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1.
Anka and anka pigment production 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This study was conducted to determine the time-dependent changes of solid-state fermentation of rice with Monascus purpureus to produce anka and anka pigments. Growth of the fungus occurred prior to the synthesis of anka pigments. A steady increase
in the yield of pigments occurred between the 5th and 15th days. After 15 days, growth of the fungus on rice substrate ceased
and the yield of yellow anka pigments remained constant; however, orange anka pigments were reduced with a decreasing rate
of 3.6 mg/g anka/day. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 26, 280–282.
Received 27 December 1999/ Accepted in revised form 27 December 2000 相似文献
2.
Michael R. Johns Deidre M. Stuart 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1991,8(1):23-28
Summary The effect of physical and nutritional factors on the production of pigments byMonascus purpureus FRR 2190 was studied using cultures grown on both rice and a synthetic medium that was solidified with carrageenan and extruded into rice-like particles. Pigment yield was highly sensitive to physical parameters. Optimal pigment formation in rice cultures occurred at an initial pH of 6 and an initial moisture content of 56%. Lower moisture contents led to a large decrease in pigment concentration. Red and yellow pigment production on solidified gel media was increased up to three-fold compared to that of liquid cultures of the same medium composition, particularly when peptone was used as the sole nitrogen source. Solid state rice cultures gave the highest pigment yields. 相似文献
3.
Caesalpinia digyna, a tannin-rich forest residue, was used as substrate for production of tannase and gallic acid. Media engineering
was carried out under solid-state fermentation, submerged fermentation and modified solid state fermentation conditions for
optimum synthesis of tannase and gallic acid (based on 58% tannin content in the raw material). Tannase vis-à-vis gallic acid
recovery under modified solid-state fermentation condition was maximum. Conversions of tannin to gallic acid under solid-state
fermentation, submerged fermentation and modified solid-state fermentation conditions were 30.5%, 27.5% and 90.9%, respectively.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 29–38.
Received 02 November 1999/ Accepted in revised form 12 February 2000 相似文献
4.
Domínguez-Espinosa Rosa M. Webb Colin 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2003,19(3):329-336
Cereal grains are normally used as solid substrates for the production of Monascus metabolites. However, solid fermentation in these substrates requires complex control systems, whereas in liquid culture the control of the fermentation is simpler and consequently significant reductions in fermentation times can be achieved. In the same way, the use of submerged culture can benefit the production of many secondary metabolites and decrease production costs by reducing the labour involved in solid-state methods. A flour composed of a mixed variety of Canadian hard wheat was used as sole nutrient source to produce the pigments of Monascus purpureus Went (IMI 210765). Supplementation with NH4Cl promoted biomass and orange dye formation, whereas the use of zinc sulphate favoured red dyes production. In submerged fermentations significant differences in final pigment yields were observed in the use of wheat-based broth at different concentrations in the presence of bran particles and/or gluten protein. It has been found that the viscosity of the broth had a significant effect on the growth morphology and production of pigments. Gluten-free wheat flour at concentrations of 3–5% was found to be the most suitable for liquid Monascus culture. The subsequent use of passive immobilization of Monascus served to enhance red pigment yields and to facilitate the downstream processing of the dyes. 相似文献
5.
Sandra Fernanda Bilbao Orozco Beatriz Vahan Kilikian 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(2):263-268
The production of red pigments and citrinin by Monascus purpureus CCT3802 was investigated in submerged batch cultures performed in two phases: in the first phase, cells were grown on glucose,
at pH 4.5, 5.5 or 6.5; after glucose depletion, pH was adjusted, when necessary, to 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0 or 8.5, for a
production phase. The highest total red pigments absorbance of 11.3 U was 16 times greater than the lowest absorbance and
was achieved with growth at pH 5.5, followed by production at pH 8.5, which causes an immediate reduction of the intra cellular
red pigments from 75% to 17% of the total absorbance. The lowest citrinin concentration, 5.5 mg L−1, was verified in the same culture while the highest concentration, 55 mg L−1, was verified in cultures entirely carried out at pH 5.5. An alkaline medium, besides promoting intra cellular red pigments
excretion, strongly represses citrinin synthesis. 相似文献
6.
Solid-state fermentation, using sugar-cane bagasse, and submerged fermentation, using a semi-synthetic medium, were performed for pigment production byMonascus purpureus in both stationary and rotary conditions. Rotary cultures gave higher yields of crude red and yellow pigments than stationary cultures whereas twice the amount was synthesized at an earlier time (day 8) in liquid medium (1,285U yellow pigment/bottle, 1,728U red pigment/bottle). Supplementing the liquid medium with 0.6% (v/v) corn oil doubled the extracellular pigment yield but halved fungal growth. 相似文献
7.
