秦岭地区大林姬鼠的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳分析了大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)心、肝、脾、肾和腿肌的 α-酯酶,β-酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明3种同工酶的活性在5种器官组织中均有明显差异,其中以肝组织的酯酶活性最高,不同器官组织的酶谱也有明显差别,如脾的β一酯酶仅有B区带,同一器官组织通常以α-酯酶活性高于β-酯酶。苹果酸脱氢酶在碱性溶液中染色,肝组织有明显的AB医。心肌与腿肌的苹果酸脱氢酶活性略高于其他组织。     

湖北大麦品种酯酶同工酶酶谱与地区分布关系的研究

对产于湖北的１０５份大麦品种,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行了酯酶同工酶酶谱分析,共得到８种酶谱类型。８种酶谱聚为４类,其中具酶谱类型Ｉ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅷ的品种约占供试材料的９４％,构成湖北大麦酯酶同工酶酶谱的主要类型。对这些品种来源地的分析表明,具有相同或相近酶谱的品种分布在一些相对集中的地区,这些地区的气候条件较相似。对湖北大麦酯酶同工酶酶谱类型与地区分布和气温关系的关系,以及酯酶在大麦引种育种生产实践     

西方蜜蜂四个亚种酯酶同工酶型和苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ同工酶基因型的遗传差异

The esterase (EST) and the malate dehydrogenase Ⅱ (MDHⅡ) isozymes in A. mellifera carpatica (C), A. mellifera ssp.(D), “Zhejiang Agricultural University No.1” A. mellifera ligustica (Ea) and A. mellifera carnica (K), and the genotypes of MDHⅡ isozymes in four subspecies of A. mellifera were analysed by IEF PAGE. The results indicate that the four subspecies of A. mellifera showed the same EST zymogram, while A. cerana showed a different EST zymogram, which suggests that the genotypes of EST isozymes in A. mellifera are different from those in A. cerana. The genotypes of the MDHⅡ isozymes in four subspecies of A. mellifera were aa, ab, ac, bb, bc and cc. The C and Ea subspecies exhibited high homozyosity, while D and K displayed high heterozyosity. The allele b appeared to be the highest frequency in C, while the allele c had the highest frequency in Ea. The frequencies of the alleles a, b and c in sub species D were very similar. The alleles a and c were common, while allele b was rare in sub species K. There were highly significant differences in genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, homozyosity and heterozyosity among these four subspecies.     

秸秆质外体蛋白对纤维素酶活力的影响

研究了玉米秸秆在储存过程中质外体蛋白含量的变化情况,及其对Penicilllumexpansum纤维素酶活力的影响。结果表明随着储存时间的延长,可抽提的玉米秸秆质外体蛋白的数量逐渐减少,与P.expansum纤维素酶的协同作用也随之减弱。储存玉米秸秆质外体蛋白没有内源性纤维素酶活力,而新鲜玉米秸秆有内源性EG活性,但它的稳定性较差,储存半年后基本降解或失活。储存秸秆质外体蛋白对FPA酶活力、棉花酶活力、β-葡萄糖苷酶活力有明显的增效作用,最大增效分别达到95.32%、102.06%和96.6%。而对CMCase却表现出抑制作用,最大抑制率为49.52%,质外体蛋白-EG-βG表现出明显的协同关系,而它对CBH酶活力没有影响。消除内源性EG的影响后,新鲜玉米秸质外体蛋白对FPA活力、棉花酶活力、β-葡萄糖苷酶活力的促进率,以及CMCase的抑制率均高于储存秸秆的质外体蛋白。可见质外体蛋白是天然纤维素酶解研究不可忽视的影响因素。     

秦岭地区大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳分析了大林姬属(Apodemus peninsulae)心、肝、脾、肾和腿肌的α—酯酶、β—酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明3种同工酶的活性在5种器官组织中均有明显差异,其中以肝组织的酯酶活性最高;不同器官组织的酶谱也有明显差别,如脾的β—酯酶仅有B区带;同一器官组织通常以α—酯酶活性高于β—酯酶。苹果酸脱氢酶在碱性溶液中染色,肝组织有明显的AB区。心肌与腿肌的苹果酸脱氢酶活性略高于其他组织。     

臭鼩酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的电泳研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶薄层(o.5毫米)等电聚焦电泳分析了臭鼩(Suncus m．murinus) 心肌、骨骼肌、肾脏、脾脏、肝脏和脑6种组织器官的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明臭鼩6种组织的酯酶同工酶分别具有11—24条酶带,存在着明显的组织特异性。实验还发现其酯酶同工酶存在异型酶。臭鼩6种组织的苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶则未发现存在明显的组织特异性。     

