固相萃取-HPLC法测定生姜不同品种和器官中姜黄素含量

用固定萃取-HPLC法研究了生姜不同品种、同一品种不同产地及不同器官中姜黄素含量.生姜干粉用4倍量75%乙醇提取2次,提取液过C18固相萃取柱,80%的乙醇洗脱,HPLC测定姜黄素含量.13个不同品种或产地的生姜中,山东、潮州和湖北产的山东大肉姜姜黄素含量分别为0.76、1.11和0.75 mg/100 g干重,广西白肉姜、云南黄姜、潮州南姜、安徽菜姜、四川姜、四川小黄姜、梅县水姜、清远火姜、广州疏轮大肉姜和有机栽培的广州大肉姜的姜黄素含量分别为1.5450、1.08、0.84、0.92、1.16、1.00、2.63、2.86、2.20和5.01 mg/100 g干重.有机栽培的广州大肉姜的姜肉、姜皮和地上部茎叶中姜黄素含量分别为4.49、1.2和0.41 mg/100 g干重.但生姜中姜黄素含量远低于贵州产姜黄的含量(2857 mg/100 g干重).结果表明,生姜中姜黄素含量主要取决于品种,栽培地理位置对其有较少的影响.有机栽培可大大提高姜黄素含量.     

5个生姜品种的蛋白电泳指纹图谱研究

目的：研究5个生姜品种的鉴定。方法：利用蛋白质聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）指纹图谱分析、鉴别5个生姜品种。结果：5个样品的蛋白质PAGE指纹图谱具有一定差异。结论：PAGE指纹图谱可用于生姜品种鉴定与质量评价。     

中国部分板栗品种坚果表型及营养成分遗传变异分析

以中国板栗主产区山东等10个省份97个板栗品种为材料,对其坚果表型性状及营养成分进行遗传变异分析。结果显示:（1）97个板栗品种间存在广泛的遗传变异,坚果表型性状及营养成分指标品种间差异均达到极显著水平;遗传变异系数均较大,最大达到0.378,遗传潜力较大;且所有性状重复力均在0.928及以上,受自身遗传因素控制较强。（2）坚果长度等表型性状间呈极显著正相关关系,淀粉含量等营养成分指标间为正相关关系,而表型性状与营养成分指标间表现为负相关关系,据此可将坚果表型性状、品质性状作为两个相互独立又有一定关联的综合因子。（3）进一步利用坚果表型和营养成分8个指标对97个板栗品种进行主成分分析,并结合多重比较结果,综合选出具有单个或多个性状优势的43个品种。研究认为,选出的43个板栗品种具有果粒较大,或营养价值较高,或二者特性兼有,初步选择为果型或品质优良的板栗品种资源材料。     

自然贮存条件下苹果的营养成分分析

对自然贮存条件下分别贮存了 2个月、4个月及 6个月的秦冠、红富士、新红星、北斗及黄元帅苹果果实的硬度以及主要营养成分 (果胶质、总糖、粗蛋白 )进行了统计分析和对比研究 ,结果表明 :在自然贮存条件下 ,苹果果实的硬度、果胶质、总糖及粗蛋白的含量均随贮存时间的延长而下降 ,不同的品种间及同一品种或不同品种在不同贮存时期的差异均极显著( P<0 .0 1 ) ;3种不同营养成分彼此间密切相关 ( R>0 .80 ) ,因此可以任取其中之一作为测试这些营养成分的指标。对于不同的品种而言 ,红富士、秦冠果实的硬度较大 ,其果胶质、总糖及粗蛋白含量也较高 ,说明秦冠和红富士为较好的耐贮品种。     

锥栗不同品种果实营养成分分析初报

对福建建瓯9个锥栗主栽品种的果实进行营养成分分析。结果表明,其果实营养成分均以淀粉、糖类为主,并含有较丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、纤维、维生素C及Ca、K、Mg、Mn等矿质元素;品种间多项含量值差异明显。     

壳聚糖生姜精油涂膜对鲜银耳活性氧代谢和组织超微结构的影响

为探讨壳聚糖生姜精油涂膜保鲜处理对采后鲜银耳活性氧代谢的影响,用浓度为1.0%壳聚糖-生姜精油处理新鲜银耳,测定其对鲜银耳抗病性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖生姜精油处理显著降低鲜银耳发病率及病情指数(P0.05);涂膜处理可在贮藏前期促进O■含量升高,并提高PPO、CAT和SOD活性,抑制POD活性。说明壳聚糖-生姜精油涂膜处理可以诱导银耳体内活性氧爆发,加速银耳体内活性氧清除反应,增强银耳抗病性,延缓鲜银耳采后成熟衰老。超微结构观察表明,壳聚糖-生姜精油成膜液形成致密的网状结构,附着在银耳表面,填充了银耳菌丝细胞空隙,隔绝外界微生物的侵染,防止鲜银耳水分及营养成分流失。     

