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1.
天然河道底部的障碍物形成了复杂的水流环境,洄游鱼类对复杂水流环境的响应行为对于鱼能否上行或下行通过障碍物并完成生活史至关重要。本研究在封闭水槽中采用递增流速法测试了鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼在不同障碍物型式下的临界游泳速度,结果表明:鳙幼鱼在自由来流、圆柱和半圆柱下的临界游泳能力无显著性差异(P>0.05),而方柱下鳙幼鱼的临界游泳能力显著降低(P<0.05);鳙幼鱼受障碍物下游复杂流场影响表现出3个特征游泳姿态,依此划分出3个位置区间;为了分析方柱下游泳能力下降的原因,统计了不同流速下鳙幼鱼在3个位置区间所占的时间百分比,并提取了相应的游泳动力学指标,包括摆尾频率、摆尾幅度、鱼头侧向最大加速度、鱼身侧向最大加速度、身体波动速度、身体波长和鱼头最大转角速度;鳙幼鱼在近柱区(障碍物下游6~26 cm; A区)停留时间最长,时间百分比高达63.1%;其次是中区(障碍物下游26~46 cm; B区)为29.1%;远柱区(障碍物下游46~66 cm; C区)最低,为7.8%;不同水流速度下,鳙幼鱼在方柱下游3个位置区间的时间百分比分布也有明显差异,在流速为5...  相似文献   

2.
鳙(花鲢)在自然环境中分布于中国南部流域至阿穆尔河,是重要的经济性鱼类,具江湖生殖洄游特性。大坝建设阻碍了其洄游产卵繁殖通道,导致自然环境中其繁殖力的下降,需要有效的过鱼设施帮助鳙通过大坝等水流屏障。为了设计高效的鱼道引导鳙通过,本文通过自制密封的鱼类游泳实验装置,研究了鳙幼鱼游泳能力。测定了5个温度 (5、10、15、20和25℃)下鳙幼鱼的临界游泳速度。通过测定不同温度下,疲劳前后血清总蛋白(TP)、血糖(GLU)和甘油三酯(TG)含量,评价疲劳运动引起的生理胁迫。结果表明,在试验温度范围内,随着温度的升高,临界游泳速度显著提高(P0.05)。25℃时临界游泳速度最大,为7.01 BL/s (1.19 m/s)。在疲劳运动后,血清总蛋白、血糖和甘油三酯含量显著升高(P0.05)。水温低于15℃与高于15℃相比,鳙疲劳运动后血清总蛋白、血糖和甘油三酯含量显著升高。以鳙幼鱼为研究对象,研究了非适宜温度环境和疲劳运动胁迫下鱼类的生理反应。以期为鱼类生理学研究和渔业保护管理等领域提供理论依据,为制定有效的鱼道提供数据参考。  相似文献   

3.
研究以具有下行洄游需求的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼为实验对象, 分别在2种不同流态加速流(Ⅰ: 22—55 cm/s, Ⅱ: 25—60 cm/s)中进行下行实验, 对实验鱼在2种加速流中的游泳行为(下行率、下行方式及各区域游泳时间)进行定量分析并利用游泳停留时间百分比Ft衡量其偏好水流速度。结果显示: 加速流下鲢、鳙均表现出了直接下行与非直接下行两种行为。其中加速流Ⅰ中鲢、鳙直接下行率分别为35.71%、30.00%, Ⅱ中分别为45.83%、59.09%。非直接下行的鲢在2种加速流中小于30 cm/s流速区域的停留时间显著高于其他区域(P<0.05), 即鲢在实验条件下的偏好水流速度范围为小于30 cm/s; 非直接下行的鳙在加速流Ⅰ中小于30 cm/s及50—55 cm/s流速区域的停留时间显著高于其他区域(P<0.05), Ⅱ中小于30 cm/s流速区域的停留时间显著高于其他区域(P<0.05), 即鳙本实验条件下偏好水流速度范围为小于30 cm/s。将2种加速流流速相同区域合并分析发现鲢、鳙在小于30 cm/s和50—55 cm/s流速区域的停留时间存在显著性差异(P<0.05), 中间及高流速区域无明显性差异(P>0.1)。研究表明: 加速流对鲢、鳙下行游泳行为产生了影响且2种鱼在下行通过方式和偏好流速选择上存在一定的种间差异性。  相似文献   

