乌鳢源杀鱼爱德华菌的分离鉴定及药敏特性研究

【背景】江苏省扬州市某乌鳢养殖场发生疾病,给养殖户造成了严重的经济损失。【目的】确定病因并筛选出敏感药物,为乌鳢相关疾病的防治提供参考。【方法】从患病乌鳢体内分离致病菌,并从形态、生理生化特征、16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列及特异性PCR检测等方面对分离菌株进行鉴定,同时开展人工感染试验分析其致病性,通过纸片扩散法进行药敏特性分析。【结果】从患病乌鳢体内分离获得优势菌株SHL,经形态特征、理化特性、16SrRNA和gyrB基因序列及特异性PCR检测鉴定为杀鱼爱德华菌。进一步人工感染试验证实其对乌鳢有较强的致病性,LD50为1.6×105 CFU/g,发病症状与自然发病症状相似。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对青霉素、氯霉素、四环素等28种抗菌药物高度敏感,对红霉素中度敏感,对苯唑西啉、克拉霉素、万古霉素等6种药物耐药。【结论】引起江苏省扬州市某养殖场的乌鳢体表溃烂及死亡的病原菌为杀鱼爱德华菌,这是我国首次从淡水鱼类中检出致病性杀鱼爱德华菌,表明该菌的感染谱在扩大,需引起水产养殖领域的重视,在养殖过程中可根据药敏实验结果选用合适的国标渔药进行防治。     

养殖大菱鲆溃疡症病原菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

2004年夏季山东海阳一带养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximusL.)暴发溃疡病。症状主要表现为体表病灶部位出血、肌肉溃烂、眼球凸出等,解剖可见鳃丝贫血,肝脏充血,肾脏和胆囊肿大,肠壁充血并呈透明状,从出现发病症状起,大约一周后开始出现死亡。从病鱼体表溃疡部位及内脏分离出优势菌并命名为H1,经人工感染证实H1即为引起本次养殖大菱鲆体表溃疡症的病原菌。对病原菌进行鉴定揭示该菌革兰氏染色阴性,菌体呈短杆状,极生单鞭毛。综合该菌在形态、生理生化、API20NE与API20E自动鉴定结果、16S rDNA同源性等方面的特性,确认H1为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi),该菌对呋喃妥因、菌必治等多种抗生素敏感。哈维氏弧菌是海水养殖鱼类的常见致病菌,但作为养殖大菱鲆的病原菌属首次报道。     

乌鳢的生殖习性

乌鳢(Ophiocepnaius argus)地方俗名为“乌鱼”、“黑鱼”,属鱼纲、鳢形目、鳢科。分布于我国及朝鲜、苏联,1923年后引种移入日本等地。我国主要分布在华东、华南及西南等地区。乌鳢是一种经济鱼类,在日本早已把它作为养殖对象,而我国在人工养殖乌鳢方面还不很普遍。乌鳢肉味细嫩鲜美,可供食用,也可作药用。它生长迅速,繁殖率高,对环境的适应性也较强,因此乌鳢的人工养殖已越来越受到重视。 我对乌鳢生殖习性的观察分三个阶段:第一阶段是在江苏武进县夏溪镇附近农村进行的。观察到的产卵场,塘深约1米左右,水面宽     

斑鳢、乌鳢及其杂交种遗传差异的AFLP分析

本文采用AFLP分子标记技术对斑鳢、乌鳢和杂交鳢(斑鳢(母本)与乌鳢(父本))共85个个体(其中斑鳢、乌鳢各30个,杂交鳢25个)进行了遗传差异分析。结果表明11对引物组合共检出了459个不同的扩增片段,扩增出的多态谱带数350条,多态性比例为76.25%,平均每对引物组合扩增出31.8条多态条带。乌鳢与斑鳢种群间存在稳定的、可以简单地借以进行群体鉴别的标记条带169条,其中父本(乌鳢)特异性条带78条,72条能够稳定地遗传给杂交鳢;母本(斑鳢)特异性条带89条,71条能够稳定地遗传给杂交鳢。杂交鳢另外出现了3条非双亲的条带。遗传差异的分子方差分析结果发现,斑鳢与乌鳢种群间的遗传相似度为0.5161,杂交鳢与斑鳢和乌鳢种群间的遗传相似度相近,分别为0.7189和0.7476,斑鳢与乌鳢之间以及杂交鳢与斑鳢和乌鳢之间的种群间遗传距离分别为0.6615、0.3300和0.2909,即AMOVA分析显示斑鳢、乌鳢和杂交鳢间存在极显著的遗传分化。UPGMA聚类分析显示,在个体间,斑鳢与乌鳢能区分成两大类,杂交鳢则分散于斑鳢和乌鳢种群中;在群体间,杂交鳢首先与乌鳢聚类,然后与斑鳢相聚,表明杂交鳢种群总体上更偏向于父本乌鳢。研究结果表明,杂交鳢与斑鳢和乌鳢发生混杂的可能性很大,应该对杂交鳢进行隔离养殖。本文结果将为斑鳢、乌鳢和杂交鳢的遗传分析提供实验依据,也为其种质的合理利用提供参考。     

