rich
cell with basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase. Rainbow trout kidney has NKCC only in the apical membrane of the distal and collecting tubules in both environments,
with no signal being detected in the proximal tubule. On the other hand, in the trout gill, NKCC is found basolaterally in
both FW and SW environments. An important observation is that, in the gills of rainbow trout, the trailing edge of the filament
possesses mostly Na+/K+-ATPase-positive but NKCC-negative mitochondria-rich cells, whereas in the region between and at the roots of the gill lamellae,
most mitochondria-rich cells exhibit both Na+/K+-ATPase- and NKCC-positive immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the differential localization of transporters between
the two species represents differences in function between these two euryhaline fishes with different life histories and strategies.
Funding for this research was provided by NSERC Discovery Grants to G.G.G. and W.S.M., an Alberta Ingenuity Fund PDF, and
a fellowship from the NSERC Research Capacity Development Grant to F.K. 相似文献
15.
The effects of central (intracerebroventricular, 9 g fish–1) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, 4 mg kg–1) administration of bovine insulin, as well as the effect of hyperglycemia (oral administration of 1 g glucose fish–1) and brain glucodeprivation (intracerebroventricular administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose) on food intake and levels of brain (telencephalon, preoptic area, and hypothalamus) biogenic amines (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) were assessed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Treatment with insulin inhibited food intake after 26 or 52 h of administration, central or peripheral, respectively. This effect was still apparent after 74 h of central treatment. When assessing changes in the levels of biogenic amines after 26 h of central insulin administration, there was a significant increase in the levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and in the ratio of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine of insulin-treated fish, in telencephalon and hypothalamus, respectively. These results suggest that peripherally administered insulin is involved in a feedback regulatory loop with food intake and body weight. Moreover, at least part of the effects of insulin could be mediated by hypothalamic dopaminergic activity. The strong hyperglycemia induced by oral administration of glucose did not induce significant changes either on food intake (control versus treated), or in brain levels of biogenic amines. The intracerebroventricular administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose induced an increase in food intake without altering plasma glucose levels, suggesting that fish brain possesses a control system for detecting hypoglycemia in plasma and therefore keep brain glucose levels high enough for brain function.Abbreviations 2-DG
2 Deoxy-D-glucose - 5-HIAA
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid - 5-HT
5-Hydroxytryptamine or serotonin - DA
Dopamine - DOPAC
Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid - EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - FI
Food intake - HPLC
High pressure liquid chromatography - icv
Intracerebroventricular - i.p.
Intraperitoneal - MS 222
3-Aminobenzoic acid ethyl esther methanesulfonate salt - NA
Noradrenaline 相似文献
16.
Nocturnal emergence of juvenile rainbow trout from winter concealment relative to light intensity 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study examined the relationship between light intensity and the number of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) visible to a snorkeler during February in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho, USA. Fish were concealed in the substratum during daylight. Emergence from concealment was observed from 30 to 80 min after real sunset time and began when stars were first visible (pyranometric irradiance, 4.5 × 10–3 W–2). Densities of visible fish were negatively correlated with light intensity (r
2=0.81,P<0.001). Later at night, densities decreased in the presence of moonlight and artificial light. Fish were observed to feed at night. 相似文献
17.
18.
Tommy Andersson 《Cell and tissue research》1992,268(3):479-489
Summary Rainbow trout gonads were subfractionated by differential centrifugation with emphasis on obtaining preparations suitable for the study of steroid-metabolizing enzymes. A fractionation scheme was evaluated for the mature testis and for 3 ovarian developmental stages. The distribution of cell organelles among the fractions was determined using enzyme-markers and electron microscopy. The fractionation scheme was found to be suitable for separating mitochondria and microsomes which were recovered at similar yields to those that had been reported for other extraheptic fish tissues. Fractionation of the mature ovary was fraught with problems probably because a large yolk protein cytosole fraction interfered with the recovery of microsomes. However, no difference in the specific activity of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase between the various organ preparations was evident. The testis microsomes contained detectable amounts of cytochrome P450, whereas its content in the various ovary microsomes was too low to be detected. Progesterone 17-hydroxylase was detected in microsomes from testes and early developing ovaries, and microsomal aromatase activity was present in microsomes from early developing, mature and postovulatory ovaries. Furthermore, the testis microsomes contained a highly active UDP glucuronosyltransferase with testosterone used as a substrate. 相似文献
19.
Brown KH Lee RW Thorgaard GH 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2006,143(4):415-421
Chromosome set manipulation was used to produce rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with identical nuclear backgrounds, but different maternal backgrounds to determine mitochondrial effects on development rate and oxygen consumption. Significant differences in development rate and oxygen consumption were observed between groups from different females. Development rates ranged from a mean of 317.97 degree days (°d) to 335.25 °d in progeny from different females. Mean oxygen consumption rates ranged from 3.31 μmol O2 g− 1 wet mass h− 1 to 9.66 μmol O2 g− 1 wet mass h− 1. Oxygen consumption and development rate analysis revealed the two slowest developing groups had the highest oxygen consumption rates. Development rate differences between second generation clonal females indicate that mitochondrial genomes play a significant role on early development and are comparable to development rate differences between clonal lines of rainbow trout. These results indicate that selection for mitochondrial genomes could increase growth rates and possibly food conversion ratios in aquaculture species. 相似文献
20.
Christopher S. Cobb J. Anne Brown 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1992,162(3):197-202
Summary Tissue slices from seawater-adapted and freshwater-adapted rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to 125I-angiotensin II (1.01·10-9
M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. Binding/uptake was significantly inhibited by excess (10-5
M) unlabelled angiotensin II, suggesting specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II to the ventral and dorsal aorta (smooth muscle), urinary bladder (smooth muscle and epithelial lining), glomeruli and proximal tubules, the gill (lamellae and central filament), skin (epithelium), intestine and oesophagus (mucosal epithelium), liver, heart (ventricular myocytes), adrenocortical tissue and brain (cerebellum and medulla oblongata). The specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II to tissues of freshwater- and seawater-adapted animals were generally similar. However, binding/uptake by the proximal tubules was significantly higher in freshwater-adapted trout than seawater-adapted trout. Specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II by the smooth muscle of the bladder was significantly higher in trout adapted to seawater than trout adapted to freshwater. 相似文献