共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
A simple, high-frequency and reproducible protocol for induction of adventitious shoot buds and plant regeneration from leaf-disc
cultures of Jatropha curcas L. has been developed. Adventitious shoot buds were induced from very young leaf explants of in vitro germinated seedlings
as well as mature field-grown plants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (2.27 μM),
6-benzylaminopurine (BA) (2.22 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.49 μM). The presence of TDZ in the induction medium
has greater influence on the induction of adventitious shoot buds, whereas BA in the absence of TDZ promoted callus induction
rather than shoot buds. Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated into shoots following transfer to the MS medium supplemented
with BA (4.44 μM), kinetin (Kn) (2.33 μM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.43 μM), and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.72 μM). Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 μM) after 30 days. Regenerated plants
after 2 months of acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field without visible morphological variation. This
protocol might find use in mass production of true-to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolistic-mediated transformation. 相似文献
2.
Leaf explants of Jatropha curcas cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.90 μM) in combination with indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA; 0.98μM) produced adventitious shoot buds directly on the surface of the explants without formation of intervening
callus while shoot bud formation was accompanied with callus formation on medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP;
13.3 μM) and IBA (2.46 μM). TDZ treatment resulted in more than twice higher rate of shoot bud induction than BAP. Shoot buds
were multiplied and elongated following repeated transfers to medium containing BAP (2.22 μM) and gibberellic acid (GA3; 1.44 μM). The effect of copper sulphate on differentiation of shoot buds from leaf segments was also investigated. Both
shoot induction and multiplication media were supplemented with different levels of CuSO4 (0–5 μM). Significant improvement in shoot bud induction was observed when the concentration of CuSO4 was increased to 10 times the normal MS level. Healthy elongated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented
with IBA (2.46 μM). Rooted plantlets were transferred to field and survived. Histological analysis revealed direct formation
of shoot buds from leaf explants. 相似文献
3.
Summary The Duboisia hybrid (D. leichhardtii x D. myoporoides) was regenerated from callus derived from shoot tips and young seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 54M 1-naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) and 1M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Callus derived from young seeds was superior to shoot tip callus. Buds were induced from callus on MS medium supplemented with 22M BA. The buds formed shoots when transferred to MS medium with 5 M BA and 0.5M NAA. Shoots were induced to form roots when placed on MS medium containing 25 M indolebutyric acid (IBA). Plantlets so formed were transplanted and subsequently planted out in the open. Approximately 6 months were required for the full regenerative process. Trees so formed have been grown for 3 years, reached a height of 3 metres and flowered and fruited normally. 相似文献
4.
Kottackal Poulose Martin A. K. Pradeep Joseph Madassery 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(4):1141-1148
Trichopus zeylanicus subsp. travancoricus (known as Arogyapacha), an endangered ethnomedicinal plant of the Western Ghats of South India, serves as the major source
of the commercial drug Jeevani. The present study established a long-term high frequency in vitro propagation protocol for Arogyapacha. Callus obtained from
the branch–petiole explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid upon subculture
to medium with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) either alone or in combination with an auxin favoured shoot
morphogenesis. Medium with 13.3 μM BA alone facilitated high frequency shoot bud (mean of 93.2) formation. Medium with lower
concentrations of BA (4.4, 6.6 and 8.8 μM) alone or in combination with lower concentration of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) favoured better shoot growth than 13.3 μM BA containing medium, but with reduced number of
shoot buds. Subsequent cultures on medium with lower concentrations of BA and also on MS basal media facilitated shoot formation
as well as growth of shoots. The shoot regeneration potential showed no decline up to 5 years. Culture of the in vitro-derived
whole branch–leaf explants on MS basal medium developed shoots directly from the node. On medium with 19.6 μM IBA, the whole
branch–leaf explants induced nodular callus from the node, which developed shoots later. Subsequent cultures on medium with
BA exhibited high frequency shoot formation. The transfer of shoots after 10–15 days culture on half-strength MS medium containing
2.7 μM NAA to half-strength basal medium induced a mean of 11.3 roots. Field survival of plantlets relied on the soil mix:
a 1:4 ratio of sand and red-soil exhibited the highest plantlets survival (86.6%). RAPD profile of the source plant and plants
regenerated from calli after 4 years showed no polymorphism. The established plantlets with morpho-floral features similar
to that of the source plants flowered normally and set fruits. 相似文献
5.
