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1.
光周期和温度对亚洲玉米螟滞育诱导的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)属兼性滞育昆虫, 其滞育特性与种群利用适生境的最大化和季节性活动密切相关。解析季节性因素如光周期和温度对其滞育的诱导作用可为预测种群发生动态提供科学依据。本实验在HPS 500型和HPG-320H型自动控制环境气候箱中, 测定了RH 80%下温度20℃, 27℃和30℃与11个光周期组合对吉林农安(NA)、 河北衡水(HS)、 广东惠州(HZ)和海南海口(HK)等4个地理种群的滞育诱导作用。结果表明: 光周期、 温度及其交互作用均对亚洲玉米螟滞育诱导具有重要影响, 其中光周期在滞育诱导中起主导作用。在20℃条件下, 其光周期反应曲线属典型的长日照反应型, 临界光周期随种群分布的地理纬度降低而缩短, 4个地理种群NA, HS, HZ和HK的临界日昼长依次为14 h 3 min, 13 h 59 min, 13 h 32 min和13 h 7 min, 最有效的滞育诱导光周期是日昼长12 h。另一方面, 随种群分布纬度升高, 其对光周期诱导滞育的敏感性降低。温度为27℃时, 其光周期反应曲线为短日照 长日照反应型, 各种群有两个临界光周期, 临界日昼长依次为12 h 50 min和13 h 32 min, 11 h 35 min和13 h 8 min, 12 h 58 min和13 h 1 min, 以及11 h 50 min和12 h 26 min, 且最有效的滞育诱导光周期范围的滞育率明显低于20℃。一定温度范围内(20℃~27℃), 随温度升高, 临界光周期缩短; 温度达到30℃时则滞育显著被抑制, 滞育率仅为4.3%或更低。这些结果说明温度对亚洲玉米螟滞育的光周期诱导具有很强的补偿作用。因此, 在自然界亚洲玉米螟的滞育属具有温度补偿作用的长日照反应型昆虫, 临界光周期随地理纬度北移而增长; 种群滞育的短日照 长日照反应型特性可能是产生局部世代种群的重要内因。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】滞育诱导期进行短光照处理可影响昆虫耐寒性。为明确光周期对中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder)耐寒性的影响, 针对中华通草蛉滞育解除过程及非滞育虫态的耐寒性进行了一系列研究。【方法】测定了中华通草蛉自然越冬成虫的过冷却点(supercooling point, SCP)以及长光周期(15L∶9D)和短光周期(9L∶15D)条件下自然越冬成虫在滞育解除过程中在-12℃下的死亡率, 并测定了室内长、 短两种光周期下实验种群2龄和3龄幼虫的过冷却点(SCP)、 结冰点(freezing point, FP)以及-7℃下的死亡率。【结果】中华通草蛉12月份的自然越冬成虫SCP集中在-10~-14℃之间。SCP低于-12℃的个体占43.70%, 且-12℃处理1 d死亡率为62.00%。-12℃处理1 d条件下的长、 短光周期处理自然越冬成虫, 除处理0 d外, 长光周期处理死亡率均高于短光周期处理的, 且在处理15 (P=0.012), 20 (P=0.01)和25 d (P=0.001)差异显著。中华通草蛉试验种群相同龄期幼虫在短光周期下的SCP和FP均高于长光周期下, 但差异不显著(P>0.05); 但在-7℃下, 2龄幼虫短光周期下的低温死亡率为67.00%±4.04%, 显著低于长光周期下的低温死亡率(78.00%±1.33%)(P=0.011), 3龄幼虫短光周期条件下低温死亡率为24.33%±1.33%, 显著低于长光周期下的低温死亡率(53.00%±3.46%)(P=0.002)。【结论】中华通草蛉为结冰敏感型, 诱导滞育的短光照处理可提高其幼虫期及滞育解除过程中成虫的耐寒能力。  相似文献   