ABA诱导玉米叶质外体H2O2积累的机制

通过组织化学染色和电镜观察并结合酶活性分析表明,ABA可通过诱导玉米（Zea mays L、）叶片质膜NADPH氧化酶、细胞壁POD及质外体PAO活性的升高,使其质外体产生H2O2;其中质膜NADPH氧化酶起主要作用。     

Esterase and Malate Dehydrogenase Phenotypes in Portuguese Populations of Meloidogyne Species

Nonspecific esterases and malate dehydrogenases of 1-5 females from 40 root-knot nematode populations from Portugal were analyzed by electrophoresis in 0.4-mm-thick polyacrylamide gels. Fourteen major bands of esterase activity were detected, corresponding to 10 distinct phenotypes, Meloidogyne javanica and M. hapla had distinct species-specific phenotypes. Two phenotypes occurred in M. arenaria. The most variability was found among M. incognita populations. Of the remaining two phenotypes, one was associated with M. hispanica and the other belonged to a new species. Three malate dehydrogenase phenotypes were discerned on the basis of particular combinations of the eight main bands of activity found. As previously found, esterases were more useful than malate dehydrogenases in identification of the major Meloidogyne species. The host plant had no effect on the nematode esterase or malate dehydrogenase phenotypes.     

Variability of Storage Proteins and Esterase Isozymes in Vicia Sativa Subspecies

The relationships among 20 samples belonging to 6 subspecies of Vicia sativa based on the variability of seed storage proteins and esterase isozyme electrophoretic patterns was discussed in relation to variation in their morphology and chromosome characters. Electrophoretic protein profiles of different accessions of the same subspecies showed identical (e.g. macrocarpa and cordata) or similar (e.g. amphicarpa) patterns, confirming the stablity of seed storage proteins within these subspecies. However, considerable variation of protein patterns were observed within accessions of both nigra and sativa subspecies, which could be correlated to different geographical origins. Esterase pattern revealed a sharp distinction for each subspecies according to the number and loci of allelic bands. The dendrogram delimited the subspecies incisa and sativa as two separate groups, while the other subspecies were grouped together in another group.     

蜜蜂（Apis）苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究进展

苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）是糖代谢中重要的酶。在西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）中,MDH分为3个区带MDHⅠ、MDHⅡ和MDH Ⅲ。不同级型和不同发育阶段,MDHⅠ和MDH Ⅲ变化不大;MDHⅡ呈现多态现象,由a、b、c3个等位基因编码。东方蜜蜂（A.cerana F.）的MDH由S、F两个等位基因编码,也有报道它是单态性的。MDH在西方蜜蜂研究中应用较多,主要有处女王交配次数;蜂群中的劳动分工;蜜蜂种群遗传组成分析等。MDH和分子生物学的结合研究势必将推动蜜蜂研究的深入和发展。 Research Progress in Malate Dehydrogenase(MDH) of Honeybees LIU Yan-he1,ZHANG Chuan-xi1,XU Bao-hua2,3,CHEN Sheng-lu1 1.Institute of Applied Entomology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China; 2.College of Animal Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China; 3.College of Animal Sciences,Shandong Agricaltural University,Taian 271018,China Abstract:Malate dehydrogenase(MDH) is an important enzyme in glycometabolism.MDH of Apis mellifera showed three enzyme active zones,MDHⅠ,MDHⅡand MDHⅢ.MDHⅠand MDHⅢ maintained relative stability in different castes and developmental phases,but MDHⅡwas polymorphic,and controlled by three alleles,a,b and c.MDH of Apis cerana was coded by S and F alleles,but some authors reported it is monomorphic.MDH was applied to the studies of A.mellifera,which included several aspects as follows:the number of queen matings,labor division in honeybee societies,the analysis of genetic constitution in honeybee populations and so on.The combination of both MDH and molecular biology will certainly promote honeybee studies. Key words：honeybees;malate dehydrogenase(MDH)     

Malate Dehydrogenase Isozymes (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) in Long-Term Callus Culture of Cereus peruvianus (Cactaceae) Exposed to Sugar and Temperature Stress

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) isozymes in long-term callus tissue culture of Cereus peruvianus were studied in starch gel electrophoresis to investigate the control of differential Mdh gene expression under sugar and temperature stress. While two cytosol MDH isozymes showed an unchanged phenotype when the callus tissues were transferred to medium maintained at 22 or 37°C and containing different concentrations of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, the different combinations of five mitochondrial MDH (mtMDH) and two microbody MDH (mbMDH) showed different MDH isozyme patterns in the callus populations. Differential expression of mtMDH isozymes seems to be modulated at the posttranslational level in callus tissues exposed to different concentrations and types of sugar and to high-temperature and low-temperature stress. An inductor effect on the expression of mbMDH isozymes was observed under stress conditions and in long-term callus tissue, and they may also present different responses.     