Wenhao Dai Yuanjie Su Cielo Castillo Olivier Beslot 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(2):257-262
Shoots were regenerated from in vitro leaf tissues of two genotypes of Viburnum dentatum, a popular shrub species for landscape use. Adventitious shoots were induced when leaf tissues were cultured on woody plant
medium (WPM) supplemented with either benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Effects of cytokinin concentration, indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA), and dark treatment on shoot regeneration were investigated. Dark treatment for the first 4 weeks of leaf explants
cultured in the regeneration medium significantly increased the frequency of regeneration. The highest frequency of shoot
regeneration (70%) for ‘Synnesvedt’ was obtained when leaf tissues were cultured in the medium with 40 μM BA or 8 μM TDZ with
4 weeks dark treatment. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (90%) for ‘MN34’ was found in the 4 μM TDZ medium with
4 weeks dark treatment. Addition of IBA significantly enhanced shoot regeneration. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treatment
inhibited callus proliferation, particularly in the early stage of callus recovery; however, no significant difference in
shoot regeneration among different treatments was observed, indicating that the inhibitory effect of EMS was minimal after
calluses re-acquired their capacity to grow and regenerate in the regular medium. Regenerated shoots (>1.5 cm) were rooted
in the half-strength MS medium containing 5-10 μM IBA or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Rooted plants were transferred to
the potting medium and grown in the greenhouse. 相似文献
6.
Micropropagation has been achieved in a promising larvicidal asteraceous taxon Spilanthes acmella L. using seedling leaf explants. The explants were reared on a variety of growth regulators, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid, 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, N6-benzyladenine, and kinetin either alone or in combination on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium. The best green and compact
callus was obtained on 1 μM NAA and 10 μM benzyladenine (BA) in 15 d. The callus on subculture to the same but fresh medium
after every 30 d differentiated an average of 12.90 ± 0.32 shoot buds in 50% cultures. Elongation in shoot buds occurred only
if they were transferred to NAA lacking MS+BA medium. An average number of 4.22 ± 0.83 shoots and 15 ± 0.84 shoot buds per
explant were obtained in 70.3% cultures on MS + 10 μM BA in 30 d. One hundred percent excised shoots rooted in MS(1/2) + 0.1 μM
IBA within 2 wk. The plants were gradually hardened and established in soil where they flowered and set viable seeds. The
regenerated plants were morphologically similar to the field grown plants and showed 100% larvicidal activity against malaria
and filarial vectors. 相似文献
7.
Manickam V.S. Elango Mathavan R. Antonisamy R. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):181-185
The development of stem callus mediated plant regeneration system for Withania somnifera is described. Maximum callus proliferation was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D. Three-week-old,
white, friable callus was used for shoot regeneration. The maximum shoot regeneration (6.2 ± 0.34 shoots/explant) was achieved
in four weeks when callus was cultured on MS medium fortified with 4.44 μM BA and 0.57 μM IAA. Regenerated shoots were excised
and multiplied (8.4 ± 0.43 shoots/explant) on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM of BA. Multiple shoots were divided into
single shoots and were rooted (5.1 ± 0.49 rootlets/shoot) on half strength MS medium supplemented with 9.84 μM of IBA. After
a hardening phase of 3 weeks the plantlets were transferred to the field.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Plantlet regeneration through shoot formation from young leaf explant-derived callus of Camptotheca acuminata is described. Calli were obtained by placing leaf explants on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with various concentrations
of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus induction was observed
in all media evaluated. On the shoot induction medium, the callus induced on the WPM medium containing 19.8 μM BA and 5.8
μM NAA was the most effective, providing high shoot regeneration frequency (70.3 %) as well as the highest number of shoots
(11.2 shoots explant−1). The good rooting percentage and root quality (98 %, 5.9 roots shoot−1) were achieved on WPM medium supplemented with 9.6 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). 96 % of the in vitro rooted plantlets with well developed shoots and roots survived transfer to soil. 相似文献
9.
