长链非编码RNA在心肌肥厚中的研究现状及进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)的结构、功能存在多样性,参与多种生理及病生理过程,具有重要的功能,是近期的生物医学研究热点之一。长链非编码RNA与多种心血管疾病密切相关,最新的报道发现长链非编码RNA在心肌肥厚的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。本文主要结合长链非编码RNA在心肌肥厚领域的研究现状,综述其在疾病发生发展中的作用和意义。     

卵巢癌相关长链非编码RNA的生物信息学挖掘

探讨卵巢癌中差异表达的长链非编码RNA,从NCBI基因芯片数据库GEO下载卵巢癌基因芯片数据GSE14407,用SAM软件输出差异表达的基因,对其进行重注释并筛选出其中的长链非编码RNA,用Gene Cluster和Tree View软件验证SAM软件分析结果。针对该芯片数据,筛出133个在卵巢癌中表达有差异的长链非编码RNA,其中112个上调,21个下调,且这些长链非编码RNA的表达倍数均2或0.5,差异有统计学意义(q值0.05)。用生物信息学方法挖掘普通基因芯片中卵巢癌相关长链非编码RNA是十分有效的方法,可为卵巢癌相关长链非编码RNA的探索提供新途径。     

长链非编码RNA在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

动脉粥样硬化是一种致病因素多样、病理机制复杂的心血管疾病。近年研究发现,长链非编码RNA在动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展过程中发挥重要的调控作用。通过调节脂代谢、糖尿病、肥胖等危险因素,参与血管内皮功能、血管新生、免疫炎症等病理机制,影响动脉粥样硬化的疾病进程。本文就长链非编码RNA在动脉粥样硬化中的研究现状,综述其对疾病危险因素及病理机制的调控作用。     

miRNA,lncRNA与心血管疾病

近年来,心血管疾病在我国的发病率和致死率呈逐年上升趋势,已成为威胁我国公众健康的重要疾病之一.尽管长期的研究使人们对心血管疾病有了一定的了解,但是其发病机制尚未完全清楚.非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是指转录组中不编码蛋白的功能性RNA分子,包括微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)等.miRNA是一类在进化上高度保守,具有转录后调节活性的单链非编码小分子RNA.而lncRNA是一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的功能性非编码RNA分子.研究表明,这些功能性ncRNA不但在细胞增殖、分化和衰老过程中发挥着重要作用,还参与了癌症、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病等疾病的病理进程.本文将着重概述miRNA和lncRNA在心血管疾病中的作用及其最新研究进展.     

长链非编码RAN的研究进展

人类基因组计划完成证实,人类共有3-3.5万个编码基因,这些基因所涵盖的编码信息仅占人类30亿个碱基对中携带遗传信息的1.5%,其余超过98%的遗传信息并不直接编码蛋白质。近些年来由于测序技术的飞速发展,人们发现这部分遗传信息与调控、剪切、转录等生物过程密切相关,其中长链非编码RNA具有表观遗传学调控、转录调控、疾病调控、细胞分化和个体发育等重要的生命过程的调控等过程,因此如何寻找RAN的功能单元和预测新的长链非编码RNA成为很重要的问题。就非编码RNA的起源与进化进行阐述,综述了长链非编码RNA在癌症上的功能,综合了长链非编码RNA一些常见的数据库及使用最新的生物信息学手段和相关技术预测长链非编码RNA,并进行进一步的功能研究。     

长链非编码RNA与心血管疾病的关系

心血管疾病是当今全球人群的首要死因,也是引起期望寿命损失最主要的疾病。大量研究用流行病学、病理生理学、分子生物学等方法揭示该类疾病的发病机制,并取得了重大进展。近年来,随着遗传学和生物信息技术的飞速发展,越来越多的研究发现长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lnc RNA)与心血管疾病的发生、发展、诊断和治疗密切相关。该文就lnc RNA与心血管疾病的关系作一综述,以期帮助读者了解lnc RNA在心血管疾病发生发展中的作用。     

长链非编码RNA在肿瘤发生和天然免疫中的功能与调控机制

摘要:长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是长度大于200个核苷酸的不具有编码蛋白质能力的RNA分子。长链非编码RNA一度被认为是转录“噪音”。然而,近年来大量的实验证据表明长链非编码RNA通过表观遗传修饰与转录调控、转录后加工、翻译调控等多种机制,在细胞生命活动中发挥重要作用。lncRNA的异常表达和调控往往与肿瘤发生、宿主抗病原微生物感染的天然免疫应答密切相关,本文就这些方面研究进展进行综述。     

MicroRNA和lncRNA:衰老相关心血管疾病的重要调控因子

真核生物非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNAs)可在多个阶段调控基因表达。其中,研究最多的microRNAs(miRNA)主要在转录后水平抑制基因表达,而长链非编码RNAs(long non-coding RNA,lncRNAs)在转录和转录后水平对基因表达都具有调控作用。近来研究发现,ncRNAs对衰老相关疾病的恶化和病理过程有广泛影响,包括降低心血管功能与促进衰老相关心血管疾病的发生。本文对ncRNAs在衰老相关心血管疾病中的调控作用进行综述,提出了ncRNAs在衰老相关心血管疾病研究方面存在的问题和挑战。     