南瓜品质资源的分析测试

本文对南瓜不同品种进行营养成分的分析和比较 ,为南瓜品质资源的筛选提供一定的实验依据 ,为南瓜作为蔬菜、加工或观赏提供恰当的品种     

阔他阿木特在植物分类学中的地位及其营养价值

根据历史资料记载进一步证实新疆是历史悠久的“梨乡” ,而阔他阿木特则为土户梨之一个品种。通过对阔他阿木特形态及结构的分析研究并经过深入的植物检索确定了阔他阿木特在西洋梨属 (Pyruscommunis.L)的一个地方品种地位。通过化学定性定量分析阔他阿木特中不确定之营养成分得以揭示 ,其具有较高的营养成分     

兔眼越桔花粉的超微结构和营养成分与其育性关系研究

运用透射电镜观察5个兔眼越桔品种的花粉结构并分别测定分析了花粉的营养成分,以探讨兔眼越桔花粉育性与其超微花粉结构和营养成分的关系.结果表明,兔眼越桔花粉结构中,内膜系统清晰可见,发育程度因品种而异.开花前的花粉细胞核仁较大,蛋白质合成旺盛.对花粉超微结构与营养成分间关系的比较分析表明:花粉细胞的全糖和脯氨酸含量与花粉发芽率呈正相关,兔眼越桔花粉壁的厚度、花粉细胞的蛋白质含量与花粉的萌发率无相关性,而内质网发育程度与蛋白质含量呈正相关趋势.推测兔眼越桔花粉细胞的全糖和脯氨酸含量对兔眼越桔花粉的发育及其育性具有密切的关系.     

紫苏籽主要营养成分分析

对紫苏籽主要营养成分进行分析,结果表明,紫苏籽含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质和脂肪酸,各品种间营养成分含量大多数差异极显著,在加工利用时应注意原料品种的选择。紫苏籽粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量平均为388.00g/kg和263.78 g/kg;脂肪酸组分以亚麻酸含量最高,平均为57.68%;其次是油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸,平均为24.67%、10.37%和6.83%;硬脂酸含量最低,平均为0.49%。各营养成分含量之间存在一定的相关性,计算出了拟合曲线方程。     

广西金钟山鸟类保护区鸟类多样性初步研究

本文共记录到金钟山鸟类274种,分别隶属于18目57科,其中陆生鸟类251种,水鸟23种;以留鸟为主,共157种;候鸟、旅鸟分别为104种、13种;东洋种为优势类群,共有171种,古北种和广布种分别为4种、27种。这些鸟类中有国家重点保护鸟类39种,中国特有种鸟类3种,列入世界自然保护联盟红皮书名录中的鸟类5种,列入中国濒危动物红皮书名录中的鸟类20种,列入CITES附录中的鸟类34种。本文还对金钟山鸟类保护区的5种不同生境类型的鸟类种类组成作了比较,结果表明灌丛＋农田的鸟种多样性指数最高,为3．04;水域的鸟种多样性指数最低,为2．14。     

河南大学校园鸟类初步调查

截至2010年12月,为期2年的河南大学校园鸟类调查共记录到鸟类44种,隶属11目、25科;其中雀形目鸟类28种,留鸟20种,夏候鸟18种,冬候鸟和旅鸟各3种,分别占总数的63.6%、45.5%、40.9%、6.8%和6.8%;区系分析表明东洋种9种,古北种16种,广布种19种,分别占总数的20.5%、36.4%和43.2%。整体表现出南北混杂,古北种鸟类较东洋种比例大,广布种鸟类较多的特点。在调查基础上,提出了一些校园鸟类保护的建议。     

甘肃崆峒山种子植物区系科的分析

崆峒山位于甘肃省平凉市境内 ,面积约 1 82 .5 2km2 。有野生种子植物 662种 ,隶属于 3 43属 ,88科。其中世界广布科 2 3个 ,占总科数的 2 6.1 4 %;热带科 3 5个 ,占 3 9.77%;温带科 3 0个 ,占 3 4.0 9%,并且单属科和少属科较丰富。虽然热带科的比例较高 ,但分布至该区的属和种大多是温带性质的。崆峒山的优势科是菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科、唇形科等 ,而表征科则是桦木科、麻黄科、胡颓子科、忍冬科、罂粟科、榆科、金粟兰科、虎耳草科等。该区系的起源有明显的古老性。     

贵州疣螈骨骼系统的研究

本文运用硬骨-软骨双染色技术对贵州疣螈（Tylototriton kweichowensis）的骨骼系统做了较全面的观察研究,包括头骨、脊柱和前后肢带骨,并对各骨块的形状、位置以及与邻近骨块的关系都作了详细的描述。最后,将贵州疣螈与东方蝾螈、有斑肥螈的骨骼系统进行了比较,为揭示蝾螈科属间演化关系提供一定的依据。     

银杏种子的生物学特性及贮藏

银杏种子是典型的生理后熟种子,种子含水量高,种皮通透性大,具有不耐脱水的特性,是非典型性顽拗性种子。银杏种子贮藏的关键是在保持种子活力的前提下,降低种子的呼吸强度,因此贮藏过程中温度、湿度和气体的调节是关键。涂膜处理、化学试剂处理、辐射处理和逆境处理等技术可有效提高银杏种子的贮藏品质。     

Principles of systematics and the system of bivalves

The systems of the class Bivalvia accepted in recent manuals are discussed. The system proposed by L.A. Nevesskaja, O.A. Skarlato, Ya.I. Starobogatov, and A.G. Eberzin (1971) is substantiated and updated. Morphological characters important for the establishment of taxa of different ranks are listed. Three superorders and 17 orders are established; two orders, which are restricted to the Cambrian and the beginning of the Ordovician, are placed outside the accepted superorders.     