A procedure was developed for plant regeneration of Hybanthus enneaspermus, a rare ethnobotanical herb from the Deccan peninsula in India, through seed-derived callus. Seeds demonstrated a high induction
frequency (69.4±2.8%) and a high yield (364.4±2.5 mg) of light-yellow friable callus on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium
containing 2.6 μm NAA and 2.2 μm BA within 4 weeks of incubation. After 1 year of subculture, yellow friable and light-green compact calli types were established
from initial light-yellow friable callus. Shoot differentiation was achieved from light-green compact callus, but not from
yellow friable callus. Shoot differentiation resulted when light-green compact callus was transferred to MS medium supplemented
with 8.8 μm BA and 2.6 μm NAA; the highest percentage of calli forming shoots (66.6±4.8%) and the highest number of shoots (8.9±0.3) were achieved
in this medium. Differentiated shoot buds elongated to 4–5 cm within 4 weeks. The addition of casein hydrolysate (500 mg/l)
and more potassium phosphate (1.86 mm) to the culture medium enhanced shoot differentiation. Rooting was achieved on the shoots using half-strength MS medium containing
4.8 μm IBA. About 70% of the plants were established in pots containing pure garden soil after 2 weeks of hardening. The regenerated
plants were morphologically uniform and exhibited normal seed set.
Received: 23 July 1998 / Revision received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted: 26 November 1998 相似文献
10.
Summary A method for adventitious shoot induction from petiole explants of Heracleum candicans is reported. Shoot buds were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1.1 μM 2,4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A wound response in the presence of BA and 2,4-D at the time of culture was necessary
for inducing shoot buds. The shoot bud regeneration was significantly influenced by size, type and orientation of explants
on the culture medium. These shoot buds developed into 4–5 cm shoots upon transfer to a medium containing 1.1μM BA and 0.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The regenerated shoots formed rooted plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 15 plants were established in the field for further evaluation. 相似文献
11.
Shoot bud regeneration was obtained from isolated leaflets of Albizia procera cultured on MS medium with various concentrations
of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest numbers of adventitious buds were obtained on MS medium
supplemented with 10 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. The replacement of 7 g l-1 Difco bacto agar with 2.6 g l-1 Phytagel in the medium
enhanced adventitious bud regeneration. Further, addition of 15 μM silver nitrate promoted callus-free shoot regeneration
from leaf explants. The regenerated shoot buds were elongated on MS medium containing 0.01 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. Rooting was
obtained on modified MS medium supplemented with 2 μM IBA. To our knowledge this is the first report of direct regeneration
of shoots from leaflet explants in A. procera, and should help facilitate genetic transformation in this species.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration in Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arnott, a rare medicinal plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in
Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5–8 μM) or Kn (0.5–8 μM) alone
or in combination with NAA (0.5–1.5 μM). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4 μM
BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot
length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of 1 μM NAA along with 4 μM BA gave rise to an average number
of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with
BA (5 μM) and 2,4-D (2 μM). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (2–15 μM) or Kn (2–15 μM) alone or
in combination with NAA (0.5–2 μM) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented
with 10 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The
shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with NAA
(1–7 μM) or IBA (1–7 μM). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average
number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized
protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant. 相似文献
13.
High efficiency shoot regeneration was achieved through leaflet and cotyledon derived calli in Cassia angustifolia - an important medicinal plant. Dark brown compact callus was induced at the cut ends of the explants on Murashige and Skoog's
(MS) medium augmented with 1 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) + 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Such callus pieces on transfer to cytokinins (BA or kinetin)
supplemented medium differentiated shoots within 10 – 15 d. Of the two cytokinins, 5 μM BA was optimum for eliciting morphogenic
response in 83.33 and 70.83 % cultures with an average of 4.16 ± 0.47 and 3.70 ± 0.56 shoots in cotyledon and leaflet derived
calli, respectively. The addition of 0.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to MS + 5 μM BA further elevated the maximum average
number of shoots to 12.08 ± 1.04 and 5.37 ± 0.52 for cotyledon and leaflet calli, respectively. The excised shoots were transferred
to a rooting medium containing either IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) or NAA. Nearly 95 % shoots developed
an average of 5.4 ± 0.41 roots on half strength MS medium supplemented with 10 μM IBA. 相似文献
14.