The fermentation of rice for anka pigment production 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Optimal physical parameters of the solid state fermentation of rice to produce anka pigments and their influences on pigment
production were studied. Anka pigment production, especially that of two orange anka pigments (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin),
was highly sensitive to the moisture content of the rice substrate. Optimal initial moisture content of rice substrate was
24%. Pigment formation was retarded when extra water was added to the inoculated substrate during cultivation. High filling
amount of rice substrate in a flask was unfavorable for pigment production. Loosening of the inoculated substrate once a day
enhanced pigment production. With a high carbon dioxide level in the incubator, no orange pigments were detected. Freeze drying
the fermented material produced a superior yield of anka pigments, while oven drying at 50°C for 24 h was a reasonable alternative.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 141–146.
Received 27 December 1999/ Accepted in revised form 24 June 2000 相似文献
8.
A batch fermentation process for lipase production with the recombinant strain Staphylococcus carnosus (pLipMut2) was studied in a bubble column. The rates of growth and lipase production in this type of fermentor were compared with results from shakeflasks. It was seen that cultivation in the bubble column resulted in a prolonged lag time and a reduced lipase activity in comparison to flask cultures. However, by addition of catalase during the fermentation in the bubble column this different behaviour could be avoided.
Correspondence to: E. Wenzig 相似文献
9.
The lactone 6-pentyl-α-pyrone has a characteristic coconut aroma and is produced by Trichoderma species. A study on the fermentative production of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone in both surface and submerged conditions by Trichoderma harzianum was carried out. Maximum concentrations of 455 mg/l and 167 mg/l after 96 h and 48 h of fermentation in surface and submerged
conditions, respectively, were obtained without using any additional recovery operations. The resultant yields are higher
than those previously reported in the literature, which may be attributable to strain characteristics in combination with
the choice of fermentation conditions employed in the present study. Enough scope exists for further improvement in the yields
by optimizing the cultural and nutritional parameters.
Received: 13 July 1999 / Received revision: 19 November 1999 / Accepted: 19 November 1999 相似文献
10.
Monascus purpureus IB1 produces about 50-fold higher levels of azaphilone pigments than M. purpureus NRRL1596. Differently pigmented mutants were obtained from M. purpureus IB1 by nitrosoguanidine treatment. A highly pigmented strain, M. purpureus HP14, was found to lack the formation of the classical yellow and orange azaphilones and was found to produce only about
10% of the red azaphilone pigments. The intense color was associated with novel pigments as shown by high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC). The addition of hexanoic acid to M. purpureus IB1 resulted in higher volumetric and specific red pigment productivity, but in a complete absence of the classical orange
azaphilones, while the classical yellow and red azaphilone pigments were severely reduced; new peaks corresponding to less
hydrophobic pigments were found in hexanoic-supplemented cultures by HPLC. Purification of pigments from hexanoic-supplemented
cultures showed the presence of five new pigments as indicated by the absorption spectra and HPLC analysis. Two of them, R3
and Y3, were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance as 9-hexanoyl-3-(2-hydroxypropyl)-6a-methyl-9,9a-dihydro-6H-furo[2,3-h]isochromene-6,8(6aH)-dione
and 4-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxybutanethioyloxy)-3-methylphenyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylheptanoic acid. These pigments
were also found to be present in cultures of the high-producing mutant M. purpureus HP14. These new pigments are less hydrophobic than the classical azaphilones and may have better properties as natural colorants
in the food industry. 相似文献
11.
The effect of pH and nitrogen source on pigment production by Monascus purpureus 192F using glucose as the carbon and energy source, was studied in pH-controlled, batch fermentor cultures using HPLC analysis to determine individual pigment concentrations. A maximum of four pigments were detected in fungal extracts. These were the yellow pigments monascin and ankaflavin, the orange rubropunctatin and the red pigment monascorubramine. Monascorubramine was present as the major product in all instances. Fungal growth and ankaflavin synthesis were favoured at low pH (pH 4.0), whereas production of the other pigments was relatively independent of pH. The nature of the nitrogen source affected fungal growth and pigment production, independent of pH. Ammonium and peptone as nitrogen sources gave superior growth and pigment concentrations compared to nitrate. Ankaflavin was not detected in nitrate cultures. The highest red pigment production was obtained using a glucose-peptone medium at pH 6.5, due to the secretion of red pigments into the medium under these conditions.
Correspondence to: M. R. Johns 相似文献
12.
Summary Xylanase production by Aspergillus niger van Tieghem was studied in solid-state cultivation. The screening of substrates was carried out in column incubators aerated with humidified air at 30°C. Results of physiological studies showed that the best yield of xylanase was 2500 U/g dry matter on a mixture of straw+bran 1:1 at 70% of moisture content.In order to compare some properties of the xylanase produced in both liquid and solid cultures, A. niger was also grown on xylan in submerged cultures. The enzymes produced in solid and liquid cultures have an optimum pH of about 3.8 and 4.5, respectively. Xylanase synthetized in solid fermentation is a little more thermostable than that from liquid culture and is maximally active at 50° C, compared to 45° C for enzyme from liquid culture. 相似文献
13.
