大蟾蜍耳后腺显微和超微结构的观察

本文借助光、电镜技术研究了大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)休眠期和活动期耳后腺的形态结构特征及分泌方式。结果表明其耳后腺为单管泡状腺,由导管部和分泌部组成,分泌方式主要为顶浆分泌,兼有部分全浆分泌。     

日本七鳃鳗消化系统显微与超微结构

采用光镜和电镜技术研究日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)消化系统的组织结构。结果显示,日本七鳃鳗食道褶皱处黏膜上皮为复层立方上皮,褶皱基部为变移上皮。由于生活方式的特化,其胃退化。前肠、中肠和后肠黏膜上皮均为单层柱状上皮,其中并未发现杯状细胞,有肠腺,肠上皮有密集的纤毛,上皮细胞内各种细胞器均较丰富,肌纤维斜行。肝小叶界限不清,肝内无胆管。内分泌性胰由若干个大小不等和形状不定的细胞团组成。口腔腺上皮细胞高柱状,游离端充满酶原颗粒和微管泡系,细胞间有分泌小管。日本七鳃鳗消化器官的组织结构特点与其特殊的取食方式和进化地位密切相关。     

锯缘青蟹窦腺显微和超微结构研究

借助光学和电子显微镜观察据缘青蟹（Ｓｃｙｌｌａ ｓｅｒｒａｔａ）窦腺的形态结构。窦腺位于眼柄视神经节内髓背侧近外髓处。窦腺呈羹状;腺体壁山神经分泌细胞的末梢和神经胶质细胞组成。神经末梢内充满了电子致密的神经分泌颗粒。根据颗粒的大小、形态及电子致密度等特征,可以区分出４种类型的神经末梢。一些末梢中的多形性颗粒可能是由Ⅱ型末梢中的颗粒转变而成的。一些现象表明,神经分泌物质可以通过胞吐作用或一种类似“顶浆分泌”的方式释放,从而说明神经激素的释放可能是多途径的．     

人胎儿腓肠神经的显微与超微结构研究

光镜与电镜下研究了２２例人４－足月胎儿腓肠神经,发现：４月龄是形成髓鞘的开始阶段;７月时其数量与足月相近。４月时血－神经屏障已趋完善,血管中见有核红细胞;５月后龄神经束膜完善,可达１６－２０层。４月１０天见肥大细胞存在,即分化在此之前,但颗粒还不成熟。４－足月标本均见轴突和髓鞘变性;亦见无髓纤维囊泡聚积。     

杂色鲍足的显微与超微结构

杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）隶属软体动物门、腹足纲、前鳃亚纲、原始腹足目、鲍科、鲍属。鲍的足是柔韧性很好的器官,它具有运动、支持、感觉与辅助捕获功能,是鲍生活中匍匐和吸附岩石等固着物的重要部位,因其首先接触环境而成为脓疱病、裂壳病、弧菌病等病病原体的主要侵袭部位,这些病可造成十分严重的鲍死亡现象。国内学者对鲍足的研究文献较少,仅有关于皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai Ino）足的组织学（崔龙波等,1997）及皱纹盘鲍足的粘液细胞的片断研究（王宜艳等,2004）报道。     

斑马鱼脾显微与超微结构的研究

应用光学显微镜和透射电镜对斑马鱼(Daniorerio)脾的显微与超微结构进行了观察。光镜结果表明,斑马鱼的脾主要由脾髓和网状组织两部分构成,脾髓分布于整个脾,分为白髓和红髓,但界限不明显,呈混合分布。红髓染色相对较浅,占脾实质的大部分区域,主要由密集的红细胞构成,可见脾窦结构,脾索结构不明显。白髓染色较深,主要由密集的淋巴细胞构成,淋巴细胞的胞核染色较深,呈深紫色。经Gordon-Sweet银染显示网状纤维后,可清晰观察到脾小结,从而可清晰区分红髓与白髓,脾小结与哺乳动物的类似,主要是由密集的淋巴细胞构成。酸性磷酸酶染色可见斑马鱼脾内有大量吞噬性细胞存在。电镜结果显示,红髓分布有不同类型的红细胞、血小板和浆细胞,白髓分布有淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、浆细胞和网状细胞,淋巴细胞胞质内含有多泡体,这可能与淋巴细胞发挥免疫功能有着密切联系。斑马鱼脾与大多数硬骨鱼相似,未观察到椭球这一特殊结构。     

