微生物产木糖醇的研究进展及应用前景

木糖醇是一种五碳多元醇,是木糖代谢的正常中间产物。它有以下理化及生物学性质：其甜度与蔗糖相当;具有较大的溶解热;加热不易变性变色;被人体利用时不需要胰岛素的促进作用,在体内可促进胰岛素的少量分泌;用于静脉滴注时,血液中的丙酮酸、乳酸以及葡萄糖的含量会有所下降,肝糖元则有增加;无细胞毒性,可透过细胞膜成为组织的营养等。这些特性使得木精醇具有重要的应用价值。木糖醇作为甜味剂,口感清凉,而且可以预防龋齿;作为食品添加剂,可延长食品的保鲜期;木糖醇是糖尿病患者的理想的辅助治疗剂和营养甜味剂［１,２］。目…     

半纤维素水解物生物转化生产木糖醇

木糖醇在食品、医药及化工行业中有着广泛的用途而深受关注。但是,传统的化学法生产木糖醇需要一系列复杂的分离纯化步骤,过高的生产成本限制了木糖醇的使用范围。发酵工艺生产木糖醇无需木糖的纯化步骤,是取代化学合成法的一条可行工艺路线。本文着重介绍产木糖醇的微生物,酵母对木糖的同化途径,半纤维素水解物的脱毒方法,影响木糖醇发酵的工艺条件等。     

发酵木糖产生木糖醇的酵母菌的筛选

木糖醇是天然产生的五碳多元醇,作为功能性的甜味剂,其甜度和能量均与蔗糖相当。木糖醇的代谢不需要胰岛素的促进,因而与一般糖类的代谢途径不同。木糖醇是糖尿病患者的理想的糖代用品,并能明显降低转氨酶,有助于治疗糖尿病、护肝和防龋齿的作用。木糖醇的国内外市场十分广阔,目前世界上生产木糖醇的原料主要是木糖,用化学还原或生物转化菌可生产木糖醇,但化学法生产工艺复杂、成本较高,而已对环保液有影响。用微生物发酵法生产木糖醇是发展的必然方向。我们进行了发酵木糖产生木糖醇的酵母菌种的筛选研究。本研究对分离收集到的４…     

生物发酵法制备木糖醇的研究进展

木糖醇由于其特殊的物理、化学性质在众多领域被广泛应用,全球需求量日益增多。目前,木糖醇的工业生产方法是由纯D-木糖在高温、高压下化学催化法制得的,该方法存在原料要求高、能耗高、条件苛刻、污染重等问题。生物发酵技术可以利用菌株发酵价格低廉的农作物废弃物来制备木糖醇,由于其原料来源广、能耗低、条件温和、环境友好等优点而备受关注,是一种潜在的具有吸引力的化学过程替代品。然而,由于发酵产物木糖醇含量低,微生物发酵法制备木糖醇的路线尚未在工业上得到实践。综述了生物法制备木糖醇过程中影响木糖醇产率的因素以及可能的菌种改造技术,并给出了生物技术生产木糖醇目前面临的挑战,进一步展望了生物法制备木糖醇的研究方向。     

代谢改造热带假丝酵母发酵木糖母液生产木糖醇

木糖醇是一种在食品、医药、轻工等领域具有广泛用途的多元醇,目前主要通过酸水解木聚糖获得木糖并进一步化学催化加氢方法制备。提取木糖过程中会产生大量的木糖母液副产物,其中含有一定浓度的葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖等碳源,以及少量的糠醛、四氢呋喃等物质。研究微生物转化木糖母液生产高附加值化学品不仅能够提高木糖母液的利用价值,而且能够减少环境污染。热带假丝酵母不仅能够利用葡萄糖,也具有高效的木糖代谢途径。首先利用代谢工程技术删除了热带假丝酵母菌株的木糖醇脱氢酶基因,获得能够转化木糖积累木糖醇的突变株。在此基础上,评价了突变株在木糖母液培养基中的发酵性能。通过单因素优化实验确定了突变株发酵生产木糖醇较优的发酵工艺:培养基组成为木糖母液300g/L,玉米浆5g/L;最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度35℃,初始p H为5.0,接种量15%,200r/min摇床培养140h。利用优化后的发酵工艺,木糖醇产量达到83.01g/L。初步建立了转化木糖母液生产木糖醇的工艺,为进一步利用木糖母液奠定了基础。     

香菇低糖保健蛋糕的研究与保鲜性测定

目的：研究香菇低糖保健蛋糕工艺,确定香菇柄粉和面粉的最佳比例、木糖醇的最佳添加量、最适打发时间。方法：以食品的感官评定作为评价标准,利用单因素试验和正交试验,并用保健蛋糕与传统蛋糕做对比进行抑菌保鲜试验。结果：香菇柄粉与面粉的比例为4∶6、木糖醇添加量为25g、打发时间为20min时,蛋糕的品质最好。结论：影响保健品蛋糕品质的主次因素为香菇柄粉与面粉的比例>木糖醇的添加量>打发时间,香菇低糖保健蛋糕有更好的抑菌保鲜效果。     

生物发酵法制备木糖醇的研究进展 *

木糖醇由于其特殊的物理,化学性质在众多领域被广泛应用,全球需求量日益增多.目前,木糖醇的工业生产方法是由纯D-木糖在高温,高压下化学催化法制得的,该方法存在原料要求高,能耗高,条件苛刻,污染重等问题.生物发酵技术可以利用菌株发酵价格低廉的农作物废弃物来制备木糖醇,由于其原料来源广,能耗低,条件温和,环境友好等优点而备受关注,是一种潜在的具有吸引力的化学过程替代品.然而,由于发酵产物木糖醇含量低,微生物发酵法制备木糖醇的路线尚未在工业上得到实践.综述了生物法制备木糖醇过程中影响木糖醇产率的因素以及可能的菌种改造技术,并给出了生物技术生产木糖醇目前面临的挑战,进一步展望了生物法制备木糖醇的研究方向.     

斑马鱼在功能性食品研究中的应用进展

斑马鱼作为一种新型的模式动物,由于其饲养成本低、产卵量大、体外受精、发育周期短、透明易观察等优点,已在基础研究、药物开发、食品安全、环境保护等众多领域有了广泛应用。近年来,斑马鱼作为国际公认适于功效性评价的新型脊椎类模型动物,可为多种食品和功能食品测试功效。本文将介绍近年来斑马鱼作为模式动物在食品,特别是功能性食品在功效研究中的最新进展。     

紫茎泽兰微生物发酵生产木糖醇的工艺

木糖醇（ｘｙｌｉｔｏｌ）是一种天然五碳多元醇,存在于许多水果、蔬菜及蘑菇中,但含量均很低,其中以蘑菇（ＡｇａｒｉｃｕｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｅｘＦｒ．）含量较高,约为１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（干重）;木糖醇也是一种常见的代谢中间体,存在于哺乳动物的碳水化合...     

最新专利文摘

生物转化玉米芯生产木糖醇的工艺方法 本发明提供了一种生物转化玉米芯生产木糖醇的工艺方法,属于功能糖生产技术领域。其工艺方法包括如下步骤：玉米芯的预处理、玉米芯的酶解、液体菌种的制备、木糖醇的发酵生产、发酵液的分离与提纯。采用生物转化玉米芯的工艺生产木糖醇,工序简单、无环境污染,符合环保要求;工艺过程条件温和,常压下操作,易于安全生产;生产收率高,降低了运行成本,提高了产品的市场竞争力,促进了行业的可持续发展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.