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Marmosets are New World small primates phylogenetically close to humans and are commonly used in biomedical research. Although the reproductive biology of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus is fairly well investigated, there are few data available for testis function for its close relative, Callithrix penicillata. In this regard, the present study was performed to investigate testis structure, spermatogenic cycle length, and spermatogenic and Sertoli cell efficiencies in eight captive C. penicillata. These animals received (3)H-thymidine injections and had their testes perfused-fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded in plastic at different time periods after (3)H-thymidine injections, for histomorphometric and autoradiographic evaluation. The analysis of the different germ cell associations showed that two or more stages were observed in about 30% of the seminiferous tubule cross sections investigated. The values found for spermatogenic cycle length and for total duration of spermatogenesis in the marmoset C. penicillata, 15.4 and 69.3 days respectively, were very close to those cited in the literature for humans. However, the results observed for Sertoli cell efficiency (number of round spermatids per Sertoli cell; 8:1) and spermatogenic efficiency (daily sperm production per gram of testis; 18.4 million) were substantially higher than those observed for humans. The results found in the present investigation suggest that the black tufted-ear marmoset C. penicillata might represent an alternative and useful experimental model to perform comparative studies regarding the spermatogenic process, particularly in investigations related to the expansion of spermatogonial stem cells and the establishment of spermatogenic waves. 相似文献
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C A Cuba V Ferreira M Bampi A Magalh?es P D Marsden A Vexenat M T De Mello 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》1990,85(4):459-467
Fourteen marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) were inoculated intradermally with promastigotes and/or amastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (L. (V) b.) strains MHOM/BR/83/LTB-300 MHOM/BR/85/LTB-12 MHOM/BR/81/LTB-179 and MHOM/BR/82/LTB-250. The evolution of subsequent lesions was studied for 15 to 75 weeks post-inoculation (PI). All but 3 of the L. (V) b. injected marmosets developed a cutaneous lesion at the point of inoculation after 3 to 9 weeks, characterized by the appearance of subcutaneous nodules containing parasites. Parasites were isolated by culture (Difco Blood Agar) from all 11 positive animals. The maximum size of the lesions was variable and ranged between 37 mm2 to 107 mm2. Ulceration of primary nodules became evident after 3 to 12 weeks in all infected marmosets, but was faster and larger in 5 of the 11 animals. The active lesions persisted in 9 out of 11 Callithrix until the end of the observation period, which varied from 15-75 weeks. In 3 animals spontaneous healing of their lesions (13 to 25 weeks, PI) was observed but with cryptic parasitism. In another 2 infected animals there was regression followed by reactivation of the cutaneous lesions. The appearance of smaller satellite lesions adjacent to primary ones, as well as metastatic lesions to the ear lobes, were documented in 2 animals. Promastigotes of L. (Leishmania) amazonensis (L. (L) a.) MHOM/BR/77/LTB-16 were inoculated in 1 marmoset. This animal remained chronically infected for 6 months and the lesion developed in a similar manner to L. (V) b. infected marmosets. No significant differences in clinical and parasitological behaviour were observed between promastigote or amastigote derived infections of the 2 species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Cross-fostering technique can be defined as adoption of infants by adults of other species. This phenomenon is poorly investigated because very young animals have few opportunities to interact peacefully with non-conspecific adults, either in captivity or in natural conditions. This study describes the induction of cross-fostering in captivity between white tufted-ear (Callithrix jacchus) and black tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). We conclude that this technique can be very useful for preserving the life of rejected by parents or orphan infants, mainly in the case of species with low reproduction rate in captivity or those threatened by extinction, as well for investigating the environmental effects on the typical behavior of species (courtship, food preference, vocalization patterns, e.g.). 相似文献
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A marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with atypical external genitalia was phenotypically and genetically characterized. Testosterone concentration correlated with that of female marmosets. Externally, there was only one opening for the urethra. Internal genitalia were characteristic of those of female marmosets, and consisted of ovaries, with follicles in various developmental stages, and uterus. Microscopically, a normal vaginal structure was found. An XX/XY chimerism and high steroid hormone values are normally found in common marmosets. Genetic analysis was used for in vivo determination of sex. The Y-linked zinc finger protein gene (ZFY) last intron, and sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) exon were found by use of polymerase chain reaction and posterior sequencing analyses, indicating that this marmoset had Y-linked chromosome sequences. Normal SRY exons can, therefore, be associated with female internal sexual organs in marmosets; this may be the first XY female described in non-human primates. 相似文献