疥螨消化系统的显微和超微结构观察

疥螨消化系统由咽、食道、中肠、１对侧囊、结肠、直肠、肛门以及唾腺组成。应用透射电镜,可将中肠和侧囊壁上皮细胞分为鳞状细胞期、柱状细胞期、核变性圆细胞期和全变性细胞期等４种不同生理功能状态。可将唾腺细胞分为Ｉ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期等３种不同生理功能时期。食道和中肠及侧囊内含物为絮状物。直肠前段肠壁具有较多微管。     

山溪鲵卵黄发生的显微与超微结构

用光镜和透射电镜观察了山溪鲵（Batrachuperus pinchonii)不同发育时期卵母细胞的显微与超微结构,特别注意了与卵黄发生相关的细胞器变化。结果表明,类核周体为线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等膜性细胞器聚集的场所;线粒体自身也可演变成卵黄前颗粒,参与构成卵黄小板的成分;吞饮泡和髓样小体是卵母细胞利用外源卵黄物质的中间媒介。经过与其他动物卵黄发生过程相比较,认为非哺乳脊椎动物卵黄发生是卵母细胞在多种细胞器参与下整体活动的结果,不是经由单一的模式或途径形成,因此呈现发生上的多元化;不同物种在卵黄发生中分别采取与各自相适应的模式或途径。     

中华绒螯蟹窦腺的显微和超微结构

借助光学和电子显微镜观察了养殖河蟹 1龄蟹种、早熟蟹种和 2龄成蟹窦腺的形态结构和神经分泌物质释放方式。河蟹窦腺位于眼柄视神经节内髓与终髓交界处背侧 ,活体为乳白色 ,扁球状 ,大小约为 0 5 5mm×0 45mm× 0 2 3mm。窦腺呈囊状 ,腺体壁由膨大的神经分泌细胞末梢和胶质细胞组成 ,神经末梢内充满电子致密的分泌颗粒。根据颗粒的大小、形态和电子致密度等特征 ,区分出 6种不同类型的神经分泌末梢。河蟹窦腺中的神经分泌物质以胞吐作用方式释放 ,一些现象表明 ,神经胶质细胞参与神经分泌颗粒的释放。 1龄蟹种、早熟蟹种和 2龄成蟹窦腺的形态、结构无明显差异 ,但神经激素颗粒释放情况明显不同 ,从形态结构上证实了窦腺对养殖河蟹性腺发育的调控作用。     

山溪鲵卵巢滤泡细胞的显微与超微结构

对两栖类卵巢滤泡细胞的研究已有一些报道。Ｔｈｏｒｎｔｏｎ等 ( 1973)用电镜观察比较了蟾蜍 (Ｂｕｆｏｂｕｆｏ)的成熟滤泡细胞和排卵后滤泡细胞 ,认为两栖类没有膜细胞和颗粒细胞的分化。Ｄｕｍｏｎｔ等 ( 1978)较为系统地观察并描述了光滑爪蟾 (Ｘｅｎｏｐｕｓｌａｅｖｉｓ)卵泡壁的超微结构。Ｋｗｏｎ等( 1994)对黑斑蛙 (Ｒａｎａｎｉｇｒｏｍａｃｕｌａｔａ)卵巢组织细胞的离体培养研究表明 ,其类固醇激素的生成是在卵泡壁上完成的 ,并提出了两栖类卵泡类固醇生成的两类细胞模型。但目前有关有尾两栖类滤泡细胞结构与功能的研究仍少见…     

The morphological study on the adrenal gland of African ostrich chicks

The morphology of the adrenal gland has been studied for a number of animal species all over the world, yet the detailed data about ostrich chick has not been reported. In the present study, the morphological features of the adrenal gland in African ostrich chicks were investigated by means of gross anatomy, light and electron microscope. Differences between the left and right adrenal glands were found in shape, size and location. The interrenal tissue and chromaffin cell interdigitated irregularly. The interrenal tissue was divided into a peripheral zone (PZ) and a central inner zone (CZ), and the PZ was further distinguished into an outer area (subcapsular zone, SCZ) and an inner area (IZ). The cellular arrangement in these zones showed evident zonation that resembled the mammalian. This phenomenon had been previously described only for the pelicanus. The cytoplasm of interrenal cells in SCZ was stained lightly than in IZ and CZ, and contained several vacuoles. Additionally, unlike CZ cells, SCZ cells appeared to contain more mitochondria and less lipid droplets. Two types of chromaffin cells: epinephrine cells and norepinephrine cells could be detected. The type 1 granules possessed a central core and a variable distance between membrane and core; the type 2 granules had an eccentric core, which leant to one side of granule and sticked to the membrane, giving a lager lacouna appearance in another side of the granule.     

