柴达木盆地渐新世的鲤科鱼类化石

记述了首次发现于柴达木盆地早渐新世晚期至晚渐新世早期(距今27～29 Ma)的鲤科鱼类化石。材料包括咽骨、咽齿、匙骨、腹鳍骨及一些零散的鳍条。咽骨及咽齿化石与原始鲃亚科鱼类及裂腹鱼亚科裂腹鱼属鱼类的相似;腹鳍骨化石与原始鲃亚科鱼类的更相似。鲃亚科鱼类现今分布于北纬35°以南的亚洲、欧洲南部及非洲北部;裂腹鱼属鱼类分布局限于青藏高原东、南、西面的边缘区域,在柴达木盆地没有分布。柴达木盆地水系现生鱼类仅见适于高寒环境的高度特化等级的裂腹鱼亚科鱼类及鳅科高原鳅属鱼类,鱼类组成与早渐新世晚期至晚渐新世早期的不尽相同。     

云南禄丰古猿化石地点的豪猪化石

描述了产自云南禄丰古猿化石地点的豪猪化石禄丰豪猪 (新种 ) (Hystrixlufengensissp .nov.)。这是一种较原始的豪猪。它的个体中等 ;两上颊齿列往前靠近 ;下颌骨骨体较低 ,齿隙稍凹 ,其前端高于下颊齿冠面 ;颊齿齿冠较低 ;上颊齿舌侧沟横向较短 ;P4大 ,前尖通常孤立 ,中附尖很发达 ,不与中脊连 ;M3较少退化 ;上颊齿具 3齿根 ,大的内侧齿根具明显纵沟 ;下颊齿通常具 4齿根等。形态结构分析表明 ,H .lufengensis仅比H .parvae进步 ,比H .primigenia和H .sivalensis及其他种都原始。它可能代表亚洲目前已知最早、最原始的豪猪。其产出时代为晚中新世保德期 (狭义 )的较早期 (距今约 8Ma)。     

始新世古食肉类新材料

始新统上部地层,是我国发现早第三纪哺乳动物化石最多的层位。但是,除内蒙地区外,发现的食肉类化石异常稀少。本文中报道了五种食肉类的化石,对了解动物群的性质和对比关系,有一定的意义。 (1)西洲砂犬?Thinocyon sichowensis Chow(sp.nov.) 杨钟健、卞美年(Young and Bien,1935,p.227,fig.1)曾描述过一种食肉类化石,采自山东新泰西周,认为可能是一种翼齿兽(?Pterodon sp.). 这个标本没有疑问是一种Hyaenodontidae科的动物,但显然不是一种翼齿兽,而是一种比后者小得多和非常原始的湖犬亚科(Limnocyoninae)的鼬状肉齿类。标本上可见到的     

铲齿象一新种在甘肃省党河地区下中新统的发现

记述了甘肃省党河地区的铲齿象化石一新种———党河铲齿象 (Platybelodondangheen sis)。其主要特征是 :下颌联合和下门齿构成宽短的铲形 ;下门齿薄 ,由单层稀少的齿柱组成 ;具较大的p3 ,p4前窄后宽 ,前齿带和跟座较小 ,m1构造简单 ,齿冠较低 ,第一齿脊无前斜脊 ,前齿带和后跟座较小。它是欧亚大陆目前所知时代最早 (早中新世 )、构造最原始的一种铲齿象。     

广西南宁渐新世基于咽齿的鲤亚科一新属（英文）

记述了产自广西南宁盆地渐新世早—中期的鲤科鲤亚科一新属种——伍氏南宁鲤(?Nanningocyprinus wui gen.et sp.nov)。化石材料包括一些咽喉骨和咽齿。这些咽喉骨和咽齿的以下特征组合明显不同于其他鲤科鱼类:齿式—3·2·1,主行第一枚咽齿大小是第二枚的3~4倍,第二枚咽齿及第二行第一枚咽齿咀嚼面上各仅有一条沟纹,咽骨前角很发育。该属种的发现进一步证明鲤亚科是鲤科中较早的分支,中国南方很有可能是鲤亚科的起源和分化中心。     

