酶法联合闪式提取红叶李花多糖及单糖初步分析

采用酶法联合闪式提取红叶李花中多糖,对多糖进行纯化和分离,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)初步分析多糖的组成。以单因素实验为基础,以响应面设计优化确立最佳提取工艺,以DEAE-52纤维素柱和Sephadex G-150分离多糖,乙酰化后分析单糖组成。最佳提取工艺为:酶解温度为45℃,酶解时间为2h,酶用量为0.17%,闪式提取时间为3 min,液料比35倍,转速为3000 rpm。多糖得率达到13.02%。多糖由PPCS-Ⅰ和PPCS-Ⅱ两部分构成,PPCS-Ⅰ的单糖组成和比例为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖(摩尔比为12.11∶3.16∶7.06∶1∶4.92),PPCS-Ⅱ的单糖组成和比例为鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖(摩尔比为5.02∶1∶13.65∶11.76∶8.39)。     

极大螺旋藻胞内多糖分离纯化及其结构的初步分析

本文以原产于非洲乍得湖的极大螺旋藻 (Spirulinamaxima)为材料 ,热水提取胞内粗多糖 ,丙酮、乙醚脱水脱色 ,再经改良的Sevag等方法脱蛋白 ,获得胞内多糖半精品 (Intracellularpolysaccharide ,IPSⅠ ) ,经DE 5 2、SephadexG 10 0层析柱纯化 ,得到两种单一组分的多糖精品 :IPSⅡA和IPSⅡB。利用HPLC、IR等方法测定其初步结构。结果显示 :IPSⅡA的平均分子量为 2 38,0 0 0Dt,主要单糖组成为L 岩藻糖、L 鼠李糖、D 木糖、D 半乳糖 (摩尔比为 6 .0 9∶3.38∶0 .6 6∶0 .0 72 ) ,硫酸根含量为 2 6 .3± 3.7μg/mg ,糖醛酸含量约为 13.37± 0 .4 5 μg/mg ;IPSⅡB的平均分子量为 34,90 0Dt ,主要单糖组成包括D 木糖、L 鼠李糖、D 果糖、D 葡萄糖、L 岩藻糖、D 甘露糖 (摩尔比为 6 .6 6∶4 .6 3∶0 .2 8∶0 .12∶0 .0 87∶0 .0 2 2 ) ,糖苷键构型以α型为主 ,硫酸根含量为2 1.5± 1.2 μg/mg。     

金耳子实体和发酵菌丝体多糖的分离纯化与结构的比较研究

人工段木栽培的金耳（ＴｒｅｎｅｌｌａａｕｒａｎｔｉａｌｂａＢａｎｄｏｎｉｅｔＺａｎｇ）子实体和深层培养的金耳菌丝体分别经沸水提取,醇析,透析,Ｓｅｖａｇｅ法脱蛋白,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱层析纯化,得子实体纯多糖ＴＡｆ和菌丝体纯多糖ＡＴｍ。玻璃纤维纸电泳表明ＴＡｍ和ＴＡｆ为单一均匀多糖。糖层层析表明,ＴＡｍ的单糖组成为半乳糖,葡萄糖,甘露糖,岩藻糖,鼠李糖,ＴＡｆ单糖组成为葡萄糖,甘露糖,木糖     

藏药蕨麻多糖的光谱性质及单糖组成分析

本研究对藏药蕨麻多糖进行了分离提纯,并测定其水溶性多糖含量为99.4%;通过紫外光谱与红外光谱分析表明,蕨麻多糖为分子量较小的α-吡喃糖,并含有氨基糖;蕨麻多糖的水解单糖经过NMP衍生后进行毛细管电泳分析,测得其单糖组成为木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸,含量分别为3.945、77.445、17.568、17.646、3.942、2.165、65.268、13.037μg/mg和33.484μg/mg,与GC-MS的定性分析结果一致。     

宁夏不同地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分分析

以宁夏4个不同地区(灵武、中宁、青铜峡、银川)成熟期的灵武长枣果实为研究对象,经水提醇沉法提取,采用DEAE-cellulose52和HW-55S分离纯化,并利用GC-MS法进行多糖的单糖组成分析。结果表明:多糖提取率最高的是灵武地区,达到1.795%;分离纯化后,4个地区的长枣多糖各得到1个中性(Ju-0)和3个酸性组分(Ju-1、Ju-2、Ju-3),其中Ju-2含量最高;GC-MS分析可知灵武长枣多糖含有阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸10种单糖,不含果糖,以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖和2种糖醛酸为主,木糖含量最低。各地区多糖的单糖组成、含量各不相同,从各组分来看,四个地区多糖的Ju-0和Ju-1组分组成均以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖为主,四个地区多糖的组成差异主要在于Ju-2和Ju-3组分。从各地区单糖总量来看,灵武地区是阿拉伯糖含量最高,中宁、青铜峡、银川地区以葡萄糖醛酸含量为最高。     