3.
亚洲玉米螟滞育诱导外源性因子研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
研究了食料、温度、光周期等外源性因子对亚洲螟滞育的影响,试验证明,食料性质对其滞育诱导影响显著,取食玉米雌的幼虫以滞育诱导光周反应的敏感性强于取食棉铃的幼虫,在一定范围内,食料中可溶性糖含量增加可促进幼虫的滞育诱导,而粗蛋白含量的增加则具有抑制滞育诱导的作用,两者的互作效应不显著。高温抑制滞育诱导,你 促进滞育诱导。短光周对幼虫的滞育诱导无特定的敏感龄期,但以3龄与2龄对短光周刺激敏感性较强,包光  相似文献   

4.
在22~28℃和16~22℃变温条件下研究了水分对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)越冬幼虫存活、滞育解除及成虫生殖潜力的影响。结果表明:在越冬幼虫复苏后至化蛹阶段,水分是影响越冬幼虫完成滞育发育的关键因子,只有满足其饮水需求,才能解除滞育而化蛹。幼虫的存活和化蛹率随幼虫饮水后体重的增加而增加。幼虫化蛹的早晚受温度和水分的综合影响,在22~28℃下越冬幼虫化蛹进度较快,在复苏后35天时为最佳饮水时间,比在16~22℃下早5~10天。此阶段如能满足幼虫的需水量,幼虫死亡率低,化蛹率高,而只在滞育发育早期或后期饮水时,死亡率高,化蛹率低。同一变温条件下,其滞育发育因饮水时间的推迟而延长。因此可以推测春季温度偏高、干旱的气候条件不利于亚洲玉米螟越冬代的大发生,反之亦然。  相似文献   

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为明确亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis幼虫滞育的分子机制,挖掘潜在的滞育关联基因和信号通路,利用Illumina NovaSeqTM 6000高通量测序平台对亚洲玉米螟非滞育(Non-diapause,ND)、滞育(Diapause,D)及解除滞育(Diapause-termination,DT)的幼虫进行测序,并进行生物信息学分析和滞育相关基因的筛选。利用qRT-PCR技术对转录组测序结果进行验证。结果显示D vs ND和DT vs D比较组分别获得3 520和1 107个差异表达基因。D vs ND组差异表达基因功能主要富集到蛋白酶体、氨基酸和核苷酸糖代谢、内质网中的蛋白质加工和酪氨酸代谢通路;DT vs D组差异表达基因功能主要富集于缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成、氧化磷酸化、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、其他聚糖降解和氮代谢通路。随机选取9个差异表达基因的qPCR验证结果与转录组测序结果一致。进一步挖掘出调控滞育的蜕皮激素相关基因7个、保幼激素相关基因20个、生物钟信号通路相关基因8个、Ca2+信号通路相关基因21个和胰岛素相关基因5个,推测这些基因在亚洲玉米螟幼虫滞育调控中起着重要作用,为筛选亚洲玉米螟绿色防控分子靶标提供必要的基础。  相似文献   

7.
为了探明亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)不同地理种群对暗期干扰的滞育反应, 本文在研究了亚洲玉米螟南昌种群(28°41′N, 115°53′E)和哈尔滨种群(44°56′N, 127°10′E)光周期反应的基础上, 在室内分别测试了25℃和28℃温度下1 h的光脉冲干扰光周期L9∶D15和L12∶D12对这两个不同地理种群幼虫滞育抑制的影响。结果表明: 在25℃和28℃下, 哈尔滨种群的临界日长分别比南昌种群延长了1 h 40 min和2 h; 在所有测试的暗期干扰实验中, 除了极少数光脉冲干扰点外, 南昌种群幼虫滞育的发生率显著低于哈尔滨种群; 1 h光脉冲干扰光周期L9∶D15的滞育发生率明显低于干扰光周期L12∶D12, 且前者表现了暗期的中间对光脉冲最敏感, 而后者显示了暗期的初期对光脉冲最敏感; 28℃下光脉冲对滞育的抑制效果强于25℃。这些结果进一步提示, 即使在同种昆虫中, 如果地理种群和实验条件不同, 暗期干扰对滞育抑制的效果也可能不同。  相似文献   

