喀斯特高寒干旱区不同经济树种的碳氮磷钾生态化学计量特征

探讨喀斯特高寒干旱区不同经济树种碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量及生态化学计量特征,丰富对"内稳态理论"、"生长速率理论"和生态系统养分限制状况的理解,为改善喀斯特生态环境提供理论支撑。本文以毕节市七星关区撒拉溪示范区的刺梨(Rosa roxburghii)、核桃(Juglans regia)2种主要经济树种作为研究对象,分析比较不同经济树种的养分含量特征、生态化学计量特征以及"叶片-凋落物-土壤"C、N、P含量和计量比之间的关系。结果表明:(1)2种经济树种不同组分中,核桃叶片有机C含量最高(均值为436.73 mg/g),刺梨叶片全N、全P含量最大(均值为20.77、2.10 mg/g),全K含量则为核桃根区土壤中最丰富(均值为17.07 mg/g)。核桃根区土壤速效K含量高于刺梨,表明核桃具有较好的耐旱性。(2)刺梨N再吸收率(19.23%)显著高于核桃N再吸收率(4.05%),表明与核桃相比,刺梨根区土壤N元素匮乏。(3)生态化学计量特征总体呈现出凋落物叶片根区土壤的规律。刺梨叶片N∶P低于14,说明刺梨生长时主要受N限制。刺梨叶片C∶P、N∶P低于核桃,推测栽种年限相同时,刺梨树种生长速率高于核桃树种。凋落物N∶P表现为核桃刺梨,故核桃凋落物能保留更多养分。核桃根区土壤C∶N高于刺梨,说明核桃地保肥能力较好。(4)根区土壤全P与叶片全P呈极显著正相关,说明植物叶片中P主要来源于土壤。根区土壤全N与凋落物C∶N呈极显著正相关,可见根区土壤中N含量与凋落物分解密切相关。     

Book Reviews

Books review in this article:
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology (5th edition) by J. R. Cooper, F. E. Bloom, and R. H. Roth
Animal Cell Culture, a Practical Approach by R. I. Freshney
Folates and Pterins. Nutritional Pharmacological and Physiological Aspects , Vol. 3 edited by R. L. Blakley and V. M. Whitehead
MPTP: A Neurotoxin Producing a Parkinsonian Syndrome edited by S. P. Markey, N. Castagnoli Jr., A. J. Trevor, and I. J. Kopin
GABAergic Mechanisms in the Mammalian Periphery edited by S. L. Erdö and N. G. Bowery     

New Books

Richelle , M. N. 1993: B. F. Skinner: a reappraisal. Lawrence Erlbaum Wade , N. 1995: Psychologists in word and image. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, London. Kolb B. 1995: Brain plasticity and behavior. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. Anderson , J. R., Herrenschmidt , N., Roeder , J. J. & Thierry Sommer , V. 1996: Heilige Egoisten— Die Soziobiologie indischer Tempelaffen. C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München. Wiessner , P. & Schiefenhövel , W. (eds) 1996: Food and the status quest—an interdisciplinary perspective. Salter , F. K. 1995: Emotions in command. A naturalistic study of institutional dominance. Sternberg , R. J. (ed.) 1994: Thinking and problem solving.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, 3rd edn Edited by J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies Field Guide to Victoria's Native Grasslands: Native Plants of Victorian Lowland Plains N. H. Scarlett, S. J. Wallbrink and K. McDougall Dasycladales: An Illustrated Monograph of a Fascinating Algal Order S. Berger and M. J. Kaever     

Uptake of sewage derived nitrogen by Ulva rigida (Chlorophyceae) in Bahía Nueva (Golfo Nuevo, Patagonia, Argentine)

Uptake kinetics of nitrogen derived from sewage–seawater mixtures (2.5–20% v/v effluent) were determined in the laboratory for Ulva rigida (Chlorophyceae) native from Bahía Nueva (Golfo Nuevo, Patagonia, Argentine). In terms of nitrogen concentration, experimental enrichment levels varied between 53.7 and 362.3M of ammonium and between 0.77 and 6.21M of nitrate+nitrite. Uptake rates were fitted to the Michaelis–Menten equation, with the following kinetic parameters: ammonium: V_max = 591.2molg^–1h^–1, K _s=262.3M, nitrate+nitrite: V _max=12.9molg^–1h^–1, K _s=3.5M). Both nutrients were taken up simultaneously, but ammonium incorporation was faster in all cases. The results show a high capability of Ulva rigida to remove sewage-derived nitrogen from culture media. In the field, most of the nitrogen provided by the effluent would be tied up in algal biomass, supporting low nitrogen levels found at a short distance away from the source.     