广西南宁渐新世基于咽齿的鲤亚科一新属

记述了产自广西南宁盆地渐新世早—中期的鲤科鲤亚科一新属种——伍氏南宁鲤(+Nanningocyprinus wui gen.et sp.nov).化石材料包括一些咽喉骨和咽齿.这些咽喉骨和咽齿的以下特征组合明显不同于其他鲤科鱼类:齿式-3·2·1,主行第一枚咽齿大小是第二枚的3～4倍,第二枚咽齿及第二行第一枚咽齿咀嚼面上各仅有一条沟纹,咽骨前角很发育.该属种的发现进一步证明鲤亚科是鲤科中较早的分支,中国南方很有可能是鲤亚科的起源和分化中心.     

嵴齿鼷鹿在我国首次发现

1964年古脊椎动物与古人类研究所新疆考察队在准噶尔盆地南缘进行调查时,在同一层中发现了一个属于Paraceratherium型的巨犀头骨、少量肢骨及一段偶蹄类的下牙床。巨犀化石将茌另文报导;偶蹄类化石,经研究,证实应属于一类原始的鼷鹿化石——嵴齿鼷鹿(Lophiomeryx)。原始鼷鹿化石在我国极少发现,过去仅在内蒙乌拉乌苏发现过一种     

安徽嘉山晚古新世哺乳动物群

记述了在安徽省嘉山县土金山晚中新世地层中发现的 7种哺乳动物化石 ,其中包括两个新种———翟氏肉齿兽 ?(Sarcodon ?zhaiisp .nov.)和原始皖柱兽 (Wanostylopspromissussp .nov.)。这是目前为止有关嘉山土金山动物群最为全面的一次报道。动物群的性质表明含化石的土金山组的时代为晚古新世 ,很可能相当于格沙头期或稍早。     

新疆玛纳斯古近纪—新的鲤科鱼类

记述了新疆玛纳斯古近纪安集海河组发现的鲤科(Cyprinidae)一新属、种——刘氏天山鱼(Tianshanicus liui gen.et sp.nov.)。新属具有臀鳍分叉鳍条多于7根、体长形稍侧扁、口端位、下咽齿近锥形而齿尖前后略侧扁、背鳍和臀鳍均无硬棘、背鳍起点略在腹鳍起点之后以及尾鳍深分叉等特征,表明它应属于雅罗鱼亚科(Leuciscinae sensu Cavender & Coburn,1992)。然而,它又具有额骨前宽后窄、顶骨长方形、膜质蝶耳骨很大、齿骨冠状突较低、鳃盖骨近长方形等特征而有别于本亚科中其他属。值得注意的是,这些特征却见诸于现生的胭脂鱼类Myxocyprinus中,这将对研究雅罗鱼类的起源很有意义。根据鱼化石和哺乳化石的证据,认为含鱼层的时代为晚始新世。     

壳斗科的地质历史及其系统学和植物地理学意义

在收集整理现有壳斗科化石资料的基础上,讨论了壳斗科及其各属的起源时间、地史分布和地史 演替过程以及这些化石资料在系统学和植物地理学上的意义。白垩纪尚无壳斗科可靠的大化石记录, 微化石需要进一步研究才能确定亲缘关系以及古新世壳斗科已经分化出两个类群。从以上这些事实推 论壳斗科起源于白垩纪晚期,而壳斗科现代各属出现的时间应不晚于古新世。最早发现的壳斗科化石和现代栗亚科和水青冈亚科在形态结构上非常相似,这一事实表明,壳斗科分为两个亚科的观点更接近客观事实。在水青冈亚科中,三棱栎类的化石最早出现;在栎属中,青冈亚属更接近祖先类群;在地史中全缘栎类较具齿栎类出现早,粗齿的落叶栎类出现最晚。三棱栎属、栲属和石栎属的化石在老第三纪出现于北美和欧洲的事实说明,北美、欧洲和东亚在老第三纪时有一个相通的壳斗科植物区系。南美的三棱栎是通过北美进入南美的。中国横断山、欧洲地中海沿岸和北美西北部有一类形态特征相似、亲缘关系相近的硬叶栎类,它们之间有相同的地质演替历史,它们现代分布边界可能就是古地中海的边界。美洲的栎类有两个来源,常绿硬叶栎类是通过古地中海沿岸而经北美-欧洲陆桥到达的,落叶栎类则是在中新世以后通过白令海峡到达的。     