Soluble and Bound Apoplastic Activity for Peroxidase, beta-d-Glucosidase, Malate Dehydrogenase, and Nonspecific Arylesterase, in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Oat (Avena sativa L.) Primary Leaves

An intercellular washing solution containing about 1% of the soluble protein, 0.3% or less of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but up to 20% of the peroxidase and β-d-glucosidase activity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.) primary leaves was obtained by vacuum infiltrating peeled leaves with pH 6.9 buffered 200 millimolar NaCl. After this wash, segments were homogenized in buffer, centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for soluble cytoplasmic enzymes. The pellet was washed and resuspended in 1 molar NaCl to solubilize enzymes strongly ionically bound to the cell wall. The final pellet was assayed for enzyme activity covalently bound in the cell wall. Apoplastic (intercellular washing solution, ionically bound, and covalently bound) fractions contained up to 76% of the β-d-glucosidase activity, 36% of the peroxidase activity, 11% of the nonspecific arylesterase activity, 4% of the malate dehydrogenase activity, but less than 2% of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of peeled leaf segments. The partitioning and salt-solubility of the enzymes between the apoplast and symplast differed considerably between these two species. Intercellular washing fluid prepared by centrifuging unpeeled leaves had higher activity for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, less soluble protein, and less peroxidase activity per leaf than intercellular washing solution obtained by our peeling-infiltration-washing technique. The results are discussed in relation to the roles of these enzymes in phenolic metabolism in the cell wall.     

Malate dehydrogenase isozymes in flax genotroph leaves: Differences in apparent molecular weight and charge between and within L and S

Ferguson plots demonstrated that corresponding malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozymes of Durrant's L and S flax genotrophs differ in apparent molecular weight (MW) and also in net negative charge. The MW differences explain heritable differences in electrophoretic relative mobility (R _m) between corresponding L and S isozymes. The MW for each MDH isozyme was higher for L than for S and resulted in a slowerR _m for L. The net negative charge for each isozyme was higher for L than for S. MDH isozymes also differ in MW within L and S. MW was lower for isozymes in leaves from the bottom of the stem than in leaves from the top of the stem, particularly in L. Integration of information on the MDH isozyme system in the flax genotrophs and information on the peroxidase system suggests the possibility that common modifier loci may controlR _m in both enzymes.The financial assistance of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada is acknowledged with thanks.     

甘蔗细胞质型苹果酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及其表达分析

对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum L.)叶片全长cDNA文库进行测序,获得了1个细胞质型苹果酸脱氢酶(cMDH)基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为Sc-cMDH。生物信息学分析表明,该基因全长1314 bp,开放阅读框为999 bp,编码332个氨基酸。Sc-cMDH与其他植物cMDH的氨基酸序列同源性高达86.5%～97.0%。Sc-cMDH包含典型的NAD+结合基元T11GAAGQI17和催化基元I184WGNH188,还有相当保守的6个半胱氨酸残基,因此推断该基因为细胞质型NAD-MDH。定量PCR分析结果表明,该基因在甘蔗叶片和根中的表达量高于茎。     

The Compatibility of d-Pinitol and 1d-1-O-Methyl-Muco-Inositol with Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

Pinitol (1d -3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol) and 1d -1-O-methyl-muco-inositol, two cyclitols wide-spread in the plant kingdom, were isolated from plant sources in order to test their compatibility with malate dehydrogenase activity. Both compounds had no inhibitory effect on malate dehydrogenase from Rhizophora mangle in a range of 100 to 1000 mol . m^?3. Their influence on malate dehydrogenase activity from different plant sources (Rh. mangle L., Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Cicer arietinum L. and Spinacia oleracea L.) was also small and similar to that observed for a number of well established compatible solutes (e.g. proline, glycine betaine). A possible role of cyclitols as cryoprotectants or radical scavengers is discussed.     

菠菜叶中存在两种谷氨酰胺合成酶同工酶

运用非变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳结合活性染色的方法,在菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L．)生长发育过程中,观察到叶片中至少存在2种谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS),其中一种GS的活性随发育进程而逐渐升高,而另一种GS的活性逐渐降低。在不同来源的成熟的菠菜叶片中同样观察到2种GS的存在。     

大麦花药离体诱导的基因型稳定性和培养基的环境指数分析

本研究以湖北啤酒大麦优良新品种（系）为材料,分析了基因型的稳定性、培养基的环境指数以及基因型与培养基的互作效应.各基因型花药愈伤组织诱导率的稳定性分析表明,E2具有较强的普遍适应性,但稳定性好的材料愈伤组织诱导率并不一定最高,各种配方培养基的环境指数值大小不同,方向也有正有负,基因型效应以及基因型和培养基的互作效应均达极显著水平。