曲克芦丁口腔崩解片的制备分析与质量评价

目的:研究曲克芦丁口腔崩解片的制备工艺和质量评价。方法:以乳糖、微晶纤维素和甘露醇为填充剂,通过正交实验筛选处方,采用直接压片工艺制备,以崩解时限和口感为指标考察其质量。结果:成功制备100片曲克芦丁口腔崩解片,其最佳处方见表2.制剂产品在30s内完全崩解。结论:采用直接压片成功制备口腔崩解片,工艺简单,质量符合药典要求。     

大枣泡腾颗粒的制备工艺研究

目的：确定大枣泡腾颗粒的最佳制备工艺。方法：采用单因素试验,以枸橼酸、碳酸氢钠为泡腾剂,用PEG 6000包裹碳酸氢钠,对大枣泡腾颗粒剂的辅料配比进行筛选。结果：PEG 6000与碳酸氢钠的比例为2∶1,枸橼酸与碳酸氢钠的比例为1.2∶1,制备的大枣泡腾颗粒崩解迅速,溶液澄清,无沉淀,口感良好。结论：大枣泡腾颗粒的研制为大枣相关产品的开发提供了科学依据。     

消糜阴道泡腾片配方工艺研究

目的：研发消糜阴道泡腾片新药,遴选最佳配方工艺技术参数。方法：采用正交试验设计及酸碱源分别制粒的方法,研究酸碱源比例、片剂含药量、润湿剂浓度、片剂硬度对泡腾片质量的影响。结果：酸碱源比例为1．25：1、片剂含药量为50％、润湿剂浓度为85％、片剂硬度为3—4kg／mm^2时消糜阴道泡腾片的pH值、发泡量、崩解时限检测合格,产品质量稳定。结论：配方工艺适合制备消糜阴道泡腾片。     

白内障超声乳化对角膜内皮细胞的相关影响因素

目的：旨在分析白内障超声乳化对角膜内皮细胞损伤的相关影响因素,以期在临床上指导白内障超乳手术的改进,提高手术质量,降低对角膜内皮细胞的损伤。方法：随机选取于我院行白内障超声乳化的125例125眼年龄相关性白内障患者,对可能影响角膜内皮细胞的多个因素进行分析。结果：各因素在术后1周和术后3个月的角膜内皮细胞损失率呈线性相关（F=2.13,P=0.017〈0.05;F=2.58,p=0.016〈0.05）;其中对超声乳化术后1周和3个月角膜内皮细胞损伤影响最强的因素均是核硬度（P=0.012,p=0.014）,其次为超乳时间（1周时P=0.005,3个月时P=0.034）。在术后1周内角膜内皮细胞损失率与核硬度、粘弹剂类型呈显著性相关（P=0.012,p=0.036）;在术后3个月与核硬度和术前角膜内皮细胞密度呈显著性相关（P=0.014,p=0.012）。结论：超乳时间、超乳能量、粘弹剂的类型、超乳模式、核硬度、术前角膜内皮细胞密度均与角膜内皮细胞的损伤有关,最危险的因素是核硬度,其次是超乳时间。     

多孔自凝固磷酸钙/纤维蛋白1：1比例血管化的分析研究

目的：观察复合纤维蛋白的多孔自凝固磷酸钙的理学性能及体内血管化情况,探讨其各组份对材料生物学特性的影响,为其临床应用提供实验数据。方法：1）采用凝固时间测定和电镜观察材料表面和断面等方法对复合支架材料构造和理学性能进行分析;2）将24只新西兰白兔随机分为3组,每组8只,分别在每只实验兔腰背筋膜下植入1：1、CPC两种比例材料各一枚。术后2、4、8周进行取材,对材料及其周围组织进行组织学观察、微血管情况定量分析。结果：1）CPC/FG复合支架材料以1：1（g/ml）混合后,与单纯的CPC相比,初凝时间延长,而终凝时间没有明显的统计学差异;电镜观察发现多孔自凝固磷酸钙复合了纤维蛋白胶之后,纤维蛋白胶分布均匀贯穿多孔自凝固磷酸钙晶体之间,并将其紧密相连;2）术后2周材料外周可见幼稚的微血管。1：1组高于CPC组（P〈0.05）。4周微血管密度达到高峰,相对于2周时有明显差异。1：1组高于CPC组（P〈0.05）。8周时微血管密度相对4周没有显著差异。各组微血管密度与4周时没有明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论：复合支架材料具有合适的凝固时间和较好的结构,纤维蛋白胶及其降解产物影响复合材料在体内的微血管密度,使复合材料血管化能力提高,其可作为细胞载体和骨缺损修复支架材料应用于临床和实验中。     