长链非编码RNA对骨质疏松症调控作用的研究进展

骨质疏松症是以骨密度减低和骨微结构破坏为特征的骨代谢性疾病,可引起骨脆性增加和骨折风险增大。近年来,随着骨质疏松症病因研究的深入,基因领域的机制研究获得了更多发现。长链非编码RNA参与多种生理和病理变化,已成为控制基因表达和影响多种生物过程的重要表观遗传调节因子。大量研究表明,长链非编码RNA能够通过调控干细胞分化和骨重塑等过程对骨质疏松症产生影响。该文主要针对长链非编码RNA对干细胞、成骨细胞及破骨细胞增殖、分化调控作用进行综述,旨在探讨长链非编码RNA在骨质疏松症形成机制中的调控作用,为骨质疏松症的预防和临床治疗提供理论依据。     

Transforming growth factor <Emphasis Type="Italic">beta</Emphasis> signaling in adult cardiovascular diseases and repair

The majority of children with congenital heart disease now live into adulthood due to the remarkable surgical and medical advances that have taken place over the past half century. Because of this, adults now represent the largest age group with adult cardiovascular diseases. It includes patients with heart diseases that were not detected or not treated during childhood, those whose defects were surgically corrected but now need revision due to maladaptive responses to the procedure, those with exercise problems and those with age-related degenerative diseases. Because adult cardiovascular diseases in this population are relatively new, they are not well understood. It is therefore necessary to understand the molecular and physiological pathways involved if we are to improve treatments. Since there is a developmental basis to adult cardiovascular disease, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathways that are essential for proper cardiovascular development may also play critical roles in the homeostatic, repair and stress response processes involved in adult cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, we have chosen to summarize the current information on a subset of TGFβ ligand and receptor genes and related effector genes that, when dysregulated, are known to lead to cardiovascular diseases and adult cardiovascular deficiencies and/or pathologies. A better understanding of the TGFβ signaling network in cardiovascular disease and repair will impact genetic and physiologic investigations of cardiovascular diseases in elderly patients and lead to an improvement in clinical interventions.     

血浆游离DNA检测在心血管系统疾病诊断中的应用

心血管疾病发病率和病死率居高不下,寻求敏感性高的生物学指标帮助早期诊断和改善预后意义重大.血浆游离DNA(cell-free DNA,cfDNA)是一类存在于血浆、尿液及其他体液中游离于细胞之外的双链DNA片段.血浆cfDNA水平在心血管疾病的早期明显升高,提示其可能是心血管疾病的潜在生物标志物.为了更深入理解cfDN...     

microRNA在常见致死性心脏病中的改变

微小RNA(micro RNA,mi RNA)是一类真核生物内源性非编码单链的小RNA分子,长度大约为19-23个核苷酸,拥有高度的保守性,不编码蛋白质,也是近年来研究最热门的一个新领域,通过与靶m RNA特异性结合来调节基因表达,且表达都具有组织特异性。最近,许多研究表明mi RNA在心血管系统疾病和肿瘤疾病方面的相关研究都取得了突破性的进展,mi RNA在肿瘤疾病中是通过调节癌基因及抑癌基因而调控肿瘤的生物学过程,在心血管系统疾病中与心肌肥厚及心肌再生等过程有密切的关系,包括冠状动脉疾病、心肌肥大、心肌梗死、心律失常、高血压和心力衰竭等疾病,且在心脏病学中扮演着及其重要的角色。Mi RNA的表达量增加或者减少对心血管疾病都有影响,该文对新近有关的mi RNA在心血管系统疾病中的研究进展、诊断、治疗以及预后予以综述。     

Role of lipid and lipoprotein metabolizing enzymes in the development of atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in developed and developing nations. With an increase in the aging population, there is a surge in the incidence of atheroscleortic cardiovascular diseases. One of the most common and lethal manifestations of atherosclerosis is coronary heart disease, accounting for 50% of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in men and women younger than 75 years. Peripheral arterial diseases, manifested mainly as intermittent claudication constitute approximately 10% of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. According to the American Heart Association 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update, atherosclerosis accounts for 75% of all deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, atherosclerosis continues to remain the primary cause of health concern for the population at large. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of lipid and lipoproteins in the development of atherosclerosis.     