The fine structure of the vesicular component of the ultimobranchial gland of the domestic fowl

Summary The ultrastructure of the polymorphic vesicular component of the ultimobranchial gland of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) has been described in detail, together with the structure of the cell strands interconnecting the vesicles and the parathyroid nodules lying within the ultimobranchial stroma. The vesicles frequently appear to arise from the nodules by way of the cell strands. The strands show a structure of their component cells intermediate between that of the parathyroid and the vesicular cells, although the position at which the strand changes from an essentially parathyroid structure to an essentially vesicular structure is very variable. The degree and kind of secretory activity within different cell types has been described. A review of the structure of ultimobranchial glands throughout the vertebrates shows that similar tissue with a similar secretory potential has been observed in all vertebrate classes, suggesting a functional significance for this part of the gland.     

Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae): salivary gland cells of partially engorged females ticks and the production of lipid by their mitochondria

Morphologically, the salivary glands of ticks are paired structures consisting of a secretory and an excretory portion, lacking a reservoir for the storage of the secretion. The secretory portion is composed in females by cells that form acini classified into the types I, II, and III. The excretory possess a major duct, from which arise several intermediate ducts that then subdivide to form the canaliculi or acinal tubules, which end at the acini from where they collect the secretion. The present study describes the ultrastructural changes that occur in the mitochondria of cells of the acini I, II, and III in the salivary glands of partially engorged females of the Cayenne tick Amblyomma cajennense. The results show that this organelle exhibits completely disarrayed crests due to the presence of lipidic material inside the matrix and between the crests, thus demonstrating their participation in the production of the lipids that would be used structurally by the cells. These organelles with ultrastructural changes were denominated derived mitochondria.     

北方山溪鲵精子发生不同阶段的显微与超微结构

用光镜和电镜观察了北方山溪鲵(Batrachuperus tibetanus)精子发生过程中各种类型生精细胞的显微与超微结构变化。结果显示,北方山溪鲵在4~8月时处于精子发生期,精子形成在7~8月。成熟精子的结构具有小鲵科精子的一些共同特征,如顶体前端呈三叶草状,尾部由轴纤维、波动膜、轴丝及轴丝旁纤维构成,轴纤维粗大呈圆柱形,尾部无线粒体等。比较分析认为,在两栖类的系统发育中,轴纤维、波动膜和轴丝旁纤维的消失为近裔性状。     

中华稻蝗受精囊的显微与超微结构

在显微及亚显微水平上研究了中华稻蝗受精囊的结构。该结构由外向内依次为：围脏膜,肌肉层,结缔组织,基膜,上皮层和内膜层。其中内膜层又分为上表皮,外表皮和内表皮三层,其间可见许多分泌小管。上皮层分别由锥形分泌细胞和长柱形细胞组成,前者内含大量的分泌泡。肌肉层由环肌和纵肌构成,其中环肌比较发达。     

杂色鲍鳃的显微与亚显微结构

本文采用光镜和电镜方法,研究了杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）鳃的显微和亚显微结构。结果表明,杂色鲍的鳃为一对不等大的双栉状鳃,各鳃由鳃轴和两侧列生的状鳃叶组成,鳃叶上皮为单层上皮组织结构,细胞类型主要为：纤毛细胞、立方细胞、腺细胞;鳃轴上皮为鳃叶上皮的延伸,亦是单层上皮组织,细胞类型主要有：纤毛细胞、微绒毛立方细胞和腺细胞等;鳃叶远轴端游离缘表皮之下,含有几丁质杆支撑的血腔,血腔内可见血细胞及未分化的间充质细胞,血腔之间有平滑肌纤维束和疏松结缔组织,疏松结缔组织内含胶原纤维、纤维细胞、成纤维细胞、脂肪细胞及未分化的间充质细胞等;鳃轴的皮下组织也含有几丁质杆、平滑肌纤维、疏松结缔组织及其间的血腔结构。     

Cytoplasmic organization and quantitation of microtubules in bovine mammary epithelial cells during lactation and involution

Summary Ultrastructural examination of milk secretory cells from lactating bovine mammary gland revealed presence of numerous microtubules in the apical and paranuclear cytoplasm, particularly in the vicinity of Golgi components. Most microtubules were oriented perpendicular to the apical plasma membrane and appeared to form a framework around Golgi dictyosomal elements and secretory vesicles. In comparison, non-secretory cells obtained from involuting glands displayed few microtubules and these were randomly located throughout the cytoplasm with no particular orientation.