New adapiform primate of Old World affinities from the Devil's Graveyard Formation of Texas

Most adapiform primates from North America are members of an endemic radiation of notharctines. North American notharctines flourished during the Early and early Middle Eocene, with only two genera persisting into the late Middle Eocene. Here we describe a new genus of adapiform primate from the Devil’s Graveyard Formation of Texas. Mescalerolemur horneri, gen. et sp. nov., is known only from the late Middle Eocene (Uintan) Purple Bench locality. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Mescalerolemur is more closely related to Eurasian and African adapiforms than to North American notharctines. In this respect, M. horneri is similar to its sister taxon Mahgarita stevensi from the late Duchesnean of the Devil’s Graveyard Formation. The presence of both genera in the Big Bend region of Texas after notharctines had become locally extinct provides further evidence of faunal interchange between North America and East Asia during the middle Eocene. The fact that Mescalerolemur and Mahgarita are both unknown outside of Texas also supports prior hypotheses that low-latitude faunal assemblages in North America demonstrate increased endemism by the late middle Eocene.     

EOCENE FLORAL EVIDENCE OF LAURACEAE: CORROBORATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MEGAFOSSIL RECORD

Numerous megafossils of Lauraceae have been reported from the early Tertiary of North America, but the subfamilial affinities are usually not well understood due to the great morphological variability found in extant taxa. The flowers of Androglandula tennessensis gen. et sp. nov. Taylor, from the Middle Eocene Claiborne Formation, are six-parted, pedicellate, bracteate, and have stamens with paired basal staminal glands. The flowers have ethereal oil cells and paracytic stomates throughout. The fossil species has affinities with the subtribe Cinnamomineae, and this supports suggestions that the Middle Eocene climate of the southeastern U.S. was subtropical. The existence of this fossil, and reports of the subtribe from the Eocene of Europe, indicate a South American-North American-European-southeast Asian paleodistribution suggesting that extinction in North America and Europe was the cause of the tribe's current disjunct distribution.     

A NEW HYOPSODUS FROM THE EARLY EOCENE OF FANGXIAN, HUBEI

CondylarthraCoPe,l88lHyopsodontidaeTrouessart,l879HyopsodusLeidy,l87oHyopsodusfangxianensissp.nov.TypeArightmendibularfragmelltpreservingml-ln3(IVPPVl2oo5).LocalityandhorizonLuojiagou,Fangx1anCou11ty,HubeiProvince;EarlyEoceneYoupingFormation.Diagnosism24.5mmlong.Thelel1gthofm1a11dm2ncar1yequal.m1andm2re1ativelywideafldIObustwhilem3narrowands1cn(ler.Noparaconidandme-tasty1idonthemo1ars.Hypoconu11dmoredevelopedandsituatednearthemiddleofthetoothonthefirsttwolowermolars-EtymologyTrivia…     

Dietary ecospace and the diversity of euprimates during the Early and Middle Eocene

This study examined adapoid and omomyoid euprimate dietary and body size diversity from the Eocene of North America and Europe. Estimates of body weights and shearing quotients calculated from lower molars were plotted on a coordinate graph as a representation of dietary niche space (dietary ecospace) occupied by extinct species. By computing the areas, average intertaxon distances, and average distances from the centroid of the resulting polygons, comparisons of Eocene euprimate dietary and body size diversity were made. Results indicate that euprimate dietary niche space expanded significantly in North America from the Early to Middle Eocene, and at all times during the Early and Middle Eocene, the niche space occupied by North American euprimates exceeded that of corresponding European euprimates. These results confirm that fossil euprimate diversity, as measured by diet and body size, significantly differed across biogeographic areas. There are many possible explanations as to why North American euprimates were significantly more diverse in terms of diet and body size than their European counterparts. The explanation advocated here as most responsible for the increased diversity during the Early and Middle Eocene relates to the existence and increased sampling of more ecologically diverse environments, such as basin margins in the western interior of North America. These diverse environments could have promoted biological processes that led to the generation of increased diversity in North America compared to the isolated island refugia of Western Europe during this time.     