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Many insects in temperate regions overwinter in diapause. In these insects, one of the metabolic adaptations to cold stress is the synthesis of responsive proteins. Using proteomic analysis, an investigation aimed to a better understanding of the molecular adaptation mechanisms to cold stress was carried out in Ostrinia furnacalis larva. Proteins were extracted from the larval hemolymph collected from both control and overwintering larva. By polyethylene glycol precipitation, approximately 560 protein spots were separated and visualized on two‐dimensional (2D) gels after silver staining. Eighteen protein spots were found to be upregulated in overwinter larval plasma in different patterns. As an initial work, 13 of these proteins were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF MS. The differentially overexpressed proteins include heat shock 70 kDa cognate protein, small heat shock protein (sHSP), putative aliphatic nitrilase, arginine kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, triosephosphateisomerase, and glutathione transferase. Alterations in the levels of these proteins were further confirmed by qPCR. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed plasma proteins in O. furnacalis diapause larvae under extremely low temperature conditions and gives new insights into the acclimation mechanisms responsive to cold stress. Our results also support the idea that energy metabolism, alanine and proline metabolism, and antioxidative reaction act in the cold acclimation of O. furnacalis diapause larvae.  相似文献   

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Abstract The age‐dependent cold hardiness profile of Ostrinia nubilalis is compared between nondiapausing and diapausing larvae, as well as with field‐collected larvae. The results suggest that both cold tolerance and accumulation of cryoprotectants depends upon the age of O. nubilalis larva. Late fifth‐instar nondiapausing larvae are more cold tolerant than younger fifth‐instars because they show enhanced ability to withstand sub‐zero temperatures. No appreciable difference is observed between the experimental groups of diapausing larvae as far as their supercooling ability and tolerance at sub‐zero temperatures above the supercooling point. In general, both field‐collected and diapausing larvae are more cold tolerant than nondiapausing larvae, indicating a direct link between diapause and cold hardiness. The age of diapausing larvae affects the ability to accumulate glycerol. Glycerol levels of 45‐day‐old diapausing larvae are significantly higher (2.7‐fold) compared with 90‐day‐old diapausing larvae. Moreover, diapausing larvae display a five‐ to 13‐fold higher glycerol content compared with nondiapausing larvae. There is a trend for an age‐dependent cold hardiness profile in O. nubilalis and further tests that could demonstrate a causal relationship between age and cold tolerance are needed.  相似文献   

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低温处理对亚洲玉米螟幼虫抗寒性的诱导效应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
室内条件下将亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)幼虫放置在5℃(LT1处理组)和0℃(LT2处理组)下低温处理2 h后,分别测定了其低温诱导识别温度、存活率、抗寒性、过冷却点、体内水分和脂质含量百分率,并进行抗冻特异蛋白的诱导; 利用SDS-PAGE方法分析了低温诱导后亚洲玉米螟5 龄幼虫血清中抗冻特异蛋白。结果表明:亚洲玉米螟3、4和5龄幼虫的低温诱导识别温度分别为-13.5℃、-16.5℃和-18.5℃; 3、4和5龄幼虫存活率LT2组>LT1组>对照组(P<0.05);随虫龄增加,幼虫抗寒性逐步增强;对幼虫过冷却点无明显影响(P>0.05); 幼虫水分和脂质含量百分率为LT2组>LT1组>对照组,且随虫龄增加,虫体含水率和脂质含量百分率增高(P<0.05); 低温诱导产生了一种分子量约为29.0 kD的抗冻特异蛋白。研究结果表明低温诱导可以增强亚洲玉米螟幼虫的抗寒性。  相似文献   

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昆虫是变温动物,种群的繁衍面临如何安全度过漫长而寒冷的冬季的挑战.为了安全越冬,昆虫必须适应冬季的低温,增强耐寒能力是昆虫的一种重要的季节适应机制.近年来,关于昆虫耐寒性的研究不断开展,研究内容涉及影响耐寒性的因素、耐寒性的机制等方面.影响昆虫耐寒性的因素包括环境因素,如气候的季节变化、纬度或海拔的差异等,以及昆虫自身的发育阶段、滞育发生等.  相似文献   

