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土壤宏基因组学技术及其应用 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
传统的基于培养的研究方法只能反映土壤中少数(0.1%~10 %)微生物的信息,而大部分微生物目前还不能培养,因而这部分微生物资源尚难以被有效地开发利用.宏基因组学是分子生物学技术应用于环境微生物生态学研究而形成的一个新概念,主要技术包括土壤DNA的提取、文库的构建和目标基因克隆的筛选.它可为揭示微生物生态功能及其分子基础提供更全面的遗传信息,并已在微生物新功能基因筛选、活性物质开发和微生物多样性研究等方面取得了显著成果.本文对土壤宏基因组学技术的方法和应用作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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2004年7月美国国立卫生研究院牙科与颌面研究中心(NIDCR)专门征集“利用宏基因组学研究口腔微生物”的研究申请书,征集通知中明确其目的是利用宏基因组学(Metagenomic)的技术,研究口腔中微生物群落,以阐明微生物在人类口腔健康和疾病中的作用. 相似文献
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宏基因组是指环境中所有微生物的遗传物质总和。宏基因组学技术可以最大限度地利用环境中的微生物资源,受到了国内外微生物研究者的重点关注。口腔中寄居着大量的微生物群落,以往对口腔疾病微生物的研究大多局限于单纯的细菌培养技术,然而,由于培养技术的局限性,部分微生物很难或根本不能培养,宏基因组学技术打破了这一局限性,帮助人类发掘更丰富的口腔微生物资源。最近,以宏基因组学测序为基础的研究描绘出了口腔生态系统的图谱,越来越多的实验证明口腔微生物组在各种口腔疾病甚至全身系统性疾病中的重要作用。同时,这也为基于人类微生物组的诊断和治疗开辟了新的途径。本综述旨在说明宏基因组学是研究人类口腔疾病及全身疾病相关微生物的得力工具,而且具有广阔的发展前景,同时也讨论了宏基因组学在应用中有待克服的局限性。 相似文献
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微生物蕴藏着大量具有工业应用潜力的生物催化剂。然而,传统培养方法只能从环境中获得不到1%的微生物。宏基因组学是通过提取某一特定环境中的所有微生物基因组DNA、构建基因组文库并对文库进行筛选,寻找和发现新的功能基因的一种方法。它绕过了微生物分离培养过程,成为研究环境样品中不可培养微生物的有力手段。因此,从宏基因组中挖掘新型生物催化剂一直倍受生物学家的关注。以下主要对宏基因组文库的样品来源、DNA提取方法、文库的构建和筛选策略的选择这4个方面的研究状况进行了综述,列举了近年来利用宏基因组技术所获得的新型生物催化剂,并对其今后的研究方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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人和动物胃肠道存在大量微生物群落,这些微生物是与宿主长期共同进化的结果,并且同宿主的健康和疾病密切相关,因此胃肠道微生物研究已成为当今的热点研究领域。宏基因组学技术在这一领域的应用,使我们不仅能够对胃肠道微生物群落结构及多样性进行分析,还能进一步深入了解其代谢功能,开发和利用潜在的微生物及其基因资源。文中结合我们的研究工作,综述了宏基因组学在人和动物胃肠道微生物研究中的应用,同时着重介绍宏基因组研究的生物信息学技术。 相似文献
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自2005年罗氏公司推出首台商业化第二代DNA测序仪,基于高通量测序的宏基因组学方法被广泛用于各种环境中微生物群落的组成和功能分析,揭示了环境微生物组中蕴藏着的大量未被发现的新物种、新基因、酶和代谢过程。该系列工作表明了未培养微生物在驱动生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用,同时促进了污染物降解、环境修复、生物技术和天然药物研发等领域的理论突破和技术创新。本文从发现新的物种、功能基因(簇)、物质代谢途径和微生物(M)-环境(E)-效能(P)关联4个方面综述了宏基因组学在环境微生物组研究中的应用与进展,并对未来研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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【目的】利用宏基因组学技术挖掘土壤微生物来源的新型酯酶。【方法】构建土壤微生物宏基因组文库,利用三丁酸甘油酯平板法对所构建的文库进行筛选,并对阳性克隆中鉴定出的酯酶基因进行异源表达和生物化学特性分析。【结果】通过筛选文库中的12万个克隆,获得了一个阳性克隆,对克隆中的DNA片段进行序列分析,发现了一个可能的酯酶基因,通过研究其表达产物,确定其最适pH为9.0,最适反应温度为56°C,在90°C下仍可保持20%的酶活性;能专一性水解短链脂类,对长链脂类无水解作用;对一定浓度范围内的有机试剂如二甲基亚砜、甲醇、乙醇有较好的耐受性,尤其当二甲基亚砜含量为10%(体积比)时,相对酶活可提高44%。【结论】不依赖于微生物可培养性的宏基因组学技术可以发现新的活性酶,本研究获得的对高温、有机试剂有较好耐受性的酯酶ESTYN1具有在工业生产中应用的潜力。 相似文献
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不可培养微生物占据微生物总数的99%以上, 这己成为微生物资源开发利用的一个限制性因素。宏基因组学是通过提取某一环境中的所有微生物基因组DNA、构建基因组文库及对文库进行筛选寻找和发现新的功能基因及活性代谢产物的一种方法。它避开了微生物分离培养的过程, 极大地扩展了微生物资源的利用空间, 是现代基因工程一个新的发展方向和研究热点。本文主要对宏基因组的DNA提取方法、文库的构建、筛选策略的选择及近年来宏基因组学在各领域中的应用研究现状进行了综述。 相似文献
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Metagenomics in animal gastrointestinal ecosystem: Potential biotechnological prospects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Microbial metagenomics---the applications of the genomics suit of technologies to nonculturable microorganisms, is coming of age. These approaches can be used for the screening and identification of nonculturable gastrointestinal (GI) microflora for assessing and exploiting them in nutrition and the health of the host. Advances in technologies designed to access this wealth of genetic information through environmental nucleic acids extraction and analysis have provided the means of overcoming the limitations of conventional culture-dependent microbial genetic exploitation. The molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools will result in reliable insights into the animals' GI microbial structure and activity of the livestock gut microbes in relation to functional interactions, temporal and spatial relationships among different microbial consortia and dietary ingredients. Further developments and applications of these methods promise to provide the opportunity to link distribution and identity of various GI microbes in their natural habitats, and explore their use for promoting livestock health and industrial development. 相似文献
