不同温度及时间对保存血液有效期和质量的影响

目的 :研究不同温度对血液液状保存时保存损伤机制的影响 ,并探讨相应的防范措施。方法 :取 10名健康献血员静脉血 ,混合于CP2D A保存液中 ,均分为 2组 ,分别保存于 0℃和 4℃环境条件下 ,分别于设定的时间 (第2 1d和第 4 2d)以shafiq UR rehman法检测膜磷脂 ,同步法检测Na K ATP酶、纯化PDE法检测CaM、分光光度法检测LPO等指标。结果 :固定温度条件下随时间的延长血液过氧化反应增强 ,保存损伤作用增加 ;同一时期内保存损伤作用随温度的降低而减轻 ,以 4℃组血液老化明显。结论 :血液保存损伤作用随保存期的延长而增强 ,随保存温度的降低而改善 ,并指出血液液状保存所存在的问题与展望。     

保存温度和时间对狂犬病疫苗效力稳定性的影响

对人用精制狂犬病疫苗和浓缩狂犬疫苗分析在－33℃,2－8℃,25℃,37℃保存0－6个月进行效力的稳定性观察,结果表明随存放时间及温度增加,两者的生物活性均有不同程度的降低。在2－8℃条件下疫苗的效力明显比其它温度稳定（P＜0．02）;精制疫苗与浓缩疫苗比较,其效力有更稳定的趋势。     

保存介质和温度对西伯利亚鲟卵子短期保存的影响

研究了不同保存介质(体腔液CF、Hepes液、RMS液)、温度(4℃、16℃)和保存时间(4 h、8 h、16 h、24 h)对西伯利亚鲟卵子短期保存的影响.结果显示:保存介质、温度和时间对卵子受精率、孵化率和初孵仔鱼畸形率有显著性影响(P<0.05),受精率、孵化率均随保存时间的延长而下降,畸形率上升.16℃条件下保存卵子受精率、孵化率和畸形率均高于4℃,但4℃下卵子的保存时间较16℃下长.研究表明,采用根据西伯利亚鲟体腔液生化成分配制的Hepes液作为保存介质,于16℃下保存4 h为西伯利亚鲟卵子的最佳保存条件,此时受精率、孵化率和畸形率分别为86.36%、94.74%和0.     

11种灭活型样本保存液对病毒核酸保护效果的比较

收集11种不同厂家的灭活型样本保存液,将甲型流感病毒加入保存液和生理盐水中,在4℃、25℃和37℃条件下保存0 h、2 h、4 h、6 h和24 h后,分别提取各组的病毒核酸,并通过逆转录实时荧光PCR检测病毒载量变化,以探究不同样本保存液对病毒核酸保护效果是否存在差异。结果发现不同样本保存液中的病毒载量随保存时间和温度变化存在显著差异。据此可将11种灭活型样本保存液的保存效果分为四类：(1)优秀产品：在任一温度（4℃、25℃、37℃）条件下,即使保存24h时病毒核酸都未发生明显降解,占比27.2%(3/11);(2)良好产品：低温（4℃）和室温（25℃）情况下核酸未出现降解,但在高温（37℃）条件下6 h后保存效果明显下降,占比27.2%(3/11);(3)合格产品：低温（4℃）条件下对病毒核酸具有较好的保护效果,但在室温（25℃）和高温（37℃）情况下随保存时间延长其保护效果显著下降,占比18.1%(2/11);(4)不合格产品：任一保存条件下对病毒核酸的保护效果都较差,甚至加入病毒后立即导致病毒核酸发生快速降解,占比27.2%(3/11)。以上结果说明不同厂家样本保存液对病毒核酸...     

生物发光法微生物快速检测试剂的性质及其影响因素研究*

研究了ATP生物发光微生物快速检测试剂的反应动力学、反应最适温度、pH以及各种影响因素。在ATP生物发光反应中,测试系统中D-荧光素用量为40～50μg／mL时对反应已经足够;发光脉冲计数CPM值随反应时间的延长不断降低,开始的1min内,其CPM值下降最快,然后下降速度不断减缓;反应的最适温度为24℃-25℃;而体系的最佳pH为7．2—7．4。配制好的发光试剂溶液置于4℃保存45h,可以保持86％的活力,在25℃时保温1h,活力下降较少,随时间的增加,活力逐渐下降,到6．5h时,仅剩53．5％的活力,而     