Book Reviews

Books review in this article:
Nutrition and Neurobiology edited by J. C. Somogyi and D. Hötzel
Benzodiazepine/GABA Receptors and Chloride Channels: Structural and Functional Properties edited by R. W. Olsen and J. C. Venter
Progress in Retinal Research, Volume 5 edited by N. N. Osborne and G. J. Chader     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
SEXUALITY IN PLANTS AND ITS HORMONAL REGULATION. By M. Kh. C hailakhyan and V. N. K hrianin (edited by K enneth V. T himan ; translated by Vanya Loroch).
Tertiary Level Biology: PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS. By J. A. R oberts and R. H ooley
Tertiary Level Biology: PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. Second Edition. By D. G rierson and S. N. C ovey
SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS IN ECOLOGY: THE BRITISH ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY. By J ohn S heail     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews in this article:
Dopaminergic Systems and Their Regulation edited by G. N. Woodruff, J. A. Poat, and P. J. Roberts.
Neurobiology of Hearing: The Cochlea edited by R. A. Altschuler, R. P. Bobbin, and D. W. Hoffman.
Neurochemistry: A Practical Approach edited by A. J. Turner and H. S. Bachelard.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Current Methods in Cellular Neurology, Vol. II: Biochemical Techniques edited by J. L. Barker and J. F. McKelvy.
Review of Neuroradiology, Vol. 4: The Clinical Neurosciences edited by R. N. Rosenberg, R. G. Grossman, S. S. Schochet, Jr., E. R. Heinz, and W. D. Willis, Jr.     

Book reviews

Book reviews in This Article:
Detection of Bacterial Endotoxins with the limulus amebocyte lysate Test (1987). Edited by Stanley W. Watson, Jack Levin & Thomas J. Novitsky.
Computers in Microbiology (1987). Edited by J.D. Rant, R.K.A. Feltham & W. Shepherd.
Molecular Strategies of Parasite Invasion (1987). Edited by N. Agabian, H. Goodman & N. Nogueira.
Footrot in Ruminants (1986). Edited by D.J. Stewart, J.E. Peterson, N.M. McKern & D.L.
Bacterial Protein Toxins (1986). Edited by P. Falmagne, J.E. Alouf, F.J. Fehrenbach, J. Jeljaszewicz & M. Thelestam.
Carbon Substrates in Biotechnology (1987). Edited by J.D. Stowell, A.J. Beardsmore, C.W. Keevil & J.R. Woodward.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
NOTHERN FISHES by S. Eddy & J. C. Underhill.
THE FISHERIES ECOLOGY OF AFRICAN FLOODPLAINS by R. L. Welcomme.
HANDBOOK OF TROUT AND SALMON DISEASES by R. J. Roberts & C. J. Shepherd.
PARASITE FAUNA OF THE TlSA RIVER by R. Ergens, A. V. Gussev, N. A. ljyumova & K. Molnar     

Reviews of publications

Ecology, Community and Lifestyle: Outline of an Ecosophy , by Arne Naess (translated and edited by David Rothenberg).
Restoration Ecology: A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research , edited by W. R. Jordan, M. E. Gilpin and J. D. Aber.
Plankton Ecology: Succession in Plankton Communities , edited by Ulrich Sommer.
Biological Control of Pests, Pathogens and Weeds: Development and Prospects , edited by R. K. S. Wood and M.J. Way.
Large Scale Cell Culture Technology , edited by Bjorn K. Lydersen.
The Story of Silk , by J. Feltwell.
Ecological Experiments: Purpose, Design and Execution , by N. G. Hairston.N 0 5
Molecular Genetics and Comparative Evolution , by J. Langridge.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
O ther : Cooperation among Animals with Human Implications by W. C. A llee .
O ther : Methodology and Techniques for the Study of Animal Societies by J. P. S cott , J ohn B. C alhoun , C. R. C arpenter , N. E. C ollins , J ohn T. E mlen , J. L. F uller , L eonard J. G oss , L awrence I rving , B ernard F. R iess , T. C. S chneirla , and J ohn W. S cott .
O ther : Of Societies and Men by C aryl P. H askins .     

Book review

Book review in this article: Cellular Aging and Cell Death. Edited by N. J. Holbrook, G. R. Martin and R. A. Lockshin.     

New Books

Book reviewed in this article: Cloudsley-thompson , J. 1996: Biotic Interactions in Arid Lands. Series: Adaptations of Desert Organisms no. 10. Berthold , P. 1996: Control of Bird Migration. Bourke , A. F. G. & Franks , N. R. 1995: Social Evolution in Ants. Hanlon , R. T. & Messenger , J. B. 1996: Cephalopod Behaviour.     

