慈竹叶精油化学成分研究

首次报道了贵州省慈竹叶精油化学成分的研究。竹叶精油提取率为 0 2 %。用气相色谱 -质谱 (GC/MS)联用仪分离出 87个化合物 ,确认了其中 2 4个 ,主要芳香物质为C5～C8的含氧化合物。     

河南栽培罗勒和丁香罗勒的香气成分差异分析

目的:分析河南栽培罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L.)和丁香罗勒(Ocimum gratissimum L.)成龄叶香气成分的差异。方法:于2015年7月在云南师范大学呈贡校区随机采取长势健壮、无病虫害的河南栽培罗勒和丁香罗勒的成龄叶(自下而上第5、6片叶),采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)进行检测;根据峰面积归一化法测定各个组分的相对百分含量。结果:河南栽培罗勒中检出24种香气物质,丁香罗勒中有26种。其中,1,3-二甲氧基苯、石竹烯、乙苯等是2种罗勒共有的主要香气成分。香叶醛、β-蒎烯、薄荷二烯是河南罗勒的主要特有香味成分;蒿脑、桉树脑及异龙脑是丁香罗勒的特有成分。结论:河南栽培罗勒和丁香罗勒种的叶片中香气成分的种类和含量存在明显差异。     

3个茉莉品种花蕾香精油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用固相微萃取法和GC-MS技术,对单瓣茉莉、双瓣茉莉和多瓣茉莉花蕾香精油化学成分进行了鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明,3个茉莉品种的花蕾香精油化学成分差异不大,其中单瓣茉莉有39种、双瓣茉莉和多瓣茉莉均为38种,其中萜类化合物27种,酯类化合物9种,烷烃类物质、醇类化合物、吲哚化合物各1种。含量较多的主要化学成分有对-孟-3-烯-1-醇、(-)-异喇叭烯、α-长叶蒎烯;其次是(Z)-3-戊烯酸己烯酯、乙酸苄酯、苯甲酸乙酯、4-丁酸己烯酯、2-羟基-苯甲酸乙酯、1H-吲哚、γ-榄香烯、反式-石竹烯、顺-α-没药烯、瓦伦烯2、苯甲酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯、γ-古芸烯等。占主要化学成分的27种萜类化合物中,倍半萜化合物有20种,其相对含量为单瓣茉莉63.13%、双瓣茉莉22.71%、多瓣茉莉19.68%。研究表明,茉莉花3个品种的香气高低顺序依次为单瓣茉莉>双瓣茉莉>多瓣茉莉,结果与感官审评茉莉花3个品种香气的高低相吻合。     

毛叶丁香罗勒精油的化学成分分析

西双版纳引种栽培的毛叶丁香罗勒精油用Finnigan-4510型毛细管色谱/质谱/计算机联用方法进行了化学成分分析,共分离了26个成分,鉴定了其中的16个成分,占全精油含量的98.5％。主要成分是:丁香酚(80.33％);罗勒烯(12.80％);β-毕橙茄烯(4.24％)。     

中草药“一口钟”的原植物鉴定及其精油的化学成分

云南,四川等省市售的中草药“一口钟”为蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)的果实.用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、标准品迭加和毛细管保留指数定性法,对其精油的化学成分进行分析.从分离的65个成分中,鉴定出36个成分,其含量占总组成的93.80％,主要成分是别香树烯(23.37％),1.8-桉叶油素(20.81％)、金合欢醇(9.95％)、α-水芹烯(8.30％)、δ-愈创木烯(5.95％)、δ-蒎烯(4.09％)、β-水芹烯(3.43％)、α-愈创木烯(3.15％)等.     

白兰花被片发育过程中香精油化学成分的GC-MS分析

用固相微萃取法萃取白兰(Michelia alba Dc.)花被片不同发育阶段的香精油,并用GC-MS对其化学成分进行鉴定,峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量.结果表明,白兰花被片5个发育时期的香精油的化学成分不同,分别鉴定出30、29、28、30和27种化学成分.含量较多的是萜类化合物、烷烃类物质、酯类化合物、酸类化合物和醇类化合物.有16种化学成分在3个以上时期能检测到,其中14种萜类化合物,1种胺类化合物和1种芳香化合物.有7种成分是第Ⅳ期独有的.由此推测,白兰花发育的第Ⅳ时期是窨制花茶或提取香精油的最佳时期,但在不能及时窨制花茶或提取香精油或远距离运输的情况下,选择第Ⅲ时期采摘更为合适.     