4.
张倩  康斌 《动物学研究》2013,34(4):429-436
为探讨团头鲂幼鱼(Megalobrama amblycephala)游泳行为对水流的响应规律,该文通过特制鱼类游泳行为测定装置,测定了团头鲂幼鱼在25℃,0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4m/s流速条件下的游速、游距、转角、至中心点的距离及游泳轨迹。结果表明:随着流速的增大,个体游速、游距及转角值均相应增大。0、0.1及0.2m/s流速组间的游速、游距及转角差异均不显著(P>0.05),但显著小于0.3和0.4m/s组别,且0.3和0.4m/s流速组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);整个时间段内,个体至中心点的距离随流速增大并未呈现明显规律性,各流速间差异不显著(P>0.05),游速与游距呈显著线性正相关,而与转角呈显著线性负相关,与至中心点的距离则无相关性;游泳轨迹随水流增大趋向复杂化。  相似文献   

5.
胭脂鱼幼鱼的临界游泳速度   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
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6.
五种淡水鱼类幼鱼游泳能力的比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
付翔  付成  付世建 《生态学杂志》2020,(5):1629-1635
为了探讨栖息于不同生境中鱼类的游泳能力和偏好游泳速度及其生理机制,本研究以中华倒刺鲃(pinibarbus sinensis)、异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)、岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)、青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)和胭脂鱼(Myxocrypri...  相似文献   

7.
以具有下行洄游需求的鳙(Aristichthys noblis)幼鱼为研究对象, 在自行设计制造加速流的装置中进行下行实验, 结果发现: 在实验设置的3个入口流速下(入口流速分别为: 0.018、0.034和0.053 m/s), 鳙幼鱼的通过率均为100%。在下行通过孔口的方式上, 以尾部先通过为主(即顶流通过), 尤其是在流速较高的时候, 头部先通过比例仅为6.25%。在通过总时间(从实验开始至通过孔口的时间)上, 鳙幼鱼在低流速条件下显著小于在中流速条件下(P<0.05), 而在高流速条件下与中低两个流速条件下均无显著性差异(P>0.1)。在通过时间(从实验鱼最后一次进入加速区域, 至通过孔口的时间)上, 鳙幼鱼在三种流速条件下没有显著差异性(P>0.1)。研究表明, 加速流会对鳙幼鱼下行的时间和方式产生影响。研究旨在为鱼类资源保护, 帮助鱼类安全高效过坝提供基础数据, 同时也为研究鱼类在下行过程中应对加速流的行为研究提供一种研究方法。  相似文献   

8.
温度对鳊幼鱼临界游泳速度和代谢范围的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨阳  曹振东  付世建 《生态学杂志》2013,32(5):1260-1264
为了考查温度对鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)幼鱼有氧运动能力的影响并探讨有关代谢机制,本研究分别在不同温度(10、18、26和34℃)下测定实验鱼的静止耗氧率(RMR)、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和运动过程中的最大耗氧率(MMR),并以MMR和RMR的差值分别计算各温度下的能量代谢范围(MS).结果表明:随着温度的上升,Ucrit呈现显著上升的趋势(P<0.05),温度由10℃升高至34℃,Ucrit由(6.01±0.32)升至(8.82±0.27) BL·s-1;RMR和MMR也随温度的升高呈现显著上升趋势(P<0.05),其测定值在温度由10℃升高至34 c℃时分别为(161.7±28.8)、(293.0±27.6) mg O2·kg-1·h-1和(558.6±20.4)、(1278.7±57.4) mgO2 ·kg-1 ·h-1,MMR在34℃与26℃相比有下降趋势;MS在10~26℃范围随温度的上升显著上升,26 ~ 34℃却出现显著下降(P<0.05).可见:Ucrit和MS在高温条件下的反应不尽一致;这可能与水的粘滞系数下降、进而导致鳊能量效率提升有关,还可能由于实验鱼无氧代谢能力提高所致.  相似文献   

9.
两种温度条件下四种鱼类临界游泳速度的比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)4种暖水性鱼类为研究对象,分别在(28±1)℃和(10±1)℃条件下测定它们的临界游泳速度,采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据的分析比较。体长相近的鱼类之间比较,鳜的绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度均显著性低于鳙(P0.01),瓦氏黄颡鱼的绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度均显著性低于鲫(P0.01)。通过比较两种温度条件下同种鱼的临界游泳速度,结果发现4种鱼在这两种温度条件下的临界游泳速度均有极显著性差异(P0.01),在(28±1)℃条件下4种鱼的临界游泳速度极显著性高于(10±1)℃条件下它们的临界游泳速度。  相似文献   