“Milking processing” describes the cultivation of microalgae in a water-organic solvent two-phase system that consists of
simultaneous fermentation and secretion of intracellular product. It is usually limited by the conflict between the biocompatibility
of the organic solvent to the microorganisms and the ability of the organic solvent to secret intracellular product into its
extracellular broth. In the present work, submerged cultivation of Monascus in the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 micelle aqueous solution for pigment production is exploited, in which the fungus
Monascus remains actively growing. Permeabilization of intracellular pigments across the cell membrane and extraction of the pigments
to the nonionic surfactant micelles of its fermentation broth occur simultaneously. “Milking” the intracellular pigments in
the submerged cultivation of Monascus is a perstraction process. The perstractive fermentation of intracellular pigments has the advantage of submerged cultivation
by secretion of the intracellular pigments to its extracellular broth and the benefit of extractive microbial fermentation
by solubilizing the pigments into nonionic surfactant micelles. It is shown as the marked increase of the extracellular pigment
concentration by the submerged cultivation of Monascus in the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 micelle solution. 相似文献
14.
White-rot fungi are extensively used in various submerged biotechnology processes to produce ligninolytic enzymes. Transfer
of the process from the laboratory to the industrial level requires optimization of the cultivation conditions on the laboratory
scale. An interesting area of optimization is pellet growth since this morphological form solves problems such as the decreased
oxygen concentration, limited heat, and nutrient transport, which usually occur in dispersed mycelium cultures. Many submerged
fermentations with basidiomycetes in pellet form were done with Phanerochaete, Trametes, and Bjerkandera species, among others. In our study, another promising basidiomycete, D. squalens, was used for ligninolytic enzyme production. With the addition of wood particles (sawdust) as a natural inducer and optimization
of mixing and aeration conditions in laboratory stirred tank (STR) and bubble column (BCR) reactors on pellet growth and morphology,
the secretion of laccase and the manganese-dependent peroxidase into the medium was substantially enhanced. The maximum mean
pellet radius was achieved after 10 days in the BCR (5.1 mm) where pellets were fluffy and 5 days in the STR (3.5 mm) where
they were round and smooth. The maximum Lac activity (1,882 U l−1) was obtained after 12 days in the STR, while maximum MnP activity (449.8 U l−1) occurred after 18 days in the BCR. The pellet size and morphology depended on the agitation and aeration conditions and
consequently influenced a particular enzyme synthesis. The enzyme activities were high and comparable with the activities
found for other investigations in reactors with basidiomycetes in the form of pellets. 相似文献
15.
The established Escherichia coli expression vectors ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pPLλ, pAsk75, pRA95, and pRA96, which differ in copy number, mode of induction, selection
marker, and use of par sequences for stabilization, were investigated for the stable expression of recombinant L-leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus with a view to large-scale production. Best results were achieved with pIET98, a runaway-replication system derived from
pRA96. Expression of L-leucine dehydrogenase was controlled by its constitutive B. cereus promoter and depended on host strain, cultivation temperature, induction time, and media composition. After cell cultivation
at 30 °C and shifting to 41 °C to induce plasmid replication, E. coli BL21[pIET98] yielded 200 U LeuDH/mg protein, which corresponds to >50% of the soluble cell protein. Continuous cultivation
in a semisynthetic high-cell-density medium verified structural and segregational stability over 100 generations in the absence
of a selection pressure.
Received: 19 July 1999 / Received revision: 4 November 1999 / Accepted: 5 November 1999 相似文献
16.
Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger in biofilm, solid-state, and submerged fermentations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Norma N. Gamarra Gretty K. Villena Marcel Gutiérrez-Correa 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,87(2):545-551
Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger was compared in three different culture systems: biofilm, solid-state, and submerged fermentation. Biofilm and solid-state
fermentations were carried out on perlite as inert support, and lactose was used as a carbon source in the three culture systems.
In cryo-scanning electron microscopy, biofilm and solid-state cultures gave similar morphological patterns and confirmed that
both spore first attachment and hyphal adhered growth are helped by the production of an adhesive extracellular matrix. Biofilm
cultures produced higher cellulase activities than those in submerged and solid-state cultures (1,768, 1,165, and 1,174 U l−1, respectively). Although biofilm cultures grew less than the other cultures, they produced significantly higher cellulase
yields (370, 212, and 217 U g−1 lactose, respectively) and volumetric productivities (24, 16, and 16 U l−1 h−1, respectively). Likewise, endoglucanase and xylanase activities were higher in biofilm cultures. Under the conditions tested,
it seems that fungal attached growth on perlite may favor better enzyme production. Biofilms are efficient systems for cellulase
production and may replace solid-state fermentation. Biofilm fermentation holds promise for further optimization and development.