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H Rothe 《American journal of physical anthropology》1973,38(2):561-565
For about 20 months the development of hand preferences in 21 experimentally naive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was examined in 15 different tests. Test preferences were compared with their spontaneous behavior preferences in such contexts as feeding, grooming, play, and others. In the spontaneous use of the hands, only eight animals showed a significant lateral preference (2 left-handed, 6 right-handed). During the test period, however, the number of handed marmosets increased to 19 (5 left-handed, 14 right-handed). Most of the animals fluctuated considerably in their preference levels, a situation which led to a remarkable test response inconsistency of handedness. When the test situation was changed, complete reversals of handedness were more frequent than weakening or strengthening of a particular preference. The animals' emotions during the test session and environmental variables affected handedness significantly. None of the tested marmosets showed an increase of hand preference from the first to the last test. Our results indicate that Callithrix is ambidextrous rather than handed. 相似文献
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Plasma aminotransferase values were measured in a large number of samples from male and female marmosets. There were no differences due to age or sex for either AST or ALT. Haemolysis affected values for both enzymes, though the effect on ALT was greater. 相似文献
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Barros Marilia Boere Vanner Mello Eldon L. Tomaz Carlos 《International journal of primatology》2002,23(2):443-454
We describe the behavioral repertoire of captive-born black tufted-eared marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) elicited by brief exposures to three potential mounted taxidermized predators (caracara hawk, Polyborus plancus; rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus; oncilla, Leopardus tigrina), and a stuffed toy. For each of the four stimuli, we submitted the subjects to a 9-min trial divided into three consecutive intervals: a 4-min pre-exposure baseline observation, a 1-min stimulus exposure, and a 4-min postexposure observation period. We positioned stimuli in front of each subject's home cage, and video-taped trials for behavioral analysis. During exposures to the potential taxidermized predators, we heard tsik-tsik vocalization and alarm behavior. After exposures, only the cat induced these reactions. All stimuli elicited observational reaction, albeit only during exposure intervals. Further comparisons between the three trial intervals indicated a decrease in the time spent in proximity to the cat during exposures, while an increase in proximity occurred when subjects were exposed to either the hawk or snake for the same period. Taken together, the behavioral responses during and after exposures to the taxidermized oncilla suggest that this stimulus is capable of inducing strong and persistent emotional reactions in Callithrix penicillata. 相似文献
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All adult marmosets tested had ureaplasmas in their throats but not in the lower respiratory tract, and rarely in the genital tract. Ureaplasmas persisted in the throat of a marmoset separated from the colony for 44 days. They could not be recovered from the animals for at least nine weeks after a course of minocycline. Airborne reinfection did not occur when these animals were surrounded by, but separate from, infected marmosets. It occurred when the minocycline-treated animals were caged with the infected marmosets or were inoculated. The genital tract was more difficult to infect than the oropharynx. 相似文献
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The frequency of minutia types was studied in finger prints of 77 males and 82 females. Dermal ridges were clearly printed by a revised method for this purpose. The fork index, which represents the frequency of forks in minutiae, is higher in females for each finger than in males. It differs on each finger, i.e., low on the digit I, high on the digits, III, IV and V, and intermediate on the digit II. The mean of the index for each finger distributes from about 15 to 24. Bilateral difference is not evident. The correlation coefficient between right and left hands ranges from 0.52 to 0.79. Forks appear more frequently in ulnar loops than in whorls. It is revealed that the occurrence of forks differs in dermal regions. 相似文献
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A five-year-old female common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) died after a one-month clinical course of nonspecific signs. Pathologic findings were acute diffuse fibrinonecrotizing enteritis and granulomatous endolymphangitis of intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic vessels. Both lesions were associated with a marked proliferation of Mayer's mucicarmine-positive, 4 to 15 microm yeasts that were surrounded by a wide clear halo. The infection was probably acquired by oral route. Other findings included moderate multifocal granulomatous and necrotizing hepatitis and mesangial nephropathy. Although the immunological status of this marmoset was unknown, cryptococcosis might induce primary lethal intestinal infections in callitrichids. 相似文献
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Boere V Pinheiro EC de Oliveira e Silva I Paludo GR Canale G Pianta T Welker A Rocha-de-Moura RC 《Journal of medical primatology》2005,34(3):156-162
