The effect of local heating on the calls of the fire—Bellied toad,Bombina Bombina (L.)

In order to determine where the characteristic temperature-dependent changes in calling rate, call duration and fundamental frequency of the call of the fire-bellied toad originate, I heated the head and other parts of the body to various temperatures. The greatest increase in calling rate occured when the head was heated; it varied with the amount of heating. The changes in calling rate and call duration brought about by heating were equally rapid, whereas the frequency of the call increased more slowly. This suggests that both calling rate and call duration change as a direct result of the effect of heat upon the nervous system.     

Bastardierung von Flußbarsch (Perca fluviatilis L.) und Kaulbarsch (Acerina cernua L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Licht- und elektronenoptische Untersuchungen anPolystictus versicolor (L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 14 TextabbildungenHerrn Prof. Dr.Theodor Herzog zum 80. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet.     

Licht- und elektronenoptische Untersuchungen anPolystictus versicolor (L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 118 Textabbildungen     

Temperature dependence of visual fusion frequency in Rana lessonae cam., Bufo bufo L. and Bombina bombina (L.) (Amphibia)

The electroretinogram (ERG) was used to measure the flicker-fusion frequencies of Rana lessonae, Bufo bufo and Bombina bombina over the temperature range 5–25°C. In all three species the fusion frequency increased with increasing temperature. In the intermediate range of temperatures, the fusion frequencies of Rana lessonae and Bombina bombina doubled when the temperature was raised by 10°C.     

Morphologische Unterscheidungsmerkmale zwischen Wolfs-(Canis lupus L.) und Hundeschädel (Canis familiaris L.)

European Journal of Wildlife Research - Durch Vergleich von 145 Wolfsschädeln mit 165 Schädeln großer Hunde fand der Verfasser sieben Merkmale am Schädel und ein Merkmal am...     

Fat and glycogen utilization in the larynx muscles of fire-bellied toads (Bombina bombina L.) during calling activity

Summary Both fat and glycogen are present in abundance in the larynx muscles of anurans. To clarify their role, the Musculus dilatator laryngis of the male fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina was studied.In untreated males, the mean fat content of this larynx muscle was 14%; the muscle contained glycogen amounting to 57% of that measured in the liver tissue of the same animal. After thirteen days of continual calling activity induced by administration of a gonadotropin, the fat content fell to 6%, the glycogen to 34%. The fat content was essentially unchanged (13%) by four hours of electrical stimulation of the muscle; the glycogen content, however, had fallen to 42% after this treatment. Neither component was altered in amount by castration, the fat content being about 13% and that of glycogen, 52%. Nor did treatment with gonadotropic hormone reduce either the fat content (13%) or the amount of glycogen (59%).From these results it was concluded that fats represent a direct source of energy for the larynx muscles, which is used up gradually over long periods of calling. The glycogen in these muscles, on the other hand, is a short-term store sufficient to supply energy for only a few hours of calling activity.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Metamorphic variations in the hemoglobins of Bombina variegata (L.).

1. The electrophoretic pattern of the anuran Bombina variegata presents one band only until the end of premetamorphosis. Afterwards three new bands appear which substitute the larval band within 15-18 days of metamorphosis. 2. The gradual change of larval and adult hemoglobin, correlated with the development, has been reported in a diagram. 3. In Bombina variegata the hemoglobin change is total, like in most amphibians, but starts earlier and develops slower than in most other species.     

The mating call of hybrids of the fire-bellied toad and yellow-bellied toad (Bombina bombina (L.), Bombina v. variegata (L.), discoglossidae,anura)

Summary Male hybrids obtained by crossing Bombina bombina with Bombina v. variegata displayed calling behavior when treated with hormones at the age of about 12 months. The mating calls of the hybrids are intermediate with respect to rate, duration, inter-call interval, and fundamental frequency between the calls of the two purebred species.     

Vernalisation,Licht und Alter beiArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

Zusammenfassung Pflanzen der winterannuellenArabidopsis-RasseStockholm, 0–91 Tage vor Beginn einer 40tägigen Lichtvernalisation ausgesät, blühten am frühesten, wenn sie vor der Vernalisation bei geringerer und nach der Vernalisation bei höherer Lichtintensität aufgewachsen waren. Durch die umgekehrte Kombination (höhere Intensität vor, geringere nach der Kältebehandlung) wurde der Blühbeginn am stärksten verzögert.Unabhängig von den Lichtverhältnissen vor, während und nach der Kältebehandlung sprachen unter den Bedingungen dieses Versuches 7 Tage alte Keimlinge auf eine 40tägige Vernalisation am wenigsten an. Der Zeitpunkt geringster Vernalisierbarkeit wird also auch nicht durch die vor und nach der Vernalisation herrschende Lichtintensität bestimmt.Mit 2 Textabbildungen     

The Vascularization of the Kidneys in Bufo bufo (L.), Bombina variegata (L.), Rana ridibunda (L.) and Xenopus laevis (D.) (Amphibia,Anura) as Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts

Abstract The vascular patterns of the ventral side of the kidneys in Bufo bufo and Rana ridibunda is similar. Strong venulae renales revehentes dominate. In Bombina variegata and Xenopus laevis, however, also many superficially located glomeruli are found at the ventral side. In Xenopus further branching of the renal arteries into afferent arterioles attracts attention. Bundles of delicate afferent arterioles originate within circumscribed areas of the renal artery. The glomerular layer of the kidney is tightest in Bombina, and has its maximal extension in Rana. It covers up to 2/3 of the thickness of the kidney while in the other species studied the glomeruli are restricted to the ventral third of the kidney. Glomeruli with double afferent or efferent arterioles were rarely found in Xenopus. The vascularization of the dorsal side of the kidneys is characterized by the presence of large (Bufo, Rana, Xenopus) or small (Bombina) venulae renales advehentes.     

Licht- und Temperaturabhängigkeit der CO2-Assimilation von Fichte (Picea excelsa Link), Zirbe (Pinus cembra L.) und Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuus L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 11 TextabbildungenHerrn Prof. Dr.Adolf Sperlich zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.