共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Buning TC 《Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS》1998,1(3):275-281
The discussion about the ethics of xenotransplantation seems to focus upon the benefits for individual patients and the potential risks for human society, in general, to contract a newly emerging retrovirus. In these risk-benefit considerations, the moral concern for the research animals involved appears to be absent. This is remarkable, because the presumed successful xenograft is not expected very soon. A lot of basic problems in pig and primate xenotransplantations still need solving. These new experiments in our own biomedical laboratories raise questions regarding animal welfare and ethical justification in the light of possible alternative strategies. In this article, I discuss some of the moral issues related to preclinical, fundamental xenotransplantation research. 相似文献
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Bloom ET 《Current opinion in biotechnology》2001,12(3):312-316
During 1999-2000, the US government published three xenotransplantation policy/guidance documents, one by the Public Health Service and two by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA also held two public meetings of the xenotransplantation subcommittee of the Biological Response Modifiers Advisory Committee to discuss particular issues in xenotransplantation. 相似文献
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Vanderpool HY 《The Western journal of medicine》1999,171(5-6):333-335
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Xenotransplantation using pigs as the transplant source has the potential to resolve the severe shortage of human organ donors. Although the development of relatively non-toxic immunosuppressive or tolerance-inducing regimens will be required to justify clinical trials using pig organs, recent advances in our understanding of the biology of xenograft rejection and zoonotic infections, and the generation of alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs have moved this approach closer to clinical application. This Review highlights the major obstacles impeding the translation of xenotransplantation into clinical therapies and the potential solutions, providing a perspective on the future of clinical xenotransplantation. 相似文献
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ELIAS ABOUJAOUDE 《World psychiatry》2010,9(2):85-90
There is wide agreement that the Internet can serve as a tool that enhances
well-being. It is more difficult, however, to find consensus around the issue
of problematic Internet use. That may be in part because scientific investigation
has lagged far behind technological advances and media attention. The diagnostic
schemas that have been proposed since 1996, and the screening tools that have
been developed, stress similarities with substance use, impulse control disorders,
and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prevalence figures vary as a function of
the diagnostic definition used, the age group studied, and whether the surveys
were conducted online. Studies suggest high comorbidity rates with mood disorders
and, among younger individuals, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Treatment should address any comorbid conditions present, as those may be
causing, or exacerbating, problematic Internet use. Interventions that may
specifically target problematic Internet use include cognitive behavioral
therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but detailed guidelines
must await further studies. For a medium that has so radically changed how
we conduct our lives, the Internet’s effects on our psychology remain
understudied. More research is needed into the pathophysiology, epidemiology,
natural course, and treatment of problematic Internet use. In addition, the
more subtle psychological changes, such as disinhibition, that seem to characterize
people’s online behavior also deserve attention, even if they cannot
be seen as necessarily pathological. 相似文献
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Torben Greve 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2004,45(Z1):S13
Xenotransplantation of organs from the large domestic species will only be successful if the donor animals have been genetically modified, in particular regarding the α-Gal epitope, certain human complements (CD55 and CD59) and/or H-transferase. This requires, among other things, major embryo-technological efforts, and the rate of success is still far from an acceptable level in the domestic species. It is currently poor, but the progress is very good. In this brief review certain embryo-technological problems will be addressed with the focus on the pig as potential organ donor. In addition, certain views of the Danish ad hoc Committee on Gene Technology on xenotransplantation will be presented in this context as they are supposed to mirror the concern and the views of the issues important for the public and each individual. 相似文献
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Paolo Cherubini Turi Humbel Hans Beeckman Holger G?rtner David Mannes Charlotte Pearson Werner Schoch Roberto Tognetti Simcha Lev-Yadun 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Olive trees are a classic component of Mediterranean environments and some of them are known historically to be very old. In order to evaluate the possibility to use olive tree-rings for dendrochronology, we examined by various methods the reliability of olive tree-rings identification. Dendrochronological analyses of olive trees growing on the Aegean island Santorini (Greece) show that the determination of the number of tree-rings is impossible because of intra-annual wood density fluctuations, variability in tree-ring boundary structure, and restriction of its cambial activity to shifting sectors of the circumference, causing the tree-ring sequences along radii of the same cross section to differ. 相似文献
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Maarten P. M. Vanhove Bart Tessens Charlotte Schoelinck Ulf Jondelius D. Tim?J. Littlewood Tom Artois Tine Huyse 《ZooKeys》2013,(365):355-379
Some taxonomic groups are less amenable to mitochondrial DNA barcoding than others. Due to the paucity of molecular information of understudied groups and the huge molecular diversity within flatworms, primer design has been hampered. Indeed, all attempts to develop universal flatworm-specific COI markers have failed so far. We demonstrate how high molecular variability and contamination problems limit the possibilities for barcoding using standard COI-based protocols in flatworms. As a consequence, molecular identification methods often rely on other widely applicable markers. In the case of Monogenea, a very diverse group of platyhelminth parasites, and Rhabdocoela, representing one-fourth of all free-living flatworm taxa, this has led to a relatively high availability of nuclear ITS and 18S/28S rDNA sequences on GenBank. In a comparison of the effectiveness in species assignment we conclude that mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers perform equally well. In case intraspecific information is needed, rDNA sequences can guide the selection of the appropriate (i.e. taxon-specific) COI primers if available. 相似文献
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Laura A. Reese Mark Skidmore William Dyar Erika Rosebrook 《Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS》2017,20(1):52-64
Companion animal overpopulation is a growing problem in the United States. In addition to strays, an average of 324,500 nonhuman animals are relinquished to shelters yearly by their caregivers due to family disruption (divorce, death), foreclosure, economic problems, or minor behavioral issues. As a result, estimates of animals in shelters range from 3 million to 8 million, and due to overcrowding, euthanasia is common. This analysis seeks to determine the appropriate pricing mechanisms to clear animal shelters of dogs in the manner most desirable—that is, through adoption. Based on a survey of Michigan residents, it is clear there are a number of correlations between the traits of dogs and the individuals who care for them. Hedonic pricing models indicate that animal shelters need to proactively vary their pricing systems to discount particular traits, specifically for mixed-breed, older, and black dogs. Premiums can be charged for puppies, purebred dogs, and those who have received specific services such as microchipping. 相似文献