圆柏叶精油化学成分的研究

从柏科植物的圆柏中检出14个成分,占总量的90.1％。其主要成分为α-罗勒烯,含量59.97％。     

古墓中胡杨心材的挥发性化学成分

利用GC-MS联用技术分析了古墓中2000多年前胡杨(Populus euphratica)心材的挥发性化学成分,并应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对含量。共分析确认了31种挥发性成分,主要为倍半萜类化合物和酯类化合物。     

臭茉莉叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC-MS联用技术研究了臭茉莉叶挥发油的化学成分,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.分离出49个峰,鉴定了其中的34种成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总量的95.17 %.     

桂产罗勒挥发油化学成分的分析

采用GC-MS法建立桂产罗勒挥发油的化学成分分析方法。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取罗勒挥发油,用GC-MS联用技术分离并鉴定其成分,并用面积归一化法测定成分的相对含量。共鉴定出54个化合物,占挥发油总量的90.21%。桂产罗勒挥发油的主要成分是对烯丙基茴香醚、(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯、3,7,11-三甲基-(Z,E)-1,3,6,10-十二碳四烯,与文献报道的其他产地的罗勒油的化学成分存在显著差异。     

北艾蒿挥发油成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对北艾蒿挥发性化学成分进行了分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量。经毛细管色谱分离出26个峰,并鉴定出峰所对应的化合物。其主要化学成分为(Z,Z)-3,5-辛二烯(63.99%);2,5-辛二烯(10.08%);3,4,5-三甲基-1-己烯(3.55%);桉油醇(2.84%);长叶薄荷酮(2.36%);3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮(2.37%);樟脑(2.32%);十氢-1,1,7-三甲基-4-亚甲基-1H-奥(2.13%)等。     

西南风铃草挥发油的化学成分分析

西南风铃草（Campanula colorata Wall.）,又名岩兰花、土桔梗、土沙参,为桔梗科（Campanulaceae）风铃草属（Campanula Linn.）多年生草本植物,产于中国云南、贵州、四川和西藏,阿富汗和老挝等也有分布[1]。民间常以该种的根入药,主要用于治疗风湿、瘫痪、破伤风和虚痨咳血等[2]。有关风铃草属种类的研究多集中于生物学特性方面[3-4],对该属种类化学成分的研究报道尚不多见。     

印度獐牙菜挥发油化学成分的研究

研究了印度獐牙菜(Swertia chitayita Buch-Ham．)挥发油的化学成分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取、毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对印度獐牙菜挥发性化学成分进行了分离,经计算机质谱谱库检索对分离的化合物进行鉴定,并用已知烃类进行标定,共确定了其中63种化合物,所鉴定出的化合物含量占全挥发油的81．36％;用峰面积归一化法测定了各化学成分的相对含量。研究结果表明,印度獐牙菜的主要化学成分为：十六烷酸乙酯(19．54％)、4-(苯甲基)哌啶(11．72％)、油酸乙酯(7．82％)、丁基化羟基甲苯(6．70％)、亚油酸乙酯(5．80％)、丁二酸二乙酯(3．21％)、3a,6a-二氢-2(3H,4H)环戊二烯并[b]呋喃酮(2．13％)等。     

UV-B is required for normal development of oil glands in Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil)

Plants of Ocimum basilicum L. grown under glass were exposed to short treatments with supplementary UV-B. The effect of UV-B on volatile essential oil content was analysed and compared with morphological effects on the peltate and capitate glandular trichomes. In the absence of UV-B, both peltate and capitate glands were incompletely developed in both mature and developing leaves, the oil sacs being wrinkled and only partially filled. UV-B was found to have two main effects on the glandular trichomes. During the first 4 d of treatment, both peltate and capitate glands filled and their morphology reflected their 'normal' mature development as reported in the literature. During the following days there was a large increase in the number of broken oil sacs among the peltate glands as the mature glands broke open, releasing volatiles. Neither the number of glands nor the qualitative or quantitative composition of the volatiles was affected by UV-B. There seems to be a requirement for UV-B for the filling of the glandular trichomes of basil.     