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Xiangyu Guan Jinfeng Wang Hui Zhao Jianjun Wang Ximing Luo Fei Liu Fangqing Zhao 《BMC genomics》2013,14(1)
Background
As the largest low-latitude permafrost region, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important part of the earth’s terrestrial ecosystem and one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change and human activities. However, to the best of our knowledge, the bacterial communities in TP soils and their roles in biogeochemical cycles remain limited.Results
In this study, we report the bacterial community structure and function as well as their correlation with environmental factors in TP major ecosystems (farmland, alpine meadow and oligosaline lake) by using metagenomic approaches. Compared with other soil samples in various environments, TP soils share a core set of microorganisms with a distinct abundance and composition. Among TP soil samples, the taxonomic and functional composition of bacterial communities among the upper (3-5 cm) and lower (18-20 cm) soils of farmland sites were highly similar, whereas the dissimilarities within alpine meadow samples were significantly greater than among farmland samples. A similar pattern was observed in elements cycles and pathways associated with adaption to environment and land use types. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that the bacterial communities in most of farmland and alpine meadow soil samples were also significantly correlated with geogenic variables. Specifically, the root-nodule bacteria are negatively correlated with the soil moisture and pH, while Thiobacillus associated with sulfur cycles show potential responses to low temperature and intense UV radiation.Conclusions
These findings indicate that the bacterial community structure and functions in TP soils were influenced by both human activities and soil environmental properties, and that the bacterial communities appeared to be more homogenized in the farmland soils compared with pristine alpine meadows.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-820) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献15.
Engel K Pinnell L Cheng J Charles TC Neufeld JD 《Journal of microbiological methods》2012,88(1):35-40
Purification of microbial DNA from soil is challenging due to the co-extraction of humic acids and associated phenolic compounds that inhibit subsequent cloning, amplification or sequencing. Removal of these contaminants is critical for the success of metagenomic library construction and high-throughput sequencing of extracted DNA. Using three different composite soil samples, we compared a novel DNA purification technique using nonlinear electrophoresis on the synchronous coefficient of drag alteration (SCODA) instrument with alternate purification methods such as direct current (DC) agarose gel electrophoresis followed by gel filtration or anion exchange chromatography, Wizard DNA Clean-Up System, and the PowerSoil DNA Isolation kit. Both nonlinear and DC electrophoresis were effective at retrieving high-molecular weight DNA with high purity, suitable for construction of large-insert libraries. The PowerSoil DNA Isolation kit and the nonlinear electrophoresis had high recovery of high purity DNA suitable for sequencing purposes. All methods demonstrated high consistency in the bacterial community profiles generated from the DNA extracts. Nonlinear electrophoresis using the SCODA instrument was the ideal methodology for the preparation of soil DNA samples suitable for both high-throughput sequencing and large-insert cloning applications. 相似文献
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Muhammad Yasir Raees Khan Riaz Ullah Fehmida Bibi Imran Khan Asad Mustafa Karim Ahmed K. Al-Ghamdi Esam I. Azhar 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(4):2138-2147