The results of this work reveal that fungal biofilms may be used for the commercial production of cellulase employing the
technology developed for submerged fermentation at high cell densities. 相似文献
17.
Jeennor S Laoteng K Tanticharoen M Cheevadhanarak S 《Letters in applied microbiology》2008,46(4):421-427
Aims: To facilitate a cost‐effective preparation of spore inoculum with good capacity for gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) production from Mucor rouxii. Methods and Results: Sporangiospore production, mycelial growth ability and fatty acid composition of M. rouxii were determined. Compared with fungal cultivation on solid semi‐synthetic media, high spore production was achieved from M. rouxii grown on rice grains, particularly polished rice (30·7 g kg?1 initial substrate). Variations in the fatty acid profiles were found in the spores grown on different types of solid media, whereas the spores obtained at different ages from cultivated polished rice showed a similar fatty acid profile. Using the inocula from different spore‐forming media and culture ages, and low temperature storage, not much change in the vegetative growth of submerged cultures or fatty acid composition of mycelia was observed. Conclusion: The spores generated on polished rice exhibited a high performance for GLA production. Age of spore and timing of spore storage at low temperature did not affect on fatty acid profile of the mycelial cultures. Significance and Impact of the Study: The simple, low cost method of inoculum preparation can be applied for large‐scale production of GLA‐rich oils, which reduce a time constraint and variation in fatty acid composition. 相似文献
18.
H. Fukuoka T. Ogawa I. Mitsuhara T. Iwai K. Isuzugawa Yoko Nishizawa Y. Gotoh Yaeko Nishizawa A. Tagiri M. Ugaki M. Ohshima H. Yano N. Murai Y. Niwa T. Hibi Y. Ohashi 《Plant cell reports》2000,19(8):815-820
The NCR promoter (PNCR) from soybean chlorotic mottle virus (SoyCMV) was used to express the selectable marker, neomycin
phosphotransferase (nptII) gene, in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of both monocot (rice) and dicot (tobacco) plants. A multi-cloning site for insertion of a gene of
interest into the binary vector pTN is located proximal to the right border region of T-DNA. When chimeric genes under the
control of other strong promoters were located in a head-to-head orientation to the PNCR-nptII gene, kanamycin-resistant tobacco shoots were generated more efficiently than when using the original pTN vectors. This suggests
that the enhancer-like sequences in the promoters adjacent to PNCR may promote expression of the PNCR-nptII gene.
Received: 20 August 1999 / Revision received: 16 November 1999 / Accepted: 19 November 1999 相似文献
19.
M C Maldonado A M Strasser de Saad 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1998,20(1):34-38
Production of pectinesterase and polygalacturonase by Aspergillus niger was studied in submerged and solid-state fermentation systems. With pectin as a sole carbon source, pectinesterase and polygalacturonase
production were four and six times higher respectively in a solid state system than in a submerged fermentation system and
required a shorter time for enzyme production. The addition of glucose increased pectinesterase and polygalacturonase production
in the solid state system but in submerged fermentation the production was markedly inhibited. A comparison of enzyme productivities
showed that those determined for pectinesterase and polygalacturonase with pectin as a carbon source were three and five times
higher by using the solid state rather than the submerged fermentation system. The productivities of the two enzymes were
affected by glucose in both fermentation systems. The membranes of cells from the solid state fermentation showed increased
levels of C18:1, C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids. Differences in the regulation of enzyme synthesis by Aspergillus niger depended on the fermentation system, favoring the solid state over the submerged fermentation for pectinase production.
Received 12 May 1997/ Accepted in revised form 19 September 1997 相似文献
20.
Enhancement of tessaric acid production in Tessaria absinthioides cell suspension cultures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The total production of the sesquiterpene tessaric acid (TA) by cell cultures of Tessaria absinthioides at day 25 of the culture period reached 0.086 mg g−1 DW, with intracellular accumulation accounting for 0.059 mg g−1 DW. Dimethylsulfoxide-induced permeabilization of the cells effected both total production and extracellular accumulation
of the sesquiterpene to reach levels of 148% and 271%, respectively. Cultures treated with elicitor preparations of Verticillum sp., Monodyctis cataneae, Acremonium sp., and Aspergillus niger produced TA at levels of 281%, 197%, 149%, and 139%, respectively. Treatment of cell suspension cultures with cis-(-)-jasmonic acid (5 μM) increased production to 267%, whereas jasmonic acid pretreatment and subsequent elicitation raised external tessaric acid
to 702%.
Received: 16 December 1998 / Revision received: 02 November 1999 / Accepted: 19 November 1999 相似文献