Essential‐Oil Variability in a Collection of Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil) Cultivars

Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant of great tradition in the Mediterranean area. Its economic importance is growing up determining an expansion of cultivation. This paper evaluated the morphological traits, the chemical profiles, and antibacterial activity of 21 cultivars of basil belonging to ?Genovese?, ?Napoletano?, and ?Purple basil? types. The cultivars were characterized by different growth rate and morphological traits. The chemical composition of the oils analyzed by GC and GC/MS analysis, supported by the PCA analysis, underlined the strong influence of chemotype. It is noteworthy that estragole, never present in Genovese and purple basil types, occurred in Napoletano type. The high presence of eugenol, methyl eugenol, and linalool in the majority of cultivars, belonging both to Genovese and to Napoletano types was registered. Of great interest resulted the composition of the purple basil ?Opal?. All the samples tested exhibited similar antibiotic profiles with moderate antibacterial activity. The results enhanced the importance of determination of essential‐oil profile in the selection of cultivars characterized by diverse morphological traits and are useful for different purposes.     

雪菊挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用微波提取及气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)与计算机检索联用技术,对雪菊挥发油的化学组分进行分析和鉴定.从该挥发油中检测出54个峰,确定了其中的43个化合物,其含量占全油的88．28％,主要成分为(1R)-右旋樟脑(3．68％)、大根香叶烯(4．63％)、二十烷(5．20％)、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(8．32％)、(2R-cis)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-八氢-α,α,4,8-四甲基-2-萘甲醇(18．30％)、等.采用微波提取方法具有时间短、提取率高等优点;首次系统分析了雪菊中挥发油的组成和相对含量,为其质量评价和进一步开发利用提供理论依据.     

Inhibitory effects of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum on Colletotrichum musae: The causal agent of bananas anthracnose

This study aimed to investigate the fungicidal effects of essential oils (EO) from Ocimum sp. on Colletotrichum musae. The fungus was isolated from bananas that showed typical symptoms of anthracnose followed by molecular identification. Oils were obtained by hydro‐distillation, and the chemical constituents were analysed using gas chromatography. The antifungal activity of the oils was tested in vitro against mycelia growth and conidia germination. In situ tests were carried out by spraying the oil on healthy bananas followed by the inoculation with C. musae conidia and the assessment of the necrosis symptoms. The obtained results revealed that the yield of the oil extracted from Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum were 0.17% and 0.40%, respectively. Thujanol (24.38%), eugenol (23.78%) and (Z)‐ß‐ocimene (16.59%) were the main components found in O. basilicum while thymol (42.65%), trans‐sabinene hydrate (21.63%) and limonene (8.68%) were the major components found in O. gratissimum. The total reduction in the C. musae mycelial growth was observed at 800 and 275 µl/L, for the O. basilicum and O. gratissimum oils, respectively. These oils also inhibited completely the conidia germination at 400 and 185 µl/L. In situ tests showed the necrosis reduction bananas anthracnose. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the preventive and curative test after the application of O. basilicum oil was 6,000 and 4,000 µl/L, respectively, whereas for the O. gratissimum oil, the MIC was 3,000 and 1,000 µl/L, jointly. Positive correlations were identified between the oil concentration and the reduction in bananas necrosis. These results indicated that the O. gratissimum EOs might be used as a biocide for the control of bananas anthracnose disease.     

苦豆子豆籽油化学成分研究

采用气相色谱/质谱联用,首次对苦豆子豆籽油化学成分进行了研究,检出了43种化学成分鉴定了25种成分。苦豆子豆籽油的主要成分为生物碱、有机酸及甾体类化合物。     

紫娇花挥发油成分的GC-MS分析及抗氧化能力测定

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和固相微萃取法提取紫娇花不同部位的挥发油,结合气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)与计算机检索联用技术对其化学成分进行分析和鉴定,用面积归一化法测定各组分的相对含量,并对该挥发油清除DPPH·自由基能力和总抗氧化能力进行了研究。结果表明:紫娇花挥发油具有成分及相对含量差异大、成分较简单、化合物种类以含硫化合物为主的特点。两种方法在紫娇花不同部位挥发油中共检测出了16种化学成分,以硫醚类和含硫烃类化合物为主,相对含量占总成分在80%以上,其中Disulfide,bis(2-sulfhydrylethyl)-含量最高,其余许多成分还具有一定的药用价值。两种方法所得到的挥发油化学成分具有一定的差异性,固相微萃取法对醇类、醛类和酯类物质提取效果较好,而水蒸气蒸馏法对含硫烃类、硫醚类和萜类的提取效果更好。实验条件下紫娇花挥发油清除DPPH·自由基的IC_(50)为17.46 mg·mL~(-1),清除率可达54.86%;紫娇花挥发油在相同条件下较L-抗坏血酸具有更强的总抗氧化力。该研究结果为进一步开发利用该植物资源提供了理论依据。