10.
鲢幼鱼在不同水流速度下的暴发-滑行行为策略   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在水温(18±1)℃的条件下,以全长(11.70±0.57)cm的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼为研究对象,测定其不同流速(16.5、22.0、27.5、33.0、38.5、44.0、49.5和55.0 cm/s)下的持续游泳时间、调头百分比和暴发-滑行运动数据。结果表明,鲢的平均持续游泳时间先随流速的增加而减小,后随流速的增加而增加。当流速33.0 cm/s时,平均持续时间最短为118.6min,其中各组试验鱼的最大可持续游泳时间均可达到200min。调头百分比随流速的增加迅速减小,当流速≥44.0 cm/s时,不再出现调头行为。暴发-滑行游泳的平均暴发时间随流速的增加呈上升趋势(y=0.03x+2.64,R2=0.92,P<0.05)。平均对地暴发距离均在30-45 cm,没有显著性差异(P>0.05),平均绝对暴发距离存在极显著性差异,且随流速的增加而增加(y=4.98x-5.63,R2=0.98,P<0.001)。平均对地暴发速度没有显著性差异(平均对地平均速度和最大速度分别在9-12 cm/s、12-16 cm/s,P>0.05)。平均绝对暴发速度与水流速度之间存在线性正相关关系(平均绝对平均暴发速度:y=0.98x+10.74,R2=1.00,P<0.001;平均绝对最大暴发速度:y=1.02x+13.75,R2=0.99,P<0.001)。研究表明鲢在不同的流速下采取的暴发-滑行行为策略不同。  相似文献   

11.
The hemostatic activity of blood shows a circadian variation with a higher frequency of acute coronary events in the morning. The thrombotic tendency of blood is influenced by many factors, including platelets. Diurnal changes of in vivo platelet activation were investigated by whole blood flow cytometry in 10 young healthy male volunteers using anti-GMP-140 (anti-α-granule membrane protein 140 kD) monoclonal antibody at 3h intervals from 06:00 to 24:00. We also studied circulating platelet aggregates to investigate whether there exists a similarity between the results of these methods. Results of flow cytometric analysis indicate that there is an increase in platelet activation during the period from 06:00 to 09:00. Platelet activation then decreases gradually during the period from noon to midnight. These changes are accompanied by a similar trend in circulating platelet aggregates. This suggests that GMP-140 expression on platelets is synchronized with or followed by platelet aggregate formation in vivo, and increased platelet activation may predispose individuals to thrombosis at this time.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), were exposed to constant light with increasing intensities (20, 60, 350 lux), and wheel running activity was recorded. With increasing light intensity the percentage of hamsters showing a split in their daily activity pattern increased and the free running period was lengthened for both the unsplit and the split state. The fact that the free running period of both states depended on the light intensity together with the observation that the highest incidence of acircadian activity occurred under 350 lux, provoked the idea that the emergence of splitting or acircadian rhythmicity is a direct consequence of the light induced lengthening of the free running period. However, analysis of the data failed to support the idea that emergence of a split or acircadian activity is a threshold phenomenon with respect to the free running period.Due to differences in circadian function some Djungarian hamsters do not exhibit photoinduction following short day exposure. In these individuals splitting also occurred but required exposure to a higher light intensity than in photo-responsive hamsters. This observation is in accordance with the idea that the two phenotypes differ in the interaction of the two component oscillators underlying circadian rhythmicity.Abbreviations LD long day photoperiod - LL constant light - SD short day photoperiod - free running period  相似文献   

13.
清河水库鲢、鳙鱼种群动态研究Ⅰ.生产量的估计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文根据Robson-Chapman公式估算了清河水库鲢、鳙可捕群体的残存率,计算了非捕捞群体的残存率和种群生产量。清河水库非捕捞群体平均年残存率约为0.25,可捕群体的平均年残存率鲢为0.32、鳙为0.38。鲢、鳙鱼种群生产量分别为141和110kg/ha,种群年P/B系数分别为1.15和1.09。鲢、鳙鱼获量仅为其生产量的33%和34%,库存生物量的36%。  相似文献   

14.
青草鲢鳙四种鱼同工酶的比较研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
姜建国  熊全Wei 《遗传》1998,20(2):19-22
采用聚丙烯酰氨垂直板状连续电泳方法,对青草鲢鳙6种组织、10种同工酶和蛋白质进行了电泳研究,并结合作者以前做的工作,对所研究的共21种同工酶和蛋白质在4种鱼中的组织分布,位点表达及活性作了分析和总结。结果表明:4种鱼同工酶的种内组织分布差异大于种间差异;ADH、AMY、CAT、EST、ME、POX、SDH存在不同程度的种间差异,可作为种类的遗传标记;4种鱼MDH、GOT、ALP、AO、SOD同工酶谱非常相似,只在活性上略有差异;LDH、G6PDH和COX的酶谱特征可作为青草和鲢鳙两个亚科的鉴别标记。  相似文献   

15.
鳙的线粒体基因组核苷酸全序列分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对采集自我国长江的鳙的线粒体DNA全序列进行了测定.结果表明,鳙的线粒体DNA全长为166221 bp,其碱基因组成为A=31.6%;C=27.1%;G=16.0%;T=25.3%,A+T含量为56.9%.鳙线粒体基因组的排列、结构和组成与其它鲤科鱼类相似,包括37个基因,即13个蛋白质编码基因,2个rRNA基因,22个tRNA基因和一个非编码控制区(D-loop).在13个蛋白编码基因中,除ND6由轻链编码外,其余12个基因均由重链编码.COI基因的起始密码子为GTG,而其它12个蛋白编码基因的起始密码子均为ATG.  相似文献   

16.
    
