RNA干扰与抗病毒感染

RNA干扰(RNAi)是由小干扰RNA(siRNA)引发的生物细胞内同源基因的转录后基因沉默(PTGS)现象,是一种古老的生物抵抗外在感染的防御机制。RNAi因其在维持基因组稳定、调控基因表达和保护基因组免受外源核酸侵入等方面发挥的重要作用,已被广泛用于探索基因功能、基因治疗和新药的研发。外源导入siRNA引发的RNAi可以特异性抑制病毒的复制与感染,为抗病毒感染治疗开辟了一条新的途径。     

RNA干扰研究进展

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是指由双链RNA(double-strandedRNA,dsRNA)启动的序列特异的转录后基因沉默现象,广泛存在于真菌、植物和动物中。它是细胞内由双链RNA诱导降解与其配对的特定mRNA的过程。细胞内双链RNA在酶的作用下,形成20-25碱基大小的小干扰RNA(siRNAs),由siRNAs进一步掺入多组分核酸酶并使其激活,从而精确降解与siRNAs序列相同的mRNA,抑制该基因在细胞内的翻译表达。RNAi技术是近年来迅速发展起来的高效、特异、易操作的基因沉默技术。与反义寡核苷酸等传统方法相比,RNAi技术有着无可比拟的优势。本文就其近年的研究进展作一综述。     

基因枪在RNA干扰中的应用研究进展

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是指双链RNA（double-strand RNA,dsRNA）特异性降解同源mRNA,从而引发基因转录后水平沉默的现象,是一种高效、高特异性抑制基因表达的途径。自1998年Fire等发现RNA干扰现象以来,其特异性降解目的基因的优势吸引了众多研究者的目光。本文在简要综述RNAi技术在基因功能研究、抗病毒治疗,肿瘤基因治疗等领域的应用后,重点归纳了基因枪技术在RNAi研究即siRNA导入细胞中的应用,并简单分析其优势与意义。     

可用于研究RNA干扰的试剂盒简介

RNA干扰 (RNAi)指双链RNA (dsRNA)通过刺激目标RNA降解而特异性抑制目标蛋白质合成的现象 ,这些目标RNA具有与双链RNA相同的序列。人们假设RNA干扰的机理为两步反应 :起始阶段和效应器阶段。在起始阶段 ,被导入非哺乳动物细胞系统 ,例如果蝇的长双链RNA(2 0 0～ 10 0 0bp) ,被RNaseⅢ家族的一个成员 (例如果蝇中的Dicer酶 )处理成 2 1～ 2 3nt的双链RNA (短干扰RNA ,siRNA)。再进一步切割生成 3′端有两个核苷酸突出的许多双链RNA。在效应器阶段 ,双链siRNA诱发RNA诱导的沉默复合体 (RISC)的形成 ,这是一个由若干蛋白…     

质粒介导的核衣壳蛋白siRNA干扰A型流感病毒复制的研究

A型流感病毒(Influenzavirus)属于正粘病毒科流感病毒属,可引起鸟类、多种禽类、人类和低等哺乳动物的严重疾病[1],该病毒基因组为负链单股RNA病毒,分8个节段,容易引起抗原漂移和抗原变异,现有的疫苗和药物不能有效的控制该病毒感染。RNA干扰是由双链RNA(dsRNA)引发的信使RNA(mRNA)序列特异性消减现象,是一种保守的抗病毒机制,已发现于线虫、植物和哺乳动物中[2]。自然发生的RNAi是由一种dsRNA特异的的核酸内切酶Dicer RDE1引发的,它将dsRNA切割成21～23nt的小分子干扰RNA片断(small interferenceRNA,siRNA),siRNA再与某…     

番茄丛矮病毒p19蛋白抑制转录后基因沉默作用机制

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是真核生物体内由双链RNA（double—stranded RNA）介导的同源RNA降解现象。在细胞内,长的dsRNA被Dicer酶切割成21～26核苷酸（nucleotide,nt）的小干扰RNA（small interfering RNA或short interfering RNA,siRNA）;siRNA与多种蛋白结合后形成RNA诱导沉默复合物（RNA—induced silencing complex,RISC）,同时解链;有活性的RISC可在siRNA的指引下与互补的转录物结合,并导致RNA的降解,     

RNA干扰技术在哺乳动物中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是生物界普遍存在的一种抵御外来基因和病毒感染的进化保守机制.RNAi是由双链RNA触发的转录后基因沉默机制,具有序列特异性,在哺乳动物细胞中,RNAi由21～23个核苷酸组成的双链RNA引发.小干扰RNA(siRNA)可以在体外合成或通过表达载体在哺乳动物细胞内合成.由于RNAi技术具有快速、简单和特异性强等特点,在基因功能研究、抗病毒治疗和抗肿瘤治疗等方面有广泛的应用前景.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.