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Abstract  The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the diapause larvae of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis , were investigated. The molecular weight of diapause associated protein in hemolymph was determined. The development of male reproductive system, the body water content, the tolerance to suffocation and the rates of respiration of the diapause and non-diapause larvae were compared. The results revealed that the diapause larvae have the following characteristics: 1. There is a diapause associated protein in heamolymoph; its molecular weights of two polypeptide chains are 72,000 and 84,000 Dal. respectively. 2. The male reproductive organ is underdeveloped. 3. The body water content is lowered. 4. A much higher tolerance to suffocation is exhibited after submergence under water at room temperature. 5. A low rate of respiration prevailed.  相似文献   

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对亚洲玉米螟,Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae),末龄滞育幼虫的生理生化指标进行了研究。确定了血淋巴滞育关联蛋白的分子量,微量呼吸仪测定了幼虫的呼吸量。同时,对体内水分含量,幼虫对水的耐受性,以及雄性精巢的大小亦进行了分析和观察。发现相应于非滞育幼虫,滞育幼虫有如下特点:1.滞育幼虫的血淋巴中具有一种滞育关联蛋白,它的两个亚肽的分子量分别为72000和840000道尔顿。2.雄性生殖器官发育不完全。3.体内水分含量占体重的比率较低,相对应干重较高。4.在室温下对浸水窒息的耐受性高。5.幼虫呼吸微弱,氧的消耗较小。  相似文献   

14.
吴孔明  郭予元 《昆虫学报》1997,40(-1):25-29
试验研究了我国华南棉区、长江流域棉区、黄河流域棉区、北部特早熟棉区和西北内陆棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)13个地理种群的滞育解除特点。随纬度升高地理种群滞育蛹在高温下的发育时间显著延长,羽化格局趋于松散,在30℃下湖南衡阳种群和新疆哈密种群的发育时间分别为(15.6±4.9)d和(41.4±9.0)d。低温处理可明显降低长江流域以北种群的滞育历期,但对华南棉区北部种群则无明显的活化作用。湖南衡阳种群、湖北武穴种群、北京种群和新疆哈密种群活化滞育蛹的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为17.4℃和146.O日度,16.6℃和146.5日度,15.7℃和156.4日度及15.7℃和167.7日度。  相似文献   

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Few useful microsatellites are available for population studies of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). An enrichment strategy was used to develop microsatellite markers for O. nubilalis, and over 500 positive clones were isolated. Seventy-five contained unique microsatellites, 10 of which were polymorphic with discernable polymerase chain reaction products. The 10 loci were surveyed for variability in 72 wild individuals from central Iowa. Five loci showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportions, and all were successfully cross-amplified in the related Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. These loci represent a significant addition to microsatellites appropriate for population studies of O. nubilalis.  相似文献   

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Ostrinia nubilalis larvae reared under both nondiapause and diapause-inducing conditions were chilled at 5°C for various periods and their haemolymph glycerol concentrations were measured enzymatically. The ability of fifth (final) instars to accumulate glycerol was dependent upon cold stress but not the diapause state. Furthermore this response was independent of any cold-induced release of cephalic or thoracic hormones. The capacity of O. nubilalis larvae to express cold-induced glycerol accumulation was found to require ecdysis from the fourth to fifth instar. Eggs as well as second, third and fourth instars were completely incompetent. These results indicate that, at the biochemical level, a specific developmental programme or sequence is required for O. nubilalis to demonstrate this response to cold stress.  相似文献   

