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猕猴属中的基因流研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以我们修改的方法从猕猴肝脏组织中提取mtDNA。用限制性片段长度多态分析为手段研究恒河猴,台湾省的台湾猴,日本猴和食蟹猴的mtDNA多态。根据mtDNA遗传距离计算了4个种间的分歧年代,其范围为1.8-3.2百万年。根据蛋白质多态资料,同样计算了这4个种间的分歧年代,其范围为0.4-1.5百万年。结合化石,行为,动物地理等方面的资料,我们的结果提示:在猕猴属的进化过程中,恒河猴,食蟹猴,日本猴 相似文献
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猕猴属五个种mtDNA多态性研究 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15
本文以10种限制性内切酶研究猕猴属5个种(Macaca mulatta.M.nemestrina.M.assemensis.M.thibetana,M arctoides)线粒体DNA进化。在13个个体中,共检出8种限制性类型。恒河猴种内存在广泛的线粒休DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)。结合日本猴(M.fuscata)的有关资料,构建了猕猴属6个种的分子系统树,并给出各个种的分化时间。结果表明,这6个种可分成4个类群,熊猴和藏酋猴、恒河猴和日本猴之间的遗传距离较近,可分别划为同一类群,红面猴与其他5种猴的遗传距离最远,在系统发生上分离最早。 相似文献
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笔者自1981—1987年间,通过尸体剖检、肉眼查找虫体和镜检虫卵三方法,在本所养猴场对来自云南、四川、湖北等市县产的猕猴、(Macaca mulatta)、熊猴(M.assamensis)、豚尾猴(M.nemestrina)、红面猴(M.arcto-ides)、毛耳猕猴(M.Mulatta lasiota)等五种猕猴属动物体内所获得的肠道寄生虫的资料,简报如下。 根据标本分析的结果,共获得寄生虫13种,多为人畜共患的旧种,其中包括原虫(Protoza)2种,吸虫(Trem-atodes)1种,绦虫(Cestodes)2种,线虫(Nematodes)7种和粉螨(Acarus)1种:分隶于5纲,11科,13属。其分布及感染率见表1。 在整理过程中,发现有些寄生虫在某些非人灵长类动物中未见记载过,现记录于下: 相似文献
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雪雀属鸟类栖息地在中国的分布 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
雪雀属(Montifringilla)属典型的高原鸟类,主要分布于我国青藏高原及其毗邻地区。本文依据现有雪雀属种类的采集记录、文献记载的分布资料,结合野外实地考察,运用GIS(地理信息系统)的叠加和分析功能,综合生境类型资料,建立其野生动物-栖息地关系模型,并预测该属种类栖息地分布。该模型依据适宜于雪雀分布的植被类型和高度叠加后产生雪雀的适宜栖息地,与县界的行政区划图叠加后产生预测有可能分布的县级单元。预测产生的分布图包含高度适宜、适宜和不适宜三种生境类型。本研究预测雪雀属种类的栖息地分布图显示,青藏高原大部分缺乏采集记录的地区具有适宜于雪雀分布的生境类型,具有雪雀分布所必须的潜在条件。而那些有采集记录的县,也仅仅在那些适宜的生境类型中才会有雪雀的分布。 相似文献
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陈伟球 《热带亚热带植物学报》1995,3(2):19-35
番荔枝科的地理分布陈伟球(中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650)关键词番荔枝科;地理分布THEGEOGRAPHICALDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEANNONACEAE¥ChenWeichiu(SouthChinaInstituteofBo... 相似文献
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论世界芨芨草属(禾本科)的地理分布 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文详细讨论了世界芨芨草属的地理分布等问题。1.全世界芨芨草属共有23种1变种,分为5个组。本文对它们进行了系统介绍。2.属的地理分布,最北为北纬62°(羽茅、毛颖芨芨草),最南为北纬26°(林阴芨芨草)。就海拔而论,分布最低的海拔记录为120m(雀麦芨芨草),分布最高的海拔记录为4600m(干生芨芨草和藏芨芨草)。3.本文讨论了芨芨草属5个组(芨芨草组,钝基草组,直芒草组,新芨芨草组,拟芨芨草组)的系统位置,和每个组包括的种类及5个组的分布格局。4.根据塔赫他间世界植物区系区划,统计了每个区的种数,明显看出伊朗—土兰区种类(18/24)是第一位,东亚区(14/24)居第二位。中国有17种,横断山脉地区、华北地区和唐古特地区种数最丰富(10种和9种)。5.研究结果表明:(A)从种的分布格局分析可见,横断山脉地区北部、唐古特地区东部和华北地区西部的交汇地是芨芨草属分布中心。(B)根据芨芨草属形态特征演化趋势分析和地史学资料推测横断山脉地区北部是芨芨草属的起源地。(C)有三条路线向外散布:a)从横断山脉地区向西沿喜马拉雅山脉,经克什米尔地区抵达地中海和中欧;b)从横断山脉向西北经祁连山、天山、塔里木盆地西侧山地,抵吉尔吉斯斯坦伊塞克湖; c)由横断山脉向东北经甘肃、宁夏、陕西、山西、河北和东北,抵达西伯利亚,东达堪察加半岛,西至鄂毕河上游,并经白令海峡陆桥分布到美国内华达山脉和落基山山脉。(D)该属植物集中分布于北半球半湿润、半干旱和干旱地区,以及极端干旱的荒漠区山地。植物的形成、发展和生态适应与气候相联系,并经过长期的适应和进化,塑造了一系列中生、旱中生的形态-生态特征和生活型。 相似文献
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PETER HEYWOOD DAVID WEINMAN MURIEL LEPMAN 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1974,21(2):232-238
The fine structure of the epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cyclops maintained in blood agar medium at 25 C is described. This organism was isolated from the Malaysian primates Macaca nemestrina and Macaca ira. A distinctive feature of T. cyclops is that it is pigmented when grown in the presence of hemoglobin. The pigment bodies apparently lack a substructure and are electron dense even in unstained sections. Most of the pigment is located posterior to the kinetoplast region but some is found adjacent and anterior to the kinetoplast. Cells from control cultures grown in medium lacking hemoglobin did not possess this type of pigment body. Similarly, pigment was not found in cells of an Indonesian trypanosome grown in medium containing hemoglobin. The cytoplasm of T. cyclops is bounded by a unit membrane which is specialized where it makes contact with the flagellum. A cytostome extends from the region of the flagellar pocket. The kinetoplast and nucleus are immediately posterior to the base of the flagellum. Transverse sections in the region of the flagellar pocket and flagellar base often reveal a group of 3 microtubules which are distinct from the pellicular microtubules. 相似文献