Adventitious shoots were induced from excised embryos of Pinus resinosa Ait, on half-strength Le-Poivre (LP) medium containing 1–70 μ M N6 -benzyladenine (BA). At lower concentrations of BA, only 2–3 shoot primordia (from as many as 22 formed per embryo) developed into shoots when subcultured onto medium containing 0.5% activated charcoal. Concentrations of 10 to 70 μ M of BA produced significantly higher numbers of shoot primordia and most of them developed into shoots. Ten to 17 day culture on medium containing 10–25 μ M BA proved optimal for maximum adventitious shoot production. Less than three days of incubation on the cytokinin medium did not stimulate the formation of adventitious shoots. Twenty-four day culture on the same medium produced several shoots, but most of them failed to develop normally and formed callus. Coconut milk (0.1–5% v/v) inhibited adventitious shoot formation. Using optimal conditions, seeds from 11 open-pollinated selected trees were compared to test for genetic differences in the potential to produce adventitious shoots from embryos. No significant differences were observed with regard to the shoots produced per embryo among the different seed collections. More than 200 plants produced through this technique were tested for variation in several isozymes by electrophoresis. No variations were observed. 相似文献
15.
Ramírez-Malagón Rafael Borodanenko Anatoli Barrera-Guerra José Luis Ochoa-Alejo Neftali 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,49(3):219-222
Embryo suspensor masses were induced by culture of isolated mature zygotic embryos of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.). Maximum induction frequencies were observed after 10 weeks culture on one-half strength Murashige and Skoog
medium containing 10 μM thidiazuron and on one-half strength Verhagen and Wann medium containing 10 μM cytokinin [6-(dimethylallylamino)purine,
6-benzyladenine, or thidiazuron). Proliferation of embryo suspensor masses occurred on one-half strength Verhagen and Wann
medium supplemented with 10 μM cytokinin. When embryo suspensor masses were transferred to media containing 5-80 μM abscisic
acid, cotyledonary-stage embryos were formed. Somatic embryos germinated on medium lacking plant growth regulators, but abnormal
cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos with stunted cotyledons and reduced embryo axes were also observed.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Kaitlin J. Palla Paula M. Pijut 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(2):250-256
A plant regeneration protocol was developed for white ash (Fraxinus americana L.). Hypocotyls and cotyledons excised from embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA) plus thidiazuron (TDZ), and compared for organogenic potential. Sixty-six percent of hypocotyl segments and 10.4% of
cotyledon segments produced adventitious shoots, with a mean number of adventitious shoots per explant of 3.5 ± 0.9 and 2.5 ± 1.5,
respectively. The best regeneration medium (52% shoot formation; 47% shoot elongation) for hypocotyls was MS basal medium
containing 22.2 μM BA plus 0.5 μM TDZ, producing a mean of 3.9 ± 0.4 adventitious shoots. Adventitious shoots were established
as proliferating shoot cultures following transfer to MS medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 10 μM BA plus 10 μM
TDZ. For in vitro rooting, woody plant medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0, 2.9, 5.7, or 8.6 μM in combination with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) was tested for a 5- or 10-d dark culture period, followed by culture under a 16-h photoperiod. The best rooting
(78% to 81%) of in vitro shoots was obtained with a 5 d dark culture treatment on medium containing 2.9 or 5.7 μM IAA plus 4.9 μM IBA, with an average
of 2.6 ± 0.4 roots per shoot. Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized to the greenhouse. This adventitious shoot regeneration
and rooting protocol will be used as the basis for experimental studies to produce transgenic white ash with resistance to
the emerald ash borer. 相似文献
17.
