表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯抑制脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞促炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β基因表达

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等多种生物学特性,但对巨噬细胞中表达TNF-α及IL-1β的报告尚存在争议.本文旨在探索EGCG对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和RAW264.7细胞促炎细胞因子Tnf-α和Il-1β基因表达的影响.MTT结果显示,0~100μmol/L EGCG对RAW264.7细胞活力没有影响;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和ELISA分析显示,1 mg/L LPS可显著升高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和RAW264.7细胞Tnf-α和Il-1βmRNA和蛋白水平,EGCG单独处理对巨噬细胞Tnf-α和Il-1β的基因表达与蛋白生成没有影响,但可以抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞Tnf-α和Il-1β的基因表达与蛋白生成,并存在剂量依赖效应.上述结果提示,EGCG可以剂量依赖方式抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞促炎细胞因子Tnf-α和Il-1β的表达,这可能与EGCG的抗炎效应有关.     

Lipopolysaccharide Decreases Single Immunoglobulin Interleukin-1 Receptor-related Molecule (SIGIRR) Expression by Suppressing Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1) via the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-p38 Pathway in Monocytes and Neutrophils

Single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related molecule (SIGIRR) is one of the immunoglobulin-like membrane proteins that is crucial for negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-1 receptor. Despite the importance of understanding its expression and function, knowledge is limited on the regulatory mechanism in the epithelial tissues, such as the liver, lung, and gut, where its predominant expression is originally described. Here, we found expression of SIGIRR in non-epithelial innate immune cells, including primary peripheral blood monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytic RAW264 cells, and neutrophilic-differentiated HL-60 cells. Consistent with previous findings in epithelial tissues, SIGIRR gene and protein expression were also down-regulated by LPS treatment in a time-dependent manner in primary blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. A reduction was also observed in RAW264 and differentiated HL-60 cells. Notably, exogenous introduction of the dominant negative form of TLR4 and siRNA of p38 resulted in inhibition of LPS-induced SIGIRR down-regulation, whereas treatment with p38 activator anisomycin showed a dose-dependent decrease in SIGIRR expression, suggesting TLR4-p38 signal as a critical pathway for LPS-induced SIGIRR down-regulation. Finally, reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Sp1 is a key factor that directly binds to the proximal promoter of SIGIRR gene and consequently regulates basal SIGIRR expression, which is negatively regulated by the LPS-dependent TLR4-p38 pathway. In summary, the data precisely demonstrate how LPS down-regulates SIGIRR expression and provide a role of LPS signal that counteracts Sp1-dependent basal promoter activation of SIGIRR gene via TLR4-p38 pathway in non-epithelial innate immune cells.