硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)的生物合成与功能

硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)是一种含硫的糖脂,分布于高等植物,藓类植物,蕨类植物,藻类植物以及大多数光合细菌的光合膜中。SQDG的含量与生物种类有关。在高等植物中含量一般为总脂的4％,而在藻类中其含量变化较大,一般为总脂含量的10％—70％。SQDG的合成是在叶绿体内被膜上完成的,催化SQDG合成的酶是UDP—SQ：DAG硫代异鼠李糖基转移酶。SQDG存在于纯化的叶绿体CF0-CF1ATPase、LHCⅡ辅基蛋白以及D1／D2异二聚体蛋白中,说明SQDG可能与膜蛋白复合物的结构和功能有关。SQDG还与植物的抗逆性有关。在磷缺乏时,SQDG能弥补PG含量的下降,使体内阴离子脂的含量维持在一个稳定的水平。近年来还发现SQDG能有效抑制真核生物DNA聚合酶和HIV反转录酶的活性。     

硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)的生物合成与功能

硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)是一种含硫的糖脂,分布于高等植物,藓类植物,蕨类植物,藻类植物以及大多数光合细菌的光合膜中。SQDG的含量与生物种类有关。在高等植物中含量一般为总脂的4%,而在藻类中其含量变化较大,一般为总脂含量的10%～70%。SQDG的合成是 在叶绿体内被膜上完成的,催化SQDG合成的酶是UDP-SQ: DAG硫代异鼠李糖基转移酶。SQDG 存在于纯化的叶绿体CF0-CF1 ATPase、LHCⅡ辅基蛋白以及D1/D2异二聚体蛋白中,说明SQDG 可能与膜蛋白复合物的结构和功能有关。SQDG还与植物的抗逆性有关。在磷缺乏时,SQDG能 弥补PG含量的下降,使体内阴离子脂的含量维持在一个稳定的水平。近年来还发现SQDG能有效抑制真核生物DNA聚合酶和HIV反转录酶的活性。     

海洋红藻和蓝藻中的别藻蓝蛋白结构特征的比较

红毛菜、坛紫菜和条斑紫菜三种海洋红藻中的别藻蓝蛋白的特征吸收光谱(λ_(max)650 nm),荧光发射光谱(F_(max)662nm)、等电点(pI 4.42)、聚集态(分子量:134 kD)及其亚基分子量(α17kD,β18.5kD)均相同;结合它们各自吸收光谱的二阶导数光谱、圆二色谱和氨基酸残基组成等,与蓝藻--螺旋藻中的别藻蓝蛋白进行了比较。研究结果表明:四种来源不同的别藻蓝蛋白结构具有同一性,都是由α和β两个亚基组成的(αβ)_3结构。     

Evidence for Bicarbonate Transport in Species of Red and Brown Macrophytic Marine Algae

Cook, C. M., Lanaras, T. and Colman, B. 1986. Evidence for bicarbonatetransport in species of red and brown macrophytic marine algae.—J.exp. Bot. 37: 977–984. The capacity of 17 species of marine macrophytes to take up has been examined by comparing the rate of photosynthetic O₂-evolution with the photosyntheticrate which could be supported solely by CO₂ arising from theuncatalysed dehydration of . No external carbonic anhydrase was detected by potentiometricassay in any of the species used. At pH 8?0, the rates of photosyntheticO₂-evalution exceeded the CO₂ supply rate 6 to 24-fold in 15species of red algae, and 7 to 11-fold in 2 species of brownalgae. The ratio of photosynthetic O₂-evalution to the CO₂ supplyrate was even higher (19 to 101: 1) at pH 9?0. It is evidentfrom this data that the rate of CO₂ supply from the spontaneousbreakdown of cannot support the observed rates of photosynthesis in these algae. Thus, thedata provide substantive evidence that is taken up by these marine macrophytes as a sourceof substrate for photosynthesis. Key words: Macrophytic marine algae, bicarbonate transport     

海洋微生物及海藻抗HIV天然产物研究进展

艾滋病是当今重大的公共卫生问题和社会问题。从天然资源寻找新抗HIV活性天然产物是新药发现的重要途径。综述了来源于海洋微生物、海藻具抗HIV活性的天然产物以及抗H1V活性天然产物筛选方法和靶点。     

海藻非蛋白质氨基酸的研究进展

海藻非蛋白质氨基酸是海藻中一类重要的生物活性物质,大多具有清热、解毒、驱虫、降血压、防癫痫等功能,本文主要对海藻非蛋白质氨基酸的概念、分类、生物合成、生物功能及其应用、检测分析、分离提取等做一概述,为更好的开发利用这类生物活性物质提供参考.     

Carbonic Anhydrase in Marine Algae

An electrometric system for determination of carbonic anhydrase activity was constructed. Enzyme activity was assayed in homogenates of marine macroscopic Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta. Plants surveyed included Ulva expansa (Setchell) Setchell and Gardner, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, Enteromorpha sp., Chaetomorpha torta (Farlow) McClatchie (Chlorophyta); Laurencia papillosa (Greville). Plocamium coccineum var. pacificum (Kylin) Dawson, Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet and Thuret. Gigartina armata J. Agardh (Rhodophyta); Eisenia arborea Areschoug and Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. A. Agardh (Phaeophyta). Activity was present in all algae; in the Phaeophyta this could be demonstrated only after dialysis. p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (10⁻⁴m) decreased activity in 1 species, Plocamium; this inhibition could be almost completely overcome with the addition of 10⁻³m dithiothreitol. In 2 green and 2 red algae assayed for sensitivity to acetazolamide (Diamox), inhibition was complete at 10⁻⁴m concentration of inhibitor. Dithiothreitol at a concentration of 10⁻³m did not enhance activity in any of the homogenates, and was not necessary for enzyme expression.     