Effects of aging on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in males of Drosophila nasuta were investigated. The adult life of males was divided in 1-3 stages according to spontaneous changes in free-running period x in constant darkness (DD): stage 1, days 1-19; stage 2, days 20-36; stage 3, days 37-43. Stage 1 was characterized by a bimodal activity pattern with a short light-induced morning peak and a prolonged evening peak when the flies were entrained to light-dark cycles of 12 hours of light, 12 hours of darkness (LD 12:12). The morning peak had a phase angle difference Ψm (Ψ, the time from lights on in LD 12:12 cycles to the onset of morning peak) of about 0.1h, while Ψe (Ψ of evening peak) was about 9h at stage 1. The transient morning peak was curtailed at the end of stage 1. At stage 2, the Ψe was about 10h, and the activity end was delayed by an addition of about 3h of activity in the scotophase. The changes in W during DD free runs were determined in two groups of flies: flies reared in LD 12:12 and flies reared in DD. In both groups, W increased from about 23h at stage 1 to about 25h at stage 2. Stage 3 was characterized by arrhythmicity associated with highest mean activity level (total number of passes/fly/day) in the entrained and both free-running groups. The mean activity level increased significantly from stage 1 to stage 3 in all three groups of flies.  相似文献   

17.
鳙人工单倍体育种研究初报   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
应用生物技术方法能大大缩短鱼类育种期限,降低生产成本,快速培育纯系或近交系,进而选育出遗传性状优良的品系。  相似文献   

18.
鲢,鳙滤食器官结构与功能的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
用扫描电镜和组织学等方法研究链,鳙滤食器官的结构,并观察,分析了滤食器官各部分的功能,结果表明,它们的鳃耙,腭褶和鳃耙管上皮部分布有味蕾和丰富的粘液细胞,鳙腭褶和鳃耙管上皮中味着细胞数量明显一多于鲢的,腭褶表皮上分布着排列有序的枕状突起,鲢可通过沉食途径和阻塞效应有效地摄食直径为3.2μm的小球藻,本文还通过对腭褶,鳃耙管及鳃耙在摄食活动中的运动方式的直接观察,分析了它们各自的主要功能。  相似文献   

19.
The fact that the full extent of the function of the pineal gland has not yet been elucidated, has stimulated melatonin research worldwide. This review introduces melatonin’s mechanism of action, direct and indirect antioxidant actions as well as the antioxidant properties of its metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM) and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK). At present the mechanism of action is proposed to be receptor-, protein- and nonprotein-mediated. From its popular role in the treatment of jetlag, melatonin is now implicated in the reduction of oxidative stess, both as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. Melatonin’s direct scavenging action in respect of the following will be discussed: superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, peroxy radicals and nitric oxide/peroxy nitrite anions. In addition melatonin also possesses indirect antioxidant activity and the role of its metabolites, AFMK and 6-OHM will be presented. It is these free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of melatonin that has shifted the focus from that of merely strengthening circadian rhythms to that of neuroprotectant: a new place in therapy.  相似文献   

20.
Some Perturbations That Disturb the Circadian Melatonin Rhythm   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The circadian melatonin rhythm is highly reproducible and generally not easily altered. The few perturbations that are capable of significantly changing either the amplitude or the pattern of the 24-h melatonin rhythm are summarized herein. Aging alters cyclic melatonin production by decreasing the amplitude of the nocturnal melatonin peak in all species in which it has been studied. The best known acute suppressor of nocturnal melatonin is light exposure. The brightness of light required to acutely depress pineal melatonin production is species dependent; of the visible wavelengths, those in the blue range (∼500-520 nm) seem most effective in suppressing melatonin production. Nonvisible, nonionizing radiation in the extremely low frequency range (e.g., 60 Hz) seems also capable of altering pineal melatonin synthesis. Hormones have relatively little influence on the circadian production of melatonin, although either adrenalectomy or hypo-physectomy does attenuate the amplitude of the melatonin cycle. Exercise at the time of high melatonin production rapidly depresses pineal concentrations of the indole without influencing its synthesis; the mechanism of this suppression remains unknown.  相似文献   

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