Kyoto-1保存液保存的移植用肺Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞钠-钾泵的研究

目的：临床认为肺水肿已成肺移植过程中的最大障碍。近年来资料表明,过是肺泡液的吸收与Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞Na^ 的跨膜能力有关,保存中若能保持肺上Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性,对成功的肺移植是非常必要的,本实验研究0℃、4℃Kyoto-1（NewET－K）保存液保存体肺脏,型Ⅱ肺泡上皮细胞Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性变化,为Kyoto-1在临床上最大时限地保存供体肺提供基础理论依据。方法：取Wistar大白鼠,随机分为对照组和实验组,对照组取新鲜肺脏。实验组分别灌注0℃、4℃的Kyoto-1保存液,分别放入0℃、4℃冰箱中保存4h,24h,48h,进行光,电镜酶组织化学研究。使用图像分析系统进行定量测定。结果：4℃、24h实验组钠泵活性可以得到较好的保存（P＞0．05）。结论：钠泵可以作为检测供保存质量的重要指标。     

光照与飞蝗卵耐寒性的关系

用热电偶法测定长光照(L：D=14：10)和短光照(L：D=10：14)条件下饲养的飞蝗所产卵的过冷却点;并对长、短光照组分别设置5个温度(0、-5、-10、-15和-20℃)处理,每一温度又设置5个时间(6h,1、3、5和10d)处理,然后检查其28℃的孵化数,以此计算低温存活率和半致死温度。长、短光照组卵的过冷却点没有差异;两种光照条件下的低温存活率随着卵处理温度的降低和时间的延长而下降,在-5和-10℃时短光照组的低温存活率显著高于长光照组;卵的半致死温度随低温处理时间的延长而升高,短光照组的半致死温度明显低于长光照组。接受短光照的飞蝗母本能产出耐寒性较高的卵,暗示秋天所产的卵能更成功地越冬。     

生物发光法微生物快速检测试剂的性质及其影响因素研究

研究了ATP生物发光微生物快速检测试剂的反应动力学、反应最适温度、pH以及各种影响因素。在ATP生物发光反应中,测试系统中D-荧光素用量为40～50μg／mL时对反应已经足够;发光脉冲计数CPM值随反应时间的延长不断降低,开始的1min内,其CPM值下降最快,然后下降速度不断减缓;反应的最适温度为24℃～25℃;而体系的最佳pH为7．2-7．4。配制好的发光试剂溶液置于4℃保存45h,可以保持86％的活力。在25℃时保温1h,活力下降较少,随时间的增加,活力逐渐下降,到6．5h时,仅剩53．5％的活力,而在33℃时,随着保温时间的延长,酶活力下降较快,保温1．5h,活力剩下59．1％,因此保存温度对发光试剂活力的影响非常大。各种化学物质如酸、碱、盐及表面活性剂都会抑制ATP发光反应,当NaCl浓度达到1．5g／L时,即可以抑制52．5％的发光,TritonX-100及酸、碱对系统均有一定的影响,CTAB、SDS及TCA则严重抑制发光反应。     

SOD对4℃保存人红细胞损伤的防护作用研究

目的：探讨SOD对延时保存红细胞损伤防护作用的机理。方法：取义务献血人员静脉血,置4℃冰箱保存。保存前后不同时期用标准方法分别检查各项指标,用生物荧光素标记红细胞,测定24h活存率。实验分3组：ACD和／或GMA、抗氧化剂（SOD）组。结果：SOD组保存75d,无氧糖酵解率维持在保存前的86．2％,ATP为56．4％,PK为64．3％,明显高于GMA或ACD组。保存75d整体回输后24h活存率为86．1％,与GMA保存42d(89.1%)结果接近。结论：用抗氧化剂保养液在4℃条件下保存人血红细胞从42d延长到75d,红细胞无氧糖酵解率、ATP、PK和整体回输后24h活存率等均与42d保存方相符,为红细胞的活存提供了理论根据。     

贵州台江中寒武世凯里动物群保存环境初探

以多种方法和分析成果论证台江县革东的凯里组形成于水深９０－２００ｍ,属温暖、透光、水深较大、沉积速率较高的陆棚环境,海底表面处于氧化还原界面附近,该环境较有利于生物繁衍。通过对多门类化石保存特征分析,近似地恢复生物群,划分出４个埋藏相和６个埋藏亚相。凯里动物群的保存条件可归结为：生物原生活于陆棚泥表面或水中,因陆棚水体能量较海底表面接近氧化－还原界面,内栖生物少,生物扰动及食腐行为很少发生,防止埋     

Clinical use of blood,blood components and blood products.