Ben Jouira H. Hassairi A. Bigot C. Dorion N. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,53(2):153-160
The regenerative ability of small strips of stem of the Dutch elm hybrid ‘Commelin’ was tested as well as its sensitivity
to neomycins. Cambium explants (1 mm thick), were excised from woody stems collected in the field. Up to 20 buds/explant were
induced within 2–3 weeks giving 2–5 rootable shoots/explant after 5–6 weeks. Shoot excision every week from week three improved
the yield up to 7 shoots per explant. Fourteen and 2.9 μM GA3 promoted shoot growth. Cytokinins (1 μM zeatin or 5 μM BA or
0.05 μM TDZ) completely inhibited shoot production and promoted callus formation. Kanamycin and paromomycin at between 240
and 360 μM inhibited shoot formation as did geneticin at 80 μM. The shoot-forming ability of the explants was high from leaf
fall in the autumn to the spring flush, but could be maintained up to September by using cold storage (5–7 °C). Ninety-six
percent of the shoots rooted with 0.5 μM IBA and were successfully acclimatized despite having a large basal callus.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
De-Quan Sun Xin-Hua Lu Guo-Lu Liang Qi-Gao Guo Yi-Wei Mo Jiang-Hui Xie 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(1):23-29
Triploid papaya (Carica papaya) plants were obtained by immature endosperm culture. Visible callusing of the endosperm occurred 21 days after initiation
of cultures. A continuously growing callus was observed and a maximum of 68.7% of callus induction frequency was obtained
when immature endosperm with embryo was cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), 2.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 4.0 μM 6-furfurylamino purine (Kn). Shoot buds were produced when
the callus was subcultured on a medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) along with NAA. Shoots
were detached from the callus and transferred to the elongation medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and BA.
The combination of 3.0 μM IAA and 1.5 μM BA was the best in terms of the number of cultures (93.8%) showing axillary shoot
proliferation. The addition of 2.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to the 1/2 MS medium was most effective at inducing root
formation with 90% of the shoots developing four to five roots. Healthy rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing
sterilized bed soil and perlite (3:1) mixture in the greenhouse and 78% of the micropropagated plants survived transplantation.
The leaves from endosperm-derived plants showed larger stomata and more chloroplasts in guard cells than that from the parent
plants. Over 75% of the endosperm-derived plants were triploid with chromosome number 2n = 3x = 27. 相似文献
19.
Mehmet Nuri Nas Leyla Gokbunar Nevzat Sevgin Murat Aydemir Merve Dagli Zahide Susluoglu 《Plant Growth Regulation》2012,67(1):57-63
The effects of culture media and cytokinin types on micropropagation of mature Crataegus aronia L. were investigated. Using single-axillary bud explants, the growth of cultures on MS, WPM, DKW and NRM containing 4.44 μM
benzyladenine (BA) plus 0.05 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and on NRM containing thidiazuron, meta-Topolin (mT) or BA at
1.25, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 μM plus 0.05 μM IBA were compared. The culture medium had significant effects on shoot number and length.
In comparison with MS, DKW and WPM, shoot production was greater on NRM (5.7 shoots per explant). Shoot production on MS,
DKW and WPM (4.2, 4.2 and 4.1, respectively) were statistically similar to each other. Thidiazuron was detrimental to shoot
formation and caused formation of rosette shoots and/or large callus to form on explants. In the presence of mT, only some
of the explants developed into shoots. Benzyladenine was the only cytokinin that promoted both shoot proliferation and shoot
elongation. Higher shoot numbers were obtained at 5.0 and 7.5 μM BA compared to lower concentrations of BA. Over 80% of microshoots
rooted and rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. 相似文献
20.
Azza A. Tawfik Mohamed F. Mohamed 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(1):21-27
Nodular meristematic callus was induced on the basal cut surface of apical shoot explants of salvia cultured on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.5, 13.5, or 22.5 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Cultures were incubated in the dark for 1 wk
and then transferred to light conditions for 4 wk. A higher percentage of explants developing callus was observed on medium
containing either 4.5 or 13.5 μM TDZ, although explants on 4.5 μM developed larger calluses. The callus was maintained on
medium containing 4.5 μM TDZ and 0.45 mM ascorbic acid. Shoot differentiation, after each of three successive maintenance
passages, was induced from callus grown on medium containing either 4.4 or 8.8 μM benzyladenine (BA). A greater number of
shoots were harvested from callus differentiated on BA (4.4 or 8.8 μM) medium with 0.45 mM ascorbic acid added. Shoots developed
roots on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM of indole-3-butyric acid. The addition of ascorbic acid to the shoot differentiation
medium enhanced rooting, number of roots per shoot, and survival rate. Approximately 75% in vitro plantlets were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Histological investigations confirmed both adventitious meristem initiation during the callus induction phase,
and subsequent organogenic shoot development on the differentiation medium. The novel protocol for the meristematic callus
induction and plant regeneration in this study may be useful for biotechnological applications for salvia improvement via
genetic transformation or mutagenesis and in vitro propagation approaches. 相似文献