Soil is a reservoir of microbial diversity and the most supportive habitat for acquiring and transmitting antimicrobial resistance. Resistance transfer usually occurs from animal to soil and vice versa, and it may ultimately appear in clinical pathogens. In this study, the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia were studied to assess the bacterial diversity and antimicrobial resistance that could be affected by the continuous development of tourism in the region. Such effects could have a long-lasting impact on the local environment and community. Culture-dependent, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and shotgun sequencing-based metagenomic approaches were used to evaluate the diversity, functional capabilities, and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from collected soil samples. Bacterial communities in the southwestern highlands were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. A total of 102 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and variants were identified in the soil microbiota and were mainly associated with multidrug resistance, followed by macrolide, tetracycline, glycopeptide, bacitracin, and beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. The mechanisms of resistance included efflux, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic inactivation. qPCR confirmed the detection of 18 clinically important ARGs. In addition, half of the 49 identified isolates were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the 15 antibiotics tested. Overall, ARGs and indicator genes of anthropogenic activities (human-mitochondrial [hmt] gene and integron-integrase [int1]) were found in relatively lower abundance. Along with a high diversity of bacterial communities, variation was observed in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa among sampling sites in the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
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重金属胁迫下土壤微生物和微生物过程研究进展 总被引:37,自引:6,他引:31
通过对重金属胁迫下土壤微生物和微生物过程研究的进程和研究进展的归纳综述,分析了该研究尚存在的问题,并阐述了其可能原因.认为土壤微生物和微生物学过程的重金属胁迫研究存在如下问题:一是从实验室、田间试验和实地监测得到的结果间无法进行比较,从而使实验室和田间试验的研究丧失了其科学指导意义,并且在实地监测研究中缺乏相应的“精确”对照;二是在重金属的胁迫下土壤微生物不但数量有消长,而且区系结构上也发生了变化,但是用于校园微生物区系结构变化的手段(PLFA、BI-OLOG和DNA等方法)尚处在探索阶段并需要昂贵的设备,难以普及,需发展一些可广泛普及的新方法来代替传统的平板分离法分析土壤微生物结构;三是重金属对土壤微生物和微生物过程产生胁迫的形态、离子效应和根际效应尚未得到有效的研究和探讨;四是土壤微生物和微生物过程重金属胁迫的表征体系尚未建立. 相似文献
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基于城市土地利用类型的地表温度与植被指数的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以沈阳市三环作为研究区域,基于QuickBird、Landsat/TM遥感影像和GIS空间分析技术,获取城市土地利用信息,陆地表面温度(LST)以及归一化植被指数(NDVI),定量分析了LST与NDVI在不同城市土地利用类型之间的差异及空间关系.结果表明:LST和NDVI具有明显相反的变化趋势,城市不同土地利用类型的LST与NDVI平均值也具有显著的差异性;多重比较发现,LST和NDVI在两两土地利用类型之间的差异不同;LST与NDVI相关性的显著程度受空间尺度的影响,LST与NDVI的相关性随空间尺度变化呈现出先增加后降低再逐渐增加的趋势.研究结果可为城市规划以及城市绿地系统规划中缓解城市热岛效应提供科学依据. 相似文献
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探究养殖场内育肥猪粪便与土壤的微生物组成和抗生素耐药基因构成,并挖掘之间的关联。
选择上海市崇明区5家猪养殖场,采集猪粪便和土壤样本,使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000高通量测序平台进行全基因组鸟枪法测序。通过主坐标分析、LEfSe分析、共现网络分析和统计学检验,探究样本微生物组成、多样性特征和抗生素耐药基因之间的关系。
猪粪便中的主要微生物包括拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门,主要耐药基因类型包括多药耐药类、四环素类、糖肽类、肽类、氟喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类等。来自同一养猪场的样本在微生物丰度和耐药基因多样性上存在相关性。此外,研究还发现养猪场运作因素如饲料成分、饲养密度和卫生环境等,导致了不同养猪场之间的微生物组成和耐药基因的差异。在猪粪—土壤界面,一些有益微生物之间存在共生关系,具有抑制潜在病原微生物的生长能力,并对土壤微生态产生影响。不同类型的耐药基因之间也存在共生关系。
通过宏基因组学方法研究了猪粪便与土壤中的微生物和耐药基因,揭示了微生物与抗生素耐药基因之间的相关性,提出微生物群是耐药基因谱的重要驱动因素。这一发现为通过微生态调控来预防和控制抗生素耐药性提供了科学依据。
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红树林土壤生境的独特性决定了其中微生物的多样性及其资源的珍稀性,对于红树林土壤微生物的研究正在成为热点。然而由于传统研究方法等因素的限制,至今人们对红树林土壤微生物的系统了解仍较为有限。近年来,基于16S rRNA,18S rRNA基因的各种分子微生物学技术的迅速发展,红树林土壤微生物的研究亦面临着崭新的局面。文中主要从红树林土壤微生物物种的多样性、生理生化类型的多样性及其在治理污染环境、生物修复作用中的可能性、有效性等方面阐述了红树林土壤微生物的研究进展,并以更合理、有效地开发利用红树林土壤微生物资源为目标,展望了21世纪,以新理念、新技术、新方法进行红树林土壤微生物研究及资源开发的巨大前景。 相似文献