Book Reviews

Senile Dementia: Outlook for the Future (Modern Aging Research, Vol. 5) edited by J. Wertheimer and M. Marois. Alan R. Liss
Nucleic Acid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by W. I. P. Mainwaring, J. H. Parish, J. D. Pickering, and N. H. Mann.
Modulation of Sensorimotor Activity During Alterations in Behavioural States edited by R. Bandler. Alan R. Liss
Monoamine Innervation of Cerebral Cortex (Neurology and Neurobiolgy, Vol. 10) edited by L. Descarries, T. R. Reader, and H. H. Jasper, Alan R. Liss
Neurocommunications: An Introduction by I. C. Whitfield
Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes by B. Hille
Metabolic Probes of Central Nervous System Activity in Experimental Animals and Man (Magnes Lecture Series, Vol. 1) by Louis Sokoloff
Neurobiology (The Clinical Neurosciences, Vol. V) edited by R. N. Rosenberg, R. G. Grossman, S. S. Schochet Jr., E. R. Heinz, W. D. Willis Jr.     

Book Reviews

McCONWAY, K. J., JONES, M. C., and TAYLOR, P. C. Statistical Modelling using Genstat. SCHINAZI, R. B. Classical and Spatial Point Processes. PERRY, J. E., SMITH, R. H., WOIWOD, I. P., and MORSE, D. R. (editors). Chaos in Real Data: The Analysis of Non‐linear Dynamics from Short Ecological Time Series. BURTON, R. F. Physiology by Numbers, 2nd edition. BERLINER, L. M., NYCHKA, D., and HOAR, T. (editors). Studies in the Atmospheric Sciences. PRAKASA RAO, B. L. S. Statistical Inference for Diffusion Type Processes. DONNER, A. and KLAR, N. Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. MATIS, J. H. and KIFFE, T. R. Stochastic Population Models: A Compartmental Perspective. LINDSEY, J. K. Models for Repeated Measurements, 2nd edition. FORD, E. D. Scientific Method for Ecological Research. BURNHAM, K. P. and ANDERSON, D. R. Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information‐Theoretic Approach. COX, D. R. and REID, N. The Theory of the Design of Experiments. PINHEIRO, J. C. and BATES, D. M. Mixed‐effects models in S and S‐PLUS. VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. S Programming. KRAUSE, A. and OLSON, M. The Basics of S and S‐PLUS. CHEN, M.‐H., SHAO, Q.‐M., and IBRAHIM, J. G. Monte Carlo Methods in Bayesian Computation. SAHAI, H. and AGEEL, M. L. The Analysis of Variance: Fixed, Random, and Mixed Models. EVERITT, B. S. and DUNN, G. Statistical Analysis of Medical Data: New Developments. MUKHOPADHYAY, N. Probability and Statistical Inference. KNIGHT, K. Mathematical Statistics. Brief reports by the editor MILLER, R. E. Optimization: Foundations and Applications. BLAND, M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd edition. RABE‐HESKETH, S. and EVERITT, B. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using Stata, 2nd edition. KOO, J. O. (editor). American Series in Mathematical and Management Sciences Volume 42. Modern Mathematical, Management, and Statistical Sciences, The Index to the 20th Century, Prologue to the 21st Century. MISHRA, S. N. and SHARMA, B. D. (editors). American Series in Mathematical and Management Sciences Volume 43. FIM‐I, Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics Proceedings on Statistical Inference, Combinatorics and Related Areas, Volume I of Proceedings of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) Conference (Varanasi, India, December 1997). VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. Modern Applied Statistics with S‐PLUS, 3rd edition.     

Book Reviews

Zoophysiology. Coordinating Editor: F arner , D. S. Editors: H einrich , B.; H oar , W. S.; J ohansen , K.; L anger , H.; N euweiler , G.; R andall , D. J. Vol. 17: S mith , R. J. F.: The Control of Fish Migration. .
Systematische Zoologie. Begründet von A dolf R emane , V olker S torch und U lrich W elsch . Fortgeführt von Prof. Dr. V olker S torch , Zoologisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, und Prof. Dr. Dr. U lrich W elsch , Anatomische Anstalt der Universität München.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Australian Vegetation. (2nd edition) ed. R. H. Groves
Plant Resources of South East Asia Rattans, edited by J. Dransfield and N. Nanokaran
Plant Growth and Development. A Molecular Approach, by Donald E. Fosket
Potato Genetics, eds J. E. Bradshaw and G. R. Mackay
Alien Plants of the British Isles, by E. J. Clement and M. C. Foster