Sterol Chemotaxonomy of Marine Pelagophyte Algae

Several marine algae of the class Pelagophyceae produce the unusual marine sterol 24‐propylidenecholesterol, mainly as the (24E)‐isomer. The (24Z)‐isomer had previously been considered as a specific biomarker for Aureococcus anophagefferens, the ‘brown tide’ alga of the Northeast coast of the USA. To test this hypothesis and to generate chemotaxonomic information, the sterol compositions of 42 strains of pelagophyte algae including 17 strains of Aureococcus anophagefferens were determined by GC analysis. A more comprehensive sterol analysis by HPLC and ¹H‐NMR was obtained for 17 selected pelagophyte strains. All strains analyzed contained 24‐propylidenecholesterol. In all strains belonging to the order Sarcinochrysidales, this sterol was found only as the (E)‐isomer, while all strains in the order Pelagomonadales contained the (Z)‐isomer, either alone or together with the (E)‐isomer. The occurrence of Δ²² and 24α‐sterols was limited to the Sarcinochrysidales. The first occurrence of Δ²²‐24‐propylcholesterol in an alga, CCMP 1410, was reported. Traces of the rare sterol 26,26‐dimethyl‐24‐methylenecholesterol were detected in Aureococcus anophagefferens, and the (25R)‐configuration was proposed, based on biosynthetic considerations. Traces of a novel sterol, 24‐propylidenecholesta‐5,25‐dien‐3β‐ol, were detected in several species.     

Isolation and Culture of a Marine Bacterium Degrading the Sulfated Fucans from Marine Brown Algae

Fucoidans are matrix polysaccharides from marine brown algae, consisting of an α-l-fucose backbone substituted by sulfate-ester groups and masked with ramifications containing other monosaccharide residues. In spite of their interest as biologically active compounds in a number of homologous and heterologous systems, no convenient sources with fucanase activity are available yet for the degradation of the fucalean algae. We here report on the isolation, characterization, and culture conditions of a bacterial strain capable of degrading various brown algal fucoidans. This bacterium, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, was shown to secrete fucoidan endo-hydrolase activity. An extracellular enzyme preparation was used to degrade the fucoidan from the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata. End products included a tetrasaccharide and a hexasaccharide made of the repetition of disaccharidic units consisting of α-1→3-l-fucopyranose-2-sulfate-α-1→4-l-fucopyranose-2,3-disulfate, with the 3-linked residues at the nonreducing end.     

Characterization of Two Cytosolic Diacylglycerol Kinase Forms

Abstract: Two forms of rat brain cytosolic diacylglycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) were separated by heparin-agarose column chromatography. These forms, designated DGK-I and DGK-II, were not interconvertible as determined by rechromatography. DGK-I and DGK-II had respective molecular masses of 88 and 180 kDa, as measured by Sepharose 6B chromatography. Both forms preferred diacylglycerol over monoacylglycerol and were insensitive to R59022. DGK-II, but not DGK-I, was activated by an activator substance prepared from chicken egg yolk. DGK-II was activated by a rat brain cytosolic activator and was exclusively sensitive to 5'-AMP-mediated inactivation. Further studies revealed that these two forms had the following distinct characteristics: (a) substrate specificity, (b) inhibition by heparin, (c) sensitivity to lysine-containing polyamino acids, and (d) responses to different phospholipids. In general, DGK-II was more responsive to various inhibitors and activators, making it a prime candidate for a regulatable enzyme.     

Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Marine Algae

The ability of four different algae (three brown and one red) that have not been previously studied to adsorb Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions was investigated. The metal uptake was dependent on the type of biosorbent, with different accumulation affinities towards the tested elements. The HCl-treated biomass decreased the metal biosorptive capacity particularly in the case of Cr³ adsorption with Laurencia obtusa. The extent of uptake of the different metals with the tested algae was assessed under different conditions such as pH, time of algal residence in solution with the metal, and concentration of algal biomass. The rate of uptake of the different metals was very fast in the first 2 h; thereafter the increase in metal uptake was insignificant. The amount of the metal uptake (5–15 mg range) increased steeply by increasing the weight of the biomass. An exception was L. obtusa, where a parallel increase of the uptake of different metals was observed on increasing the algal mass from 5 to 50 mg. Received: 21 December 1999 / Accepted: 24 April 2000     

鱼毒性赤潮藻类的次生代谢物

本文对近年来引起赤潮,并对其他海洋生物、生态系统造成危害的米氏凯伦藻次生代谢物溶血毒素、活性氧、脂肪酸和细胞毒素等的产生机制与危害方式的研究进展作一介绍。     

Antifungal Bromophenols from Marine Red Alga Symphyocladia latiuscula

Three new highly brominated polyphenols, 1 – 3 , together with one known bromophenol, 4 , were isolated from the EtOH extract of a marine red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula collected from the coast of Qingdao, P. R. China. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic experiments (NMR and MS) and comparison with literature data. Compounds 3 and 4 showed activities against the Candida albicans with the MIC values of 25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively.     

海藻抗菌活性物质研究进展（综述）

综述近年来在海洋藻类中发现并已分离鉴定出抗奥林投菌活性物质的化合物,同时对海藻抗菌活性的研究前景进行展望.