直立百部的一个新异名

根据对直立百部Stemona sessilifolia（Miq．）Miq．大量标本的研究和野外调查及引种栽培观察,结合对山东百部Stemona shandongensis D．K．Zang模式标本产地的调查,发现直立百部的形态性状是多变的。研究表明它的习性受生境影响而多变,从直立半灌木到蔓生都有;叶型多变;花通常出自叶腋,而花梗有时与叶柄,甚至主脉合生;内轮花被片大多明显大于外轮。山东百部的形态性状处于直立百部的变异范围内,因此作为独立的种是难以成立的,应处理为直立百部的新异名。     

金沙江河谷特有药用植物——云南百部的分类学处理

通过对云南百部（Stemona mairei（H.Lév.）K.Krause）及其形态相似种金沙江百部（S.jinshajiangensis X. D. Cong et G. J. Xu）和变种滇北百部（S.jinshajiangensis var.dianbeiensis X. D. Cong et G. J. Xu）模式标本采集地野外居群植株的实地调查和研究,发现金沙江百部及其变种滇北百部的形态特征变异式样均在云南百部形态特征的正常变异范围内,因此将金沙江百部及其变种处理为云南百部的异名,同时对云南百部的形态特征进行了补充描述。结合对云南百部6个野生居群成熟植株的开花结实特征、种子传播策略分析,对云南百部受威胁状况进行了评估。     

山东百部种群的空间分布格局

采用扩散系数的t检验、Poisson分布的x^2拟合检验及Morisita指数的F检验研究了山东百部（Stemona shandongensis）种群的空间分布类型;用负二项参数（K）、Cassie指标（1／K）、Green指数（GI）和Lloyd的平均拥挤度（m^＊）与聚块性指标（PAI）研究其聚集强度。同时利用上述指数研究了取样面积、苗龄对山东百部种群分布格局和聚集强度的影响,分析了分布格局形成的原因。结果表明,总体上山东百部种群的分布格局类型为集群分布,种群聚集尺度多为8m^2;当年生植株种群聚集强度高于多年生种群;整个种群分布格局的演化趋向于高聚集强度的集群分布。     

直立百部遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记,对直立百部4个居群的84个样本进行遗传多样性研究,探讨山东百部种的地位。结果表明:(1)15个引物共检测到184条清晰的谱带,其中多样性条带153条;直立百部的遗传多样性水平较高,其物种水平多样性条带百分率(PPF)为83.15%,有效等位基因数(Ae)为1.425,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.388,Nei’s多样性指数(Hpop)为0.254。(2)居群平均水平上多样性条带百分率为63.04%,有效等位基因数为1.351,Shannon多样性指数为0.310,Nei’s多样性指数为0.206。(3)AMOVA分析显示直立百部居群间遗传分化水平(ΦST)为0.126 3,POPGENE分析显示居群间的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.191 1,二者均表明居群内变异大于居群间变异;直立百部居群间的基因流(Nm)为2.116 6,说明居群间的基因交流较频繁。(4)聚类及主成分分析显示,直立百部4个居群聚为两支,其中泰山居群与其他居群关系较远,以蔓生百部和大百部为外类群分析的结果支持将山东百部作为直立百部的异名,Mental检测显示居群间遗传距离与地理距离间没有显著相关性。     

中国植物区系新资料

该文报道了发现于云南盈江的2个中国植物新分布属——木瓜桐属（Siphonodon Griff.）和羽脉百部属（Stichoneuron Hook. f.）,以及对应的2个新记录种木瓜桐（Siphonodon celastrineus Griff.）和羽脉百部（Stichoneuron membranaceum Hook.f.）,并结合原始文献及野外调查对其形态特征进行了详细描述。凭证标本存放于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆（HITBC）。     

百部科植物叶表皮特征及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对百部科4属30种植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察研究。结果显示,叶表皮细胞形状仅有无规则形和多边形2种,垂周壁式样有深波状、浅波状和平直-弓形3种;表皮角质层纹饰微形态多样化,绝大多数物种的叶片表面不具有毛被,仅少数植物叶片表面具单细胞毛;气孔器主要分布在下表皮,仅Stemona prostrata I.R.H.Telford、S.cochinchinensis Gagnep、S.rupestris Inthachub、S.pierrei Gagnep和S.involuta Inthachub 5个种上下表皮均有气孔器;气孔形状均为椭圆形,而气孔器类型均为无规则型。百部科叶表皮微形态特征在属间有一定差异,但在属内各种间没有明确规律,表明该类群应该是一个自然的单系类群。由于百部科植物采样困难,在缺乏系统进化树数据的情况下,这些微形态特征可为探讨百部科不同种类的分类学、生物地理及其生态适应性提供部分新证据。     