CardioGenBase: A Literature Based Multi-Omics Database for Major Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both, genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in the enumeration of various cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, a vast amount of multi-omics data are accumulated in the field of cardiovascular research, yet the understanding of key mechanistic aspects of CVDs remain uncovered. Hence, a comprehensive online resource tool is required to comprehend previous research findings and to draw novel methodology for understanding disease pathophysiology. Here, we have developed a literature-based database, CardioGenBase, collecting gene-disease association from Pubmed and MEDLINE. The database covers major cardiovascular diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertensive heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, ischemic heart disease and rheumatic heart disease. It contains ~1,500 cardiovascular disease genes from ~2,4000 research articles. For each gene, literature evidence, ontology, pathways, single nucleotide polymorphism, protein-protein interaction network, normal gene expression, protein expressions in various body fluids and tissues are provided. In addition, tools like gene-disease association finder and gene expression finder are made available for the users with figures, tables, maps and venn diagram to fit their needs. To our knowledge, CardioGenBase is the only database to provide gene-disease association for above mentioned major cardiovascular diseases in a single portal. CardioGenBase is a vital online resource to support genome-wide analysis, genetic, epigenetic and pharmacological studies.     

心外膜脂肪组织与心血管疾病的研究进展

心外膜脂肪组织(epicardial adipose tissue,EAT)是一种特殊的具有局部和全身效应的多功能脂肪组织,其解剖位置特殊,代谢和组织学特征明显区别于其他脂肪组织.在生理条件下,EAT具有产热和保护心脏的作用;而在病理状态下,EAT通过分泌多种促炎细胞因子/脂肪因子,参与心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)的发生发展.EAT的厚度/体积及其引发的慢性炎症反应与CVD的严重程度呈显著正相关,运动、减轻体重和药物等均可恢复EAT对心血管的保护作用,提示其有望成为CVD诊断、治疗和预后评价的指标.本文通过对EAT的特征、功能、调节机制以及在血管损伤后重构、动脉粥样硬化、高血压病、心律失常、心功能不全等CVD中的作用做一综述,以期为CVD的防治提供新靶点.     

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION

Cardiovascular related diseases are the major cause of death in the United States. The primary goal of the physician should be prevention of these diseases; however, once problems occur, a definitive rehabilitation program must be instituted in addition to the medical and surgical treatment. Although risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease are numerous, statistical reports suggest that control of these factors might delay or prevent such development. This presentation describes the recommended Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Program for high-risk patients or those with existing cardiovascular disease. The basis of the physical fitness and rehabilitation program is controlled progression-of-energy-expenditure physical activity and exercise in metabolic equivalents (METS). Education plays a key role in decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, and should start at an early age. Adults at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease should be offered medically supervised physical fitness exercise programs, with monitoring where necessary.     

从肠道微生物出发探讨其代谢产物与心血管疾病的关系

肠道菌群在维护人类的健康以及在疾病发展中起到重要的作用。随着对肠道菌群的逐步了解,人们发现肠道菌群结构和功能的紊乱与动脉粥样硬化和冠心病等心血管疾病的发生密切相关。肠道菌群的代谢产物例如氧化三甲胺、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸和脂多糖的增多被认为是影响心血管疾病发生、发展和预后的危险因素。本文将阐述肠道菌群及其代谢产物在心血管疾病发病机制中的作用,从“心血管-肠道-肠道菌群”的角度,为心血管疾病的个体化辨证防治提供新的思路和方法。     

Peripheral blood gene expression profiling for cardiovascular disease assessment

Whole blood gene expression profiling has the potential to be informative about dynamic changes in disease states and to provide information on underlying disease mechanisms. Having demonstrated proof of concept in animal models, a number of studies have now tried to tackle the complexity of cardiovascular disease in human hosts to develop better diagnostic and prognostic indicators. These studies show that genomic signatures are capable of classifying patients with cardiovascular diseases into finer categories based on the molecular architecture of a patient's disease and more accurately predict the likelihood of a cardiovascular event than current techniques. To highlight the spectrum of potential applications of whole blood gene expression profiling approach in cardiovascular science, we have chosen to review the findings in a number of complex cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial infarction as well as thromboembolism, aortic aneurysm, and heart transplant.     

铜在心血管系统中的有益作用

随着经济水平和生活水平的逐步提高,我国心血管疾病的患者数量也在逐年上升。因此,加深对心血管疾病的认知和预防乃是当务之急。在人体所需的众多微量金属元素中,铜对维护心血管的健康起到了重要的作用。铜的缺乏可能会导致一系列心血管疾病的发生,如冠心病、高血压、心律失常等。究其原因,是由于铜能影响血管的形成以及血管的正常生理功能,同时也参与了众多相关生长因子的调控。所以,人体要保证足量的铜摄入,避免铜元素的缺乏。向生物材料中主动添加铜元素,可以通过释放铜离子起到促进内皮细胞增殖和迁移的作用,进而加速伤口的愈合。目前,治疗高发的冠心病的重要手段是采用冠脉支架植入手术,但是其依旧面临着支架内再狭窄和血栓这两种风险。含铜的金属支架材料通过释放对血管有益的铜离子,有望加快支架植入后的内皮化过程,进而降低支架内再狭窄和血栓的发生率。所以,将来积极开发应用于心血管领域的含铜医用材料是一种缓解和治疗心血管疾病的有效途径。