丹皮多糖PSM2b的纯化及其理化性质研究

从中药丹皮(MoutanCortex)蒸馏水浸提液得到粗多糖,经DEAE Cellulose 52柱层析分离得到降血糖组分PSM2b,Surperdex200柱层析进一步纯化得到PSM2b A和PSM2b B两个组分,快速层析纯化系统(FPLC)和电泳鉴定为均一的多糖蛋白复合物。FPLC法测定A和B两组分的分子量分别为1.16×105、1.30×104,苯酚 硫酸法测得其总糖含量分别为76.91%、32.00%,Folin 酚法测得其蛋白含量分别为9.90%、42.60%。气相色谱分析PSM2b A的单糖组成为:L 鼠李糖、L 岩藻糖、L 阿拉伯糖、D 木糖、D 甘露糖、D 葡萄糖、D 半乳糖,摩尔比依次为1.00∶0.18∶4.30∶0.50∶1.30∶2.41∶6.97,PSM2b B的单糖组成为:L 鼠李糖、L 岩藻糖、L 阿拉伯糖、D 葡萄糖、D 半乳糖,摩尔比依次为1.00∶1.17∶0.183∶2.34∶4.18。两者的红外光谱呈现多糖吸收特征峰,含有吡喃糖苷键。β消去反应初步证明所提取的两种糖蛋白不存在O 型糖肽键。     

银耳孢子多糖TF-A、TF-B、TF-C的分离、纯化及组成单糖的鉴定

用固体培养法获得的中国福建产银耳孢子(Tremella fucifromis Berk)经热水提取,三氯醋酸-正丁醇除杂蛋白、透析、乙醇沉淀,再通过DEAE-Dextran-Gel A-25柱层析分离和Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化,得到三种白色粉末状的多糖,命名为TF-A、TF-B及TF-C。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析及气相色谱分析证明三者均为均一体。TF-A、TF-B及TF-C用酸完全水解,经纸层析和气相色谱分析表明:TF-A由L-岩藻糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-木糖、D-甘露糖、D-半乳糖和D-葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为葡萄糖:甘露糖:木糖:岩藻糖:阿拉伯糖:半乳糖=1.06:1.0:0.33:0.29:0.037:0.75,TF-B及TF-C都由L-岩藻糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-木糖、D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,摩尔比分别为:葡萄糖:甘露糖:木糖:岩藻糖:阿拉伯糖:葡萄糖醛酸=0.16:1.0:0.28:0.73:0.036:0.19和0.086:1.0:0.37:0.75:0.058:0.37。     

两个赤芝子实体多糖的理化特性分析及结构鉴定

赤芝子实体多糖P32A分子量为506,322,P32B分子量为287,389,两种多糖均以己糖为主构成。P32A由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为：4．3：2．6：6．3：11．4;P32B亦由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为：1．2：1．0：2．1：9．2。该结果显示,P32A与P32B具有较类似的糖组成,且都以葡萄糖和甘露糖为主要单糖组分。根据^13C NMR和甲基化的结果分析知P32A可能含有l→4连接的葡萄糖构成的主链,非还原末端均由葡萄糖构成,此外P32A中还有l,4-连接的甘露糖和l,3—连接的鼠李糖。P32B可能以l→3连接形成主链,部分l,3-连接葡萄糖的6位有分支,该多糖也含有由葡萄糖构成的非还原末端,与P32A类似,P32B中还含有l,4-连接的甘露糖,不同的是不含l,3—连接的鼠李糖。     

苦豆子多糖的分离纯化及初步结构北大核心CSCD

本文研究了苦豆子多糖的分离纯化以及初步结构。采用水溶醇沉方法提取粗多糖,然后通过离子交换层析分离纯化,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、紫外吸收以及红外吸收光谱对多糖组分进行分析研究。获得苦豆子多糖相对分子质量均一性组分SPN和SPA,测得其平均相对分子质量分别为1.217×106Da和4.412×105Da,二者均不含蛋白质,且都具有红外的多糖特征吸收峰,其单糖组成(质量比)分别为阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.90∶11.24∶86.24∶18.81∶16.89、鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶5.80∶1.72∶20.10∶1.64∶27.20。本文为苦豆子多糖的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