17.
曹溪  朱春亚  张茂新  凌冰 《昆虫学报》2015,58(6):625-633
【目的】为研究苦瓜素Ⅰ对亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinina furnacalis (Güenée)的生物活性和体内相关酶活性的影响。【方法】采用饲料混药法测定了苦瓜素Ⅰ对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的影响,并以生命表的方法评价了苦瓜素Ⅰ对亚洲玉米螟实验种群增长的控制作用;采用酶标仪测定了苦瓜素Ⅰ对亚洲玉米螟幼虫海藻糖酶和磷酸酯酶活性的影响。【结果】用含0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0和4.0 mg/g浓度苦瓜素Ⅰ的人工饲料饲喂亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫3 d,幼虫的存活率明显降低, LC50为3.2 mg/g;对幼虫体重增长的抑制作用显著,在4.0 mg/g浓度下,第1, 2和3 天体重增长的抑制率分别为76.87%, 78.24%和79.94%,且发育历期明显延长;苦瓜素Ⅰ各浓度处理组中亚洲玉米螟蛹的历期和成虫寿命与对照相比差异不显著,但苦瓜素Ⅰ明显降低了亚洲玉米螟雌成虫的产卵量,4.0 mg/g浓度下,产卵抑制率高达73.55%。苦瓜素Ⅰ对亚洲玉米螟幼虫海藻糖酶、酸性磷酸酯酶和碱性磷酸酯酶活性均有明显的抑制作用,处理24, 48和72 h后,对亚洲玉米螟幼虫海藻糖酶活性的IC50分别为3.8, 2.9和4.9 mg/g;对酸性磷酸酯酶活性的IC50分别为3.1, 2.6和1.5 mg/g,对碱性磷酸酯酶活性的IC50分别为3.3 ,1.9和3.6 mg/g。【结论】苦瓜素Ⅰ能显著抑制亚洲玉米螟幼虫的生长发育及成虫的生殖力,使其实验种群的增长受到明显控制。苦瓜素Ⅰ抑制亚洲玉米螟幼虫体内海藻糖酶和磷酸酯酶活性是其作用机制之一。  相似文献   

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Although it is often assumed that survival of freezing requires that ice formation must be restricted to extracellular compartments, fat body cells from freeze-tolerant larvae of the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera, Tephritidae) survive intracellular freezing. Furthermore, these cells are highly susceptible to inoculative freezing by external ice, undergo extensive lipid coalescence upon thawing, and survive freezing better when glycerol is added to the suspension medium. To determine whether these traits are required for intracellular freeze tolerance or whether they are incidental and possessed by fat body cells in general, we investigated the capacity of fat body cells from nondiapause-destined and diapause-destined (i.e., cold-hardy) larvae of the freeze-intolerant flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) to survive intracellular freezing. Fat body cells from both types of larvae were highly susceptible to inoculative freezing; all cells froze between -3.7 to -6.2 degrees C. The highest rates for survival of intracellular freezing occurred at -5 degrees C. The addition of glycerol to the media markedly increased survival rates. Upon thawing, the fat body cells showed little or no lipid coalescence. Fat body cells from E. solidaginis had a water content of only 35% compared to cells from S. crassipalpis larvae that had 52-55%; cells with less water may be less likely to be damaged by mechanical forces during intracellular freezing.  相似文献   

20.
研究了五个新化合物对亚洲玉米螟 (Ostriniafurnacalis)五龄幼虫的拒食活性以及对其生长发育和中肠蛋白酶活性的影响 ,并与川楝素的作用效果进行了比较。结果表明 ,川楝素以及C19、C2 3 、C2 4、C2 6、C2 8在 5 0 0mg kg浓度下拒食活性分别为 5 1 16 %、5 7 6 1%、4 2 8%、5 1 0 8%、36 73%、5 1 6 7% ,其中C19、C2 4、C2 8拒食活性与川楝素相当。在 2 0mg kg浓度 ,生长发育实验表明C19、C2 6、C2 8具有较好的抑制幼虫生长作用 ,其中C2 8的作用与川楝素相当 ;药剂对中肠蛋白酶的影响结果表明 ,川楝素和C2 8对弱碱性类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶表现为激活作用 ,C19、C2 4、C2 6对两种蛋白酶在 2 4h激活 ,4 8h抑制。对相关作用机理进行了探讨。  相似文献   

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