The goal of modern transfusion therapy is to provide appropriate replacement therapy with blood components as opposed to whole blood for patients with specific hematologic deficiencies. A prerequisite of component therapy is, therefore, correct identification of the deficiency. Appropriate use of components avoids many of the hazards associated with the use of whole blood, and at the same time makes maximal use of this valuable resource. Blood components separated from whole blood soon after collection and appropriately stored can, in combination, provide all the factors present in fresh whole blood. Red cell concentrates prepared from multiple packs have a hematocrit of approximately 70%. They may be stored for up to 3 weeks at 4 degrees C and are recommended for most situations requiring red cell transfusions. Platelet concentrates, which can be stored for up to 72 hours at 22 degrees C, may be used for thrombocytopenic patients. Fresh frozen plasma, stored plasma, cryoprecipitated factor VIII, factor VIII concentrate and factor IX complex concentrate are available for the proper treatment of patients with hemorrhagic disorders due to coagulation factor deficiencies. Similarly, albumin and immune serum globulin are available for their oncotic and antibody properties respectively. Thus, the availability and appropriate use of the various blood products allows not only optimal transfusion therapy for each patient, but also fuller utilization of national blood resources.     

Separation of blood cells from normal blood and blood of patients with various malignant blood diseases using separation media

Differential counts of normal and leukemic cells separated from human peripheral blood were compared using three different separation media a) Verografin, b) Verografin-Ficoll, c) Isopaque-Ficoll (Lymphoprep), density 1.077 g/ml. In the separation the solution of Verografin (SPOFA) or Verografin-Ficoll yields analogous cell counts to Isopaque-Ficoll solution. The separation of leukemic cells is similar on all three separation media with considerable packing of some cells of the myeloid line. The blood cells separated from peripheral blood of normal donors on three various separation media correlate also in T and B lymphocyte counts, as demonstrated by the results of E and EAC rosette tests.     

Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and the hazards of blood radicals

Cell-free hemoglobins, chemically altered or genetically expressed in microbial host systems, have been developed as oxygen-carrying therapeutics. Sitedirected modifications are introduced and serve to stabilize the protein molecules in a tetrameric and/or a polymeric functional form. Animal studies, as well as recent clinical studies, have suggested these proteins probably deliver oxygen to tissues. However, concerns still persist regarding the interference of hemoglobin and its oxidation products with the vascular redox balance, potentially impeding its clinical usefulness. This article reviews our current understanding of heme-mediated toxicities and some of the emerging protective strategies used to overcome hemoglobin side reactions.     

Best practices in regulation of blood and blood products

The need for blood regulation arises from the inherent risks of blood transfusion, which are minimized through implementation of standards. Regulatory oversight is advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an essential element of any blood system to ensure such standards are met. The WHO Blood Regulators Network has developed "Assessment Criteria for National Blood Regulatory Systems" that describe the legal authority and functions of a fully competent blood regulator. The core functions include licensing and/or registration of blood establishments, marketing approval of blood products, oversight of all associated substances and devices, control of clinical trials, access to an independent laboratory for product assessments, lot release, and hemovigilance systems. Regulatory policy-making for blood safety is needed to address emerging threats, to consider the risks and benefits of new products and technologies, and to respond to adverse events. Structured policy-making processes are essential to ensure that decisions are science-based, with appropriate consideration of relevant economic and social factors. Decision making is especially challenging in situations of scientific uncertainty, where prudent precautionary measures may be appropriate based on assessments of risk and feasibility of meaningful interventions. There is international interest in finding a common framework for addressing blood safety decisions.     

Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and the hazards of blood radicals

Cell-free hemoglobins, chemically altered or genetically expressed in microbial host systems, have been developed as oxygen-carrying therapeutics. Sitedirected modifications are introduced and serve to stabilize the protein molecules in a tetrameric and/or a polymeric functional form. Animal studies, as well as recent clinical studies, have suggested these proteins probably deliver oxygen to tissues. However, concerns still persist regarding the interference of hemoglobin and its oxidation products with the vascular redox balance, potentially impeding its clinical usefulness. This article reviews our current understanding of heme-mediated toxicities and some of the emerging protective strategies used to overcome hemoglobin side reactions.