马铃薯馒头加工工艺研究

通过配制不同比例马铃薯—小麦混合粉,确定了制作馒头的工艺,并研究了马铃薯粉对馒头品质的影响。结果表明：随着马铃薯粉添加量增加,馒头比容减小,色差、硬度变大,当马铃薯全粉加入量为15%、酵母加入量为1.25g、水分加入量为55mL、发酵时间0.5h、醒发时间20min时制作的馒头品质较好。     

热水溶胡卢巴胶的流变性研究

主要对胡卢巴胶（热水溶部分）的流变性进行了研究。结果表明：浓度,剪切力,加热时间,pH,冻融等变化与胡卢巴胶的粘度有较大的关系。胡卢巴胶具有较高的粘度,当浓度达到1%时,其粘度为920mpa·s^-1,胡卢巴胶溶液为非牛屯流体;小于1h加热,可使其粘度增高。胡卢巴胶溶液在酸性和酸性溶液中较为稳定。冻融处理可使胡卢巴胶溶液粘度有较大幅度的提高,胡卢巴胶与卡拉胶有一定协效性,但其协效性较低。     

杨梅叶中花色苷提取工艺的优化

以乙醇作提取剂,恒温水浴震荡器为辅助仪器,利用单因素试验及正交试验确定花色苷的最佳提取工艺。结果表明：当乙醇含量为80%、料液比为1∶70、温度为60℃、提取时间为60min时,杨梅叶中的花色苷的提取率最高。     

可注射更昔洛韦温敏型原位凝胶剂的研究

目的：构建温敏型三嵌段共聚物,研究其理化性质以及用其制备的可注射更昔洛韦温敏型原位凝胶剂的制剂特性。方法：以聚乙二醇（PEG）作为亲水嵌段,丙交酯（LA）和β- 丁内酯（β-BL）的无规共聚物PBLA 作为疏水嵌段,采用开环聚合法合成温敏型三嵌段共聚物PBLA-PEG-PBLA,并对其理化性质进行表征,考察其溶液的胶凝温度/ 临界凝胶浓度、流变学性质、通针性和溶蚀行为以及以更昔洛韦作为模型药物、用其制得的可注射载药温敏型原位凝胶剂的体外释放特性。结果：合成的PBLA-PEG-PBLA 嵌段共聚物重均分子质量在6 000 左右,多分散系数为1.5 左右;其溶液临界凝胶浓度（g?mL-1）为5%~10%,质量浓度（g?mL-1）在10%~25% 时胶凝温度为31~35 ℃,接近并略低于体温;其凝胶在低温下储能模量与黏度较小,当温度接近相转变温度后两者迅速增大;其载药凝胶剂累计释放量经拟合显示遵循一级动力学方程,并呈扩散释药机制。结论：较低质量浓度[10%~15%（g?mL-1）] 的PBLA-PEG-PBLA 更符合玻璃体注射要求,更适用于制备可注射载药温敏型原位凝胶剂。     

多孔自凝固磷酸钙/纤维蛋白1∶1比例血管化的分析研究

目的:观察复合纤维蛋白的多孔自凝固磷酸钙的理学性能及体内血管化情况,探讨其各组份对材料生物学特性的影响,为其临床应用提供实验数据.方法:1)采用凝固时间测定和电镜观察材料表面和断面等方法对复合支架材料构造和理学性能进行分析;2)将24只新西兰白兔随机分为3组,每组8只,分别在每只实验兔腰背筋膜下植入1:1、CPC两种比例材料各一枚.术后2、4、8周进行取材,对材料及其周围组织进行组织学观察、微血管情况定量分析.结果:1)CPC/FG复合支架材料以1∶1(g/ml)混合后,与单纯的CPC相比,初凝时间延长,而终凝时间没有明显的统计学差异;电镜观察发现多孔自凝固磷酸钙复合了纤维蛋白胶之后,纤维蛋白胶分布均匀贯穿多孔自凝固磷酸钙晶体之间,并将其紧密相连;2)术后2周材料外周可见幼稚的微血管.1∶1组高于CPC组(P＜0.05).4周微血管密度达到高峰,相对于2周时有明显差异.1∶1组高于CPC组(P＜0.05).8周时微血管密度相对4周没有显著差异.各组微血管密度与4周时没有明显变化(P＞0.05).结论:复合支架材料具有合适的凝固时间和较好的结构,纤维蛋白胶及其降解产物影响复合材料在体内的微血管密度,使复合材料血管化能力提高,其可作为细胞载体和骨缺损修复支架材料应用于临床和实验中.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.