乌鳢养殖对浮游动物群落结构的影响

通过对乌鳢(Channa argus)养殖池塘和对照水体即排水区和南阳湖的比较研究,探讨了乌鳢养殖对浮游动物群落结构的影响。研究表明,乌鳢养殖池塘的浮游动物物种数24种,密度1 032 ind/L,均明显低于周边水体(排水区64种,密度1 995 ind/L;近湖区65种,密度2 569 ind/L),而其生物量达4.65 mg/L,高于周边水体(排水区3.10 mg/L,近湖区2.85 mg/L),这主要是由于养殖池塘浮游动物生物量以枝角类、桡足类和无节幼体等大型浮游动物(95.70%)为主体,原生动物和轮虫所占比例(4.30%)相对较小,而周边水体则以原生动物和轮虫为主体;养殖池塘优势种为大型溞(Daphnia magna)和萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus),亦不同于周边水体的优势种;综合分析浮游动物优势种和多样性指数的评价结果,池塘水体呈中度污染,排水区水体呈轻度-中度污染,近南阳湖水域达到了轻度污染水平,这表明乌鳢养殖对周边水体造成了一定程度污染。     

Pseudomonas sp.引起欧洲鳗Li烂鳃病的初步研究

欧洲鳗鲡［Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌａ 　ａｎｇｕｉｌｌａ（Ｌ．）］养殖过程中,细菌性疾病危害严重,其中烂鳃病周年发生且发病率高。欧洲鳗烂鳃病常与寄生虫病、真菌病并发,因而给治疗带来了困难。鳗鲡烂鳃病病原主要有柱状屈桡杆菌、噬纤维菌等［１－３］。本文报告由 Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ　ｓｐ．引起的欧洲鳗鲡烂鳃病。１材料与方法１．１病原菌分离取无寄生虫与真菌感染,鳃丝溃烂的濒死病鳗,用无菌生理盐水冲洗体表三遍,解剖取出鳃,经无菌生理盐水充分冲洗后,捣烂鳃丝,接种环取样于普通平板培养基划线,３０℃培养２４ｈ后,挑取形…     

盐度对高体革鯻生长和肉质的影响

盐度是水产养殖环境的重要理化因子,与养殖动物的渗透压、生长、发育关系密切,探索盐度对水产动物生长发育的影响,可为充分利用内陆盐水水域发展养殖提供可靠的理论依据。国内外有关盐度对鱼类生长、发育、代谢的研究早有报道,但关于盐度改善淡水鱼类肉质的研究较少,仅见李小勤、刘贤敏等学者研究盐度对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus × O. aureus)、长江口纹缟虾虎鱼(Tridentigertrigonocephalus) 乌鳢(Channa argus)、斑点叉尾(Ietalurus punetaus)生长和肉质影响报道。高体革(Scortum barcoo)隶属鲈形目、科、革属, 是近几年我国从澳大利亚引进的淡水养殖新品种。       

养殖乌鳢类立克次体分离纯化的初步研究

1989年,Fryer等从导致智利海水养殖Coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)90%死亡率的病鲑组织感染的鲑细胞系中首次分离得到一种类立克次体(Kickettsia like organism,RLO)并命名为Piscirickettsia salmonis gen.nov.,sp.nov.。近十年来,这种被日益重视的、专性细胞内寄生的RLO(细胞内的细菌),已被证实为导致鱼类严重传染性疾病的致病因子.2001-2002年,作者首次发现湖北省某养殖场淡水养殖乌鳢(Op hiocep halus argus C.)突发性大规模发病死亡系RLO感染引起。由于乌鳢细胞系的建立尚在进行之中,因此从病变组织直接进行RLO的分离、纯化对进一步开展病原体分类及快速、准确的诊断技术等分子生物学研究至关重要。       

活性氧在海带抗褐藻酸降解菌感染中的作用

海带是我国大型经济海藻养殖的主要对象 ,养殖历史长 ,用途广泛。海带人工育苗是发展我国海带养殖事业的一个重要环节。海带病烂 (烂柄病 ) ,尤其在育苗期 ,将造成很大的经济损失。研究指出 ,海带的病烂与褐藻酸降解菌的大量繁殖有关[1- 3 ] 。褐藻酸降解菌是海带藻体上主要附生细菌 ,正常情况下并不引起病烂 ,但若养殖环境恶化 ,如过于密植、损伤、温度过高等 ,使海带的抵抗力下降 ,细菌易于侵入并大量繁殖而导致病害。本文以褐藻酸降解菌为病原细菌 ,研究海带活性氧的产生及其在抵抗褐藻酸降解菌感染过程中所起的作用 ,以期为揭示海带活性…     

网箱暂养石斑鱼体表微生物的研究

石斑鱼(Epinephelus)是福建沿海地区重要的经济鱼类之一,主要用于出口。出口之前需在网箱中暂养一段时间。在网箱暂养阶段,石斑鱼易患烂皮病,尤其是在4～6月份。病鱼的主要病症为烂鳍、脱鳞、皮肤红肿、溃烂直至死亡。迄今尚未看到有关石斑鱼体表正常菌群及烂皮病防治的研究报道。因此,在石斑鱼发病季节,我们进行了网箱暂     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.