百部总生物碱含量测定方法的研究

分别运用酸碱滴定法和雷氏盐吸收系数法对百部中总生物碱的含量进行了测定,并加以比较。结果表明：雷氏盐吸收系数法的测定结果比酸碱滴定法的测定结果稍高,提取步骤少,操作简单,更能最大限度的减少干扰因素的影响,方法学考察均符合规定,可以用来测定百部总碱的含量．     

丛枝菌根真菌对百喜草的生理特性的影响

采用盆栽法研究了丛枝菌根（AM）真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）对水分胁迫条件下百喜草（Paspalum notatum）生长、渗透调节及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明：接种AM真菌显著提高了百喜草的株高、地上部与根部鲜重、地上部P、K、Mn及根部P、Ca、Mn含量,明显降低了地上部Zn及根部Fe、B、Cu水平;随着干旱程度的加深,接种株的地上部相对含水量及叶绿素含量相对稳定且均显著高于未接种株,接种株地上部相对电导率、MDA含量均显著低于未接种株,接种株的地上部POD活性与脯氨酸含量均显著增加且均显著高于未接种株,AM侵染对SOD活性的影响较小。可见,接种AM真菌Glomus mosseae提高了植株体内保护酶活性（如POD）及渗透调节能力（如脯氨酸、P、K、Ca等渗透调节物含量的增加）,从而显著增强了百喜草的抗旱性。     

丛枝菌根真菌对百喜草的生理特性的影响

采用盆栽法研究了丛枝菌根（AM）真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）对水分胁迫条件下百喜草（Paspalum notatum）生长、渗透调节及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明：接种AM真菌显著提高了百喜草的株高、地上部与根部鲜重、地上部P、K、Mn及根部P、Ca、Mn含量,明显降低了地上部Zn及根部Fe、B、Cu水平;随着干旱程度的加深,接种株的地上部相对含水量及叶绿素含量相对稳定且均显著高于未接种株,接种株地上部相对电导率、MDA含量均显著低于未接种株,接种株的地上部POD活性与脯氨酸含量均显著增加且均显著高于未接种株,AM侵染对SOD活性的影响较小。可见,接种AM真菌Glomusmossecte提高了植株体内保护酶活性（如POD）及渗透调节能力（如脯氨酸、P、K、Ca等渗透调节物含量的增加）,从而显著增强了百喜草的抗旱性。     

百喜草及其在南方果园生草栽培和草被体系中的应用

果园立地条件差、土壤肥力不足是影响我国果树产量和果实品质的重要因素。百喜草是优良的果园生草栽培和草被体系草种。在我国南方果产区推广应用百喜草,对于防止水土流失、改善果园生态环境、培肥果园土壤、提高果实产量和品质具有重要意义。     

滇产对叶百部中一个新的百部生物碱

从对叶百部（Stemona tuberosa）根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定1个新的百部生物碱,命名为去氢异滇百部碱（1）,以及1个已知化合物：异滇百部碱（2）。它们的化学结构通过现代波谱解析得以鉴定。     

直立百部的非生物碱化学成分研究(英文)

从直立百部(Stemona sessilifolia)根中首次分离到十四个非生物碱成分.依据波谱数据,它们鉴定为豆甾醇(1)、4-甲氧基苯甲酸(2)、苯甲酸(3)、3,4-二甲氧基苯酚 (4)、4-甲氧基苯甲酸(5)、4-羟基苯甲酸(6)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(7)、4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸(8)、3,3′-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy)-2H-1-benzopyran(9)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(10)、羽扇豆烷-3-酮 (11)、绿原酸(12)、胡萝卜苷(13),3-feruoyl-chinasueure (14).化合物5～14为首次从百部属植物中分离得到.     

Morphological and chemical variation of Stemona tuberosa from southern China – Evidence for heterogeneity of this medicinal plant species

• The occurrence of bioactive alkaloids and tocopherols was studied in 15 different provenances of Stemona tuberosa Lour. collected in southern China, to examine chemical variation of individuals that show notable differences in flower characteristics. Morphological variations stimulated examination of chemical characteristics of these individuals.
• Methanolic root extracts of 15 individuals of S. tuberosa were comparatively assessed with HPLC‐UV‐DAD/ELSD. Five of seven compounds were co‐chromatographically identified. Two compounds were isolated and their structure elucidated using NMR and MS. Amounts of alkaloids and tocopherols were determined using HPLC‐UV‐DAD/ELSD with the external standard method.
• Five alkaloids, tuberostemonine ( 1 ), tuberostemonine A ( 2 ), neotuberostemonine ( 3 ), tuberostemonine N ( 4 ), stemoninine ( 5 ) and two 3,4‐dehydrotocopherol derivatives were identified. Within S. tuberosa alkaloid accumulation tends either towards tuberostemonine ( 1 ) or stemoninine ( 5 ). All individuals show a notable co‐occurrence of compounds 1 or 5 and 3,4‐dehydro‐δ‐tocopherol ( 6 ). These results coincide with differences in flower morphology of S. tuberosa.
• Stemona tuberosa, as defined in the Flora of China, shows a remarkable variation in flower morphology and additionally in the accumulation of alkaloids. The obtained data show the need for future species delimitation to either species or subspecies level.