苦豆子多糖的分离纯化及初步结构

本文研究了苦豆子多糖的分离纯化以及初步结构。采用水溶醇沉方法提取粗多糖,然后通过离子交换层析分离纯化,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、紫外吸收以及红外吸收光谱对多糖组分进行分析研究。获得苦豆子多糖相对分子质量均一性组分SPN和SPA,测得其平均相对分子质量分别为1.217×106Da和4.412×105Da,二者均不含蛋白质,且都具有红外的多糖特征吸收峰,其单糖组成(质量比)分别为阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.90∶11.24∶86.24∶18.81∶16.89、鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶5.80∶1.72∶20.10∶1.64∶27.20。本文为苦豆子多糖的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定金钱菇多糖的单糖组成

采用高效液相色谱法,测定金钱菇多糖的单糖组成.用超声辅助提取金钱菇多糖,通过1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮(PMP)衍生水解后的单糖,高效液相色谱法检测衍生物.结果表明：金钱菇多糖由甘露糖(Man)、核糖(Rib)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)组成,其摩尔为1．00∶0．90∶0．91∶28．03∶1．58∶0．11.该方法快速、简便、重现性好,可用于测定金钱菇多糖的单糖组成.     

Structural aspects of the exudate from the fruit of Chorisia speciosa St. Hil

Mature fruit of Chorisia speciosa yield an exudate (E-I) following mechanical injury. The polysaccharide contains rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in molar ratios of 20:11:1:3:2:40:23. The main chain of the structure is composed by beta-galactopyranosyl units linked (1 --> 3) and (1 --> 6) as indicated by NMR spectra and methylation data. Arabinosef and rhamnose are terminal residues. In order to compare E-I with the polysaccharides from the fruit mesocarp, the latter was submitted to different extractions. The water fraction contains rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and uronic acid in molar ratios of 18:4:1:2:3:44:28. It was treated with CTAB yielding a precipitate which was decomplexed with NaCl, giving four fractions. The fraction obtained using 0.15 M NaCl had a quantitative composition similar that of E-I.     

Characterization and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides

Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharide (GBEP) was obtained by hot water extraction, the crude polysaccharide was deproteinized by Sevag method and fractionized by a DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange column. Five fragments were obtained, including neutral polysaccharide (GBEP-N) and four acidic polysaccharides (GBEP-A1, GBEP-A2, GBEP-A3 and GBEP-A4). GBEP-N and GBEP-A3 were further purified by Superdex 200 gel column chromatography. The resulted two fractions GBEP-NN, and GBEP-AA were characterized by FT-IR, and HPGFC (high pressure gel filtration chromatography). Monosaccharide composition was determined by RP-HPLC method of precolumn derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-5-pyrazolone. GBEP-NN was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose, while GBEP-AA was mainly made up of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. The crude GBEP exhibited certain antioxidant activity. At the concentration of 5 mg/mL, the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of GBEP was 90.52%, greater than 77.37% for the positive control ascorbic acid.     

半枝莲多糖SPS_4组分的纯化性质及分析

半枝莲经热水提取,除蛋白质,乙醇沉淀,DEAE-纤维素及Sephadex G-150柱层析分离得到一种白色粉状多糖SPS_4。经琼脂糖电泳、玻璃纤维纸电泳及醋酸纤维素薄膜,凝胶柱层析证明SPS_4为均一性多糖。经进行完全酸水解后纸层析及气相层析分析确定糖基的组成及摩尔组成比为鼠李糖:岩藻糖:阿拉伯糖:木糖:甘露糖:葡萄糖:牛乳糖=0.22:0.26:1.0:0.09:0.51:1.82:2.09。平均分子量为10000。体外实验表明,多糖SPS_4对S-180肉瘤细胞及腹水肝癌细胞均有一定的抑制作用。     

Sugar compositions of extra- and intracellular polysaccharides produced by candida lipolytica (4124) grown on n-hexadecane

The free monosaccharide content of C. lipolytica (strain 4 124) cells grown on n-hexadecane was identified and found to be only glucose. The chromatographic analysis of the hydrolysate of intracellular cell wall polysaccharides indicated the presence of glucose: mannose: galactose: xylose in a ratio of 1 : 1.32 : 1.07 : 0.35. Paper and dise electrophoresis of extracellular polysaccharid from the culture broth was found to be heterogeneous. Ethanol fractionation separated it to a major component F (I) 81.99% and a minor one F (II) 13.04%. Analysis of the major fraction showed that it consisted of galactose and mannose only while the minor polysaccharide consisted of galactose, glucose and mannose. Thus it was concluded that the predominant sugar in both extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides was mannose. Xylose was detected in the intracellular polysaccharide only.     