Scaling of Folding Properties in Go Models of Proteins

Insights about scaling of folding properties of proteins are obtained bystudying folding in heteropolymers described by Go-like Hamiltonians. Bothlattice and continuum space models are considered. In the latter case, themonomer-monomer interactions correspond to the Lennard-Jones potential.Several statistical ensembles of the two- and three-dimensional targetnative conformations are considered. Among them are maximally compactconformations which are confined to a lattice and those which are obtainedeither through quenching or annealing of homopolymers to their compactlocal energy minima. Characteristic folding times are found to grow aspower laws with the system size. The corresponding exponents are notuniversal. The size related deterioration of foldability is found to beconsistent with the scaling behavior of the characteristic temperatures:asymptotically, the folding temperature becomes much lower than thetemperature at which glassy kinetics become important. The helicalconformations are found to have the lowest overall scaling exponent andthe best foldability among the classes of conformations studied. Thescaling properties of the Go-like models of the protein conformationsstored in the Protein Data Bank suggest that proteins are not optimizedkinetically.     

Application of Different Variants of the BEM in Numerical Modeling of Bioheat Transfer Problems

Heat transfer processes proceeding in the living organisms are described by the different mathematical models. In particular, the typical continuous model of bioheat transfer bases on the most popular Pennes equation, but the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation and the dual phase lag equation are also used. It should be pointed out that in parallel are also examined the vascular models, and then for the large blood vessels and tissue domain the energy equations are formulated separately. In the paper the different variants of the boundary element method as a tool of numerical solution of bioheat transfer problems are discussed. For the steady state problems and the vascular models the classical BEM algorithm and also the multiple reciprocity BEM are presented. For the transient problems connected with the heating of tissue, the various tissue models are considered for which the 1st scheme of the BEM, the BEM using discretization in time and the general BEM are applied. Examples of computations illustrate the possibilities of practical applications of boundary element method in the scope of bioheat transfer problems.     

Phylogenetic distributions of British birds of conservation concern

Recent studies suggest that species' life histories and ecology can be used to forecast future extinction risk. Threatened species often share similar traits such that if a trait predisposing a species to decline or extinction is evolutionarily conserved, then close relatives of threatened species are themselves likely to be at risk. The phylogenetic distribution of current threat has been argued to provide insight into the species that could be threatened in the future when trait data are not available. Conservation criteria are typically based on multiple indices that capture different symptoms of threat including population trends and range contraction. However, there is no reason to assume consistent phylogenetic distributions of different symptoms. I construct a molecular phylogeny of 249 species of British birds (more than 93% of the breeding and wintering species) and use this to show that the species that are threatened due to population declines are phylogenetically more closely related than expected by chance alone. However, species that are listed for other reasons, including range contraction, are distributed randomly with respect to phylogeny. I suggest that while phylogeny can be informative with respect to identifying clades that are susceptible to some measures of extinction risk, such patterns are likely to be idiosyncratic with respect to symptom and taxa.     

Areography of the Gymnosperms of China (1) Distribution of the Pinaceae of China

Nine of 10 genera and 119 of approximately 240 species of the Pinaceae occur in China, including 67 endemic species and two endemic genera. In this paper, the distributional maps of all the genera of the Pinaceae are presented (fig. 1-8). The horizontal and vertical distributions of species in each genus are discussed. The analysis of the distribution patterns of the genera indicates that some genera, such as Keteleeria, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are restricted to the area south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, and the others, i. e. Picea, Abies, Larix and Pinus, extend northward to northeastern China. However, all of the genera except Keteleeria and Pinus are not found in very dry areas and tropical mountainous regions of China. The monotypic genera, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are distributed in eastern and central China. The genus Keteleeria consists of 10 species, 7 of which are concentrated in southern Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southwestern Hunan and easternmost Yunnan. The distribution of the remaining 6 genera shows the maximum concentration in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. (Figs. 2-8). Furthermore, more than third of species of the Pinaceae (37.8%) are also concentrated in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. where a great variety of habitats and different topographic features occur. It is apparent that to conduct our systematic and evolutionary studies on this family in these region is especially needed. The relations between the areal size and the tolerance of species are discussed. The distributions of macrofossils and microfossils of the genera of the Pinaceae ia China are given, and it has been proved that areas of most genera of the family were considerably larger in the past. than at present.