     

Antioxidant dehydrotocopherols as a new chemical character of Stemona species

From the roots of various Stemona species four new dehydrotocopherols (chromenols) were isolated and their structures and stereochemistry elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The double bond between C-3 and C-4 proved to be a typical chemical character of the genus found in most of the species. Various C-methylations of the aromatic ring reflect differences in methyltransferase activities and agreed with the current species delimitations showing an exclusive accumulation of dehydro-delta-tocopherol for the Stemona tuberosa group, whereas different provenances of Stemona curtisii were characterized by dehydro-gamma-tocopherol accompanied by small amounts of dehydro-alpha-tocopherol. From Stemona collinsae all four tocopherols were isolated with a clear preponderance of dehydro-delta-tocopherol accompanied by smaller amounts of the rare dehydro-beta-tocopherol. Stemona burkillii and a group of unidentified species showed a weak accumulation trend towards dehydro-alpha-tocopherol, whereas Stemona cochinchinensis and especially Stemona kerrii clearly differed by a preponderance of chromanol derivatives. In Stemona cf. pierrei no tocopherols could be detected at all. Based on TLC tests and microplate assays with the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) the antioxidant capacities of all chromenol derivatives were comparable with that of alpha-tocopherol showing no significant differences among each other, except for a more rapid kinetic behaviour of the 5,7,8-methylated dehydro-alpha-tocopherol.     

蔓生百部的化学成分研究

从蔓生百部(Stemona japonica)根中分离得到13个化合物,通过波谱数据,它们鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、豆甾醇(2)、5,11-豆甾二烯-3β-醇(3)、苯甲酸(4)、4-甲氧基苯甲酸(5)、1,8-二羟基-3-甲基蒽醌(6)、1,8-二羟基-6-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽醌(7)、氧代狭叶百部碱(8)、百部定碱(9)、异狭叶百部碱(10)、绿原酸(11)、栀子苷(12)和藏红花素A(13).所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

A SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE PURIFIED FROM THE ROOTS FROM Stemona tuberosa

Proteins from the fresh roots of Stemona tuberosa (Stemonaceae) were extracted into 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2/0.1 M NaCl, precipitated with 90% saturation ammonium sulfate, and enriched by diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) cellulose. The protein eluted as a single main peak from the unbound fractions (ST-1), and appeared as a single band with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) resolution and zymogram development. ST-1 was classified as SOD due to its strong inhibition by HCN and H₂O₂. The amino acid sequence of three tryptic peptides of ST-1 matched with the SOD isozymes from Ananas comosus and Solanum lycopersicum. The SOD consisted of at least two heterologous protein subunits with molecular mass of 17.6 and 31.5 kD, respectively, and had an optimal SOD activity at pH 5 and over a temperature range of 0–50°C. MgCl₂, MnCl₂, and HgCl₂ were strongly inhibitory at all concentrations tested. The SOD activity was completely negated in the presence of 0.5 mM SDS or 5 mM HgCl₂. The relationship between riboflavin and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) on SOD activity was linear, giving K _m and V _max values of the purified SOD of 62.414 ± 0.015 M and 101.010 ± 0.022 µmol/min/mg protein for NBT and 27.389 ± 0.032 M and 38.167 ± 0.021 µmol/min/mg protein for riboflavin, respectively.     

New stemona alkaloids from the roots of Stemona sessilifolia

From the roots of Stemona sessilifolia, three new stemona-type alkaloids, namely stemosessifoine (1), isooxymaistemonine (2), and isomaistemonine (3), along with eight known alkaloids (bisdehydrostemoninine, isobisdehydrostemoninine, tuberostemonine, bisdehydrotuberostemonine, bisdehydrostemoninine, isobisdehydrostemoninine, stemoninine, and protostemonine), were isolated. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive 2D-NMR spectroscopic-data analysis and by comparison with reported values in the literature. Compound 1 is a structurally unprecedented alkaloid, and it is depicted to be bioconverted from tuberostemonine as the precursor. Isooxymaistemonine (2) showed a positive effect on the human high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor gene CD36 and LIMP II analogous-1 (CLA-1) at the dosage of 10 microg/ml.