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Members of the genus Macaca are the most commonly used animals in biomedical research on primates. Macaca monkeys are used most extensively (from 50% to 73% of the general file) in rapidly developing branches of medical primatology (pharmacology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, stomatology, and central nervous system pathology and physiology), i.e., in those sciences where monkeys are absolutely necessary and where they are used with great efficacy. 相似文献
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灵长类(除猕猴属外)在中国的分布 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从动态动物地理学观点对中国灵长类(不包括猕猴)的分布进行了分析,提出:(1)中国灵长类自更新世时的分布呈现向南退缩的总趋势,并随气候的变迁而波动,晚更新世向南退缩最为明显;(2)根据Jablonski等认为,我国特有种金丝猴的不连续分布,是由于青藏高原抬升的影响。作者总结了迄今所知的金丝猴生态地理分化特点,对此假说未提出异议,(3)由于除猕猴以外的我国灵长类生态上与森林环境有密切联系,而森林被破坏直接对灵长类在我国分布区的缩小与岛状断裂影响最大,近期可能绝灭的地点甚多。 相似文献
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In this paper the worldwide geographical distribution of the genus Achnatherum is discussed in detail.The paper is divided into following five parts:1.Conspectus of taxonomic system:The genus Achnatherum Beauv.comprises 23 species,which can be grouped into 5 sections.The characteristics of each section are described.An infrageneric system including species in each section is presented.2.Geographical distribution of the genus:The northernmost occurrence of the genus is represented by A.sibiricum and A.confusum at latitude 62°N and the southernmost by A.chingii var.laxum at latitude 26°N.As far as vertical distribution is concerned,the lowermost record of latitude in the genus is at 120 m (represented by A.bromoides)and the highest record at 4600 m(by A.jacquemontii and A.duthiei).3.Systematic position and geographical distribution of sections:The systematic position of five sections in the genus,i.e.,Sect.Achnatherum,Sect. Timouria,Sect. Aristella,Sect.Neotrinia and Sect.Achnatheropsis,species in each section,and the distribution pattern of each section are discussed.4.Geographical distribution of species:According to Takhtajan's regionalization of the world flora,the number of species in each region is presented.The Irano—Turanian Region(18/24)comes to the first in number of species,followed by the Eastern Asian Region(14/24).Seventeen species have been found in China, where the Hengduan Mountain Region,Huabei Region and Tangut Region are the richest in species(10 species and 9 species,respectively).5.Discussions and conclusions:(A)The analysis of distribution patterns of species shows that the centre of distribution of Achnatherum.is located in the boundering area of the Hengduan Mountain Region,Tangut Region and the Huabei Region. (B)Based on the analysis of evolutionary trends in morphological characters of Achnatherum and geological evidence, it is presumed that this genus probably originated in north part of the Hengduan Mountain Region. (C) Three migration routes lead to the present distribution pattern:a) From the Hengduan Mountain westward along the Himalayas across Kashmir Region to the Mediterranean and Central Europe. b) From Hengduan Mountain northward across the Qilian Mountain, west of the Huanghe corridor, Tianshan Mountain, mountains west of the Tarim basin to the Issyk lake. c) From Hengduan Mountains northeastwards across Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Hebei, and northeast part of China to Siberia, eastwards to Kamchatka Peninsula, westwards to upper stream of the Ob River, and across the Asia-Bering Land Bridge to Nevada and Rocky Mountains in west United States. (D) The majority of species of Achnatherum are distributed in subhumid, semi-arid and arid areas,and also on mountains of extremely arid desert region in the Northern Hemisphere. A series of morphological- ecological characteristics of mesophytes and moderate xerophytes and life-form resulted from long-term adaptation and evolution.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Periods of artificial light were manipulated to induce synchronous ovulation in a group of pigtailed macaques. Treatments consisted of constant light exposure over diminishing periods of 9,7,5,3 and 3 days. Ovulation was assessed externally and assumed to have occurred on the first day of perineal detumescence. The results demonstrate that manipulation of light exposure affects reproductive cycling. 相似文献