There are few papers about physiological indices in Callithrix penicillata, an increasing primate model in biomedicine. We investigated levels of plasmatic cortisol, plasmatic glucose, free fatty acids, blood cells, tympanic temperature, rectal temperature in C. penicllata, under a fast restraint. Measures of body and weight were accomplished. Males and females were not different regarding any measurements. Body measurements indicated differences between adults and juveniles. Adults showed higher hematocrit and a tendency for higher free fatty acids than juveniles. Right tympanic temperature was higher in adults than juveniles. This result suggests a higher reaction metabolism in adults than juveniles under a restraint stress. Due to the short-time of collecting the data, plasmatic cortisol did not influence physiological parameters. Therefore, we suggest that present results could be considered referential values of C. penicillata physiology. 相似文献
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The morphology of the initial stages of implantation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) was studied by obtaining embryos and associated endometrium at timed intervals after ovulation. Estrus cycles were detected by measuring daily levels of plasma progesterone. Following a short follicular phase, circulating levels of progesterone above 20 ng/ml were taken as representing day 1 after ovulation. On this basis, single, twin, and triplet embryos were recovered from six perfused-fixed females on days 13, 16, 19, 23, and 29 after ovulation and prepared in resin for light microscopy. Early implantation stages, 13 and 16 days after ovulation, were characterized by the intrusion of syncytial trophoblast between epithelial cells of the endometrium with minimal cellular damage. Some hyperplasia of epithelium at the margin of the implantation site was evident. The consolidation of the initial attachment was achieved by an increase in syncytial trophoblast underlying the inner cell mass of the embryo which rapidly surrounded and breached maternal capillaries. Although initially separate, the chorions of twin or triplet embryos started to fuse by day 19 after ovulation. This process was complete by day 29 such that embryos shared a common uterine exocoelom surrounded by continuous trophoblast. It was concluded that implantation in the marmoset monkey commenced on days 11-12.5 after ovulation and involved an intrusive mechanism. Although trophoblast penetration of endometrium was superficial, maternal capillaries were tapped at an early stage of implantation. The fusion of chorions of twins and triplets first occurred around day 19 after ovulation. 相似文献
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P P van Buul 《Mutation research》1984,129(2):231-234
The induction of reciprocal translocations in spermatogonial stem cells of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was studied after irradiation with different doses of X-rays (50, 100 and 200 rad) via spermatocyte analysis many cell generations later. The obtained results show a dose-effect relationship with clear saturation effects at 200 rad. The recorded frequencies of translocations were much lower than those reported for closely related marmosets (Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus oepidus). Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. 相似文献
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Cashell E. Jaquish Suzette D. Tardif Robert L. Toal R.L. Carson 《Journal of medical primatology》1996,25(1):57-63
Abstract: Fifty common marmoset pregnancies were monitored using ultrasound. The objective was to ascertain if fetal mortality was related to litter size. Prior to analysis we determined abortion rate and litter size were not influenced by repeated ultrasound. Mortality was unrelated to litter size and occurred fairly late in gestation. All singletons born in this study began gestation as twins. It is hypothesized that marmosets may be able to adjust litter size late in pregnancy in response to proximate environmental factors. 相似文献
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The epithelium of the stomach and intestine of one and three days old as well as adult marmosets was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and was compared with already existing data of man and the laboratory rodents, rat, mouse and guinea-pig. On postnatal day (PD) 1, the enterocytes possessed an inframicrovillous membrane system and giant lysosomes which were absent in adult marmosets whereas the surface and glandular epithelial cells of the stomach showed all structures which were also typical for adult animals. Enterocytes rich in fat and glycogen were only present on PD 1. In the large intestine the vacuolated cells were more frequently seen on PD 1 and 3 than in adult marmosets. The endocrine cells of newborn animals corresponded to those in the gastric and intestinal epithelium of mature animals, occurred everywhere in the lower digestive tract and could be subdivided at least into EC, ECL, D and L and EG cells respectively; a further subdivision was not possible by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Compared with rats, mice and guinea-pigs mostly used for developmental studies of the digestive tract, marmoset monkeys differed especially from the gastrointestinal epithelium of rats and mice but also from guinea-pigs. By contrast comparisons with the human situation are difficult due to the lack of representative electron microscopic findings on the gastrointestinal epithelium. If one considers the close phylogenic relationship between marmosets and man, the marmoset data should be transferable to the human situation rather than the findings obtained for rats, mice and guinea-pigs. In the epithelium of the adult gastrointestinal tract clear-out ultrastructural differences could not be found between these species. 相似文献