两种灵芝孢子粉多糖的分离纯化和结构

本文采用水提醇沉法从灵芝孢子粉中提取其粗多糖,经Sepharose CL-6B凝胶柱层析分离得两种主要成分LBPI和LBPII,经高效液相色谱鉴定,均为高均一性成分,分子量分别为9.17×10 ⁴和1.86×10 ⁴;经酸水解、乙酰化和气相色谱分析,确定LBPI的单糖组成为甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖,LBPII的单糖组成为鼠李糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖;通过高碘酸氧化、甲基化和GC-MS进行结构分析,确定LBPI中葡萄糖残基连接方式为1→、1→4,6和1→3,6连接,半乳糖残基为1→6连接,甘露糖残基为1→3,6连接,LBPII中鼠李糖残基连接方式为1→连接,葡萄糖残基为1→、1→4、1→6、1→4,6和1→3,6连接,半乳糖残基为1→6连接,甘露糖残基为1→2,3,6连接。综上,两种多糖LBPI和LBPII均为多分支的中型杂多糖,但两者的单糖组成和连接方式存在差异,这两种多糖成分均为首次报道,可望为灵芝孢子粉的成分、活性研究和资源开发提供理论依据。     

Effect of IAA on Growth and Soluble Cell Wall Polysaccharides Centrifuged from Pine Hypocotyl Sections

Auxin-induced elongation and cell wall polysaccharide metabolism were studied in excised hypocotyl sections of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings. Sections excised from hypocotyls of ponderosa pine elongate in response to the addition of auxin. The neutral sugar composition of the extracellular solution removed from hypocotyl sections by centrifugation was examined. In cell wall solution from freshly excised sections, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose make up more than 90% of the neutral sugars, while rhamnose, fucose, and mannose are relatively minor components. The neutral sugar composition of the polysaccharides of the pine cell wall solution is both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of pea. Following auxin treatment of pine hypocotyls, the neutral sugar composition of the cell wall changes; glucose, xylose, rhamnose, and fucose increase by nearly 2-fold relative to controls in buffer without auxin. These changes in neutral sugars in response to auxin treatment are similar to those found in pea, with the exception that in pea, rhamnose levels decline in response to auxin treatment.     

桦褐孔菌子实体多糖的提取及体外降血糖活性

通过响应面设计得到桦褐孔菌子实体Inonotus obliquus多糖的优化提取条件,利用酶和细胞体外实验,探究桦褐孔菌子实体多糖的降血糖活性,确定活性多糖组分,并初步分析其降糖机理及单糖组成.优化条件下多糖得率为(2.79±0.03)％.粗多糖经乙醇分级沉淀分别获得IOP30、IOP60、IOP80组分.其中IOP3...     

Quantitative Assay of Polysaccharide Components Obtained from Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharides of Xanthomonas Species

The cell wall lipopolysaccharides from 17 species belonging to the genus Xanthomonas were extracted from the cells with hot 45% phenol. After purification, the components of the polysaccharide were obtained by acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and were quantitatively assayed. Data obtained show that all preparations contained uronic acid, phosphate, and mannose in molar ratios of approximately 1:2:1, and glucose and rhamnose in more variable concentrations. Most lipopolysaccharides contained either xylose or fucose, but those extracted from X. sinensis and X. campestris contained neither xylose nor fucose.     

蔓三七茎多糖理化性质及抗氧化和免疫调节研究

为提取蔓三七茎中的多糖及研究它的理化性质并评价其抗氧化、免疫调节活性,以蔓三七茎为原料,采用水提醇沉法获得蔓三七茎粗多糖(GPSCP),先测定了粗多糖的含量、糖醛酸含量、硫酸根含量、蛋白质含量。再采用Sevage试剂和透析法对蔓三七茎粗多糖进行纯化,得到蔓三七茎多糖(GPSP)。采用气相色谱法测定GPSP中单糖组分和红外光谱测定多糖的结构,通过总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基、OH自由基的清除能力评价GPSP的体外抗氧化能力;通过体外实验评估GPSP对RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫调节活性。结果表明,所得GPSCP的得率为15.56%,总糖含量为52.32%;GPSP的得率为8.67%,含量为78.54±2.13%;GPSP中单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,摩尔比为1.69∶4.64∶9.17∶1.00∶1.92∶4.85。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,GPSP具有良好的抗氧化能力,对总抗氧化能力、DPPH和OH自由基清除效果明显。GPSP可显著提高RAW264.7细胞内一氧化氮(NO)的浓度,在给药浓度为50.0μg/mL时,NO的分泌量达到最大,为39.28±3.25μmol/L,GPSP可以提高免疫力,在功能食品的开发中,可以作为一个潜在的免疫调节剂。