内蒙古中始新世一似ameghinornithid鸟类(鸟纲:Cariamae:Ameghinornithidae?)

内蒙古二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面(相当于伊尔丁曼哈组)的中始新世早期地层中新发现的一件标本显示其属于一个与ameghinornithid相似的种,代表了Ameghinomithidae在亚洲的首个记录.新标本具有外踝半圆形,缺失骨质腱桥,伸肌沟外侧具有大而平的结节,以及其他与ameghinomithid和似ameghinomithid鸟类共有的特征.内蒙古标本与欧洲最古老的ameghinomithids记录大体属同一时代(约48 Ma).与同时期内蒙古哺乳动物群主要由亚洲类群组成兼有少量与北美有关的绝灭类群不同,这类鸟类中始新世时在北美缺失,而存在于欧洲和亚洲.加上埃及法尤姆早渐新世地层中发现的似ameghinomithid鸟类,这类已经绝灭的鸟类的地理分布似乎比过去所认为的要广泛得多.     

New Eocene fossil fruits and leaves of Menispermaceae from the central Tibetan Plateau and their biogeographic implications

Menispermaceae are a pantropical and temperate family with an extensive fossil record during the Paleogene period, especially in North America and Europe, but with much less evidence from Asia. The latest fossil evidence indicates a succession of tropical to subtropical flora on the central Tibetan Plateau during the Paleogene. However, the biogeographic histories of these floras are still unresolved. Here, we report on endocarps and leaves of Menispermaceae from the Middle Eocene of Jianglang village, Bangor County, central Tibetan Plateau. The endocarps belong to two genera: Stephania, which is characterized by a horseshoe-shaped endocarp and with one lateral crest ornamented by spiny to rectangular ribs, and a condyle area; and Cissampelos (s.l.), which has two characteristic lateral ridges and a conspicuous external condyle. Associated leaves belong to the genus Menispermites, and are characterized by actinodromous primary venation, brochidodromous secondary veins, entire margins, and the presence of marginal secondary veins. The biogeographic history of Menispermaceae is complex, but evidence from these new fossils indicates an early diversification of the group in Asia, probably in response to the warming climate during the Eocene. The Jianglang flora appears to be part of a boreotropical flora, connecting Asia with North American and European floras during the Middle Eocene. The modern distribution of menispermaceous taxa found in Jianglang, as well as other families represented in the Jianglang flora, show that a tropical to subtropical climate occurred during the Eocene in central Tibet.     

A NEW MICROCHOERINE OMOMYID (PRIMATES, MAMMALIA) FROM THE ENGLISH EARLY EOCENE AND ITS PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract:  A new genus and species of omomyid primate, Melaneremia bryanti , is described from the Early Eocene Blackheath Beds of Abbey Wood, London, UK. It shares unique derived characters with the European subfamily Microchoerinae and is its most primitive member. It is nevertheless more derived than the primitive omomyid Teilhardina belgica from the beginning of the European Eocene. Cladistic analysis shows that the Microchoerinae are sister group to a clade comprising subfamilies Omomyinae and Anaptomorphinae, but excluding Teilhardina belgica and T. asiatica , which are stem omomyids. The Mammalian Dispersal Event (MDE), which marks the beginning of the Eocene (55·8 Ma), saw the dispersal of primates, perissodactyls and artiodactyls into the Northern Hemisphere. At this time similar species of Teilhardina lived in Europe, Asia and North America. The Abbey Wood microchoerine lived about 1 million years later. It co-occurs with non-primate species identical or very similar to those that lived in North America. The latter were ground-dwellers, whereas the microchoerine and others that show distinct differences from North American relatives were tree-dwellers. Land-bridges connected North America and Europe via Greenland at the beginning of the Eocene, but 2 million years later these had been severed by submarine rifting. North American species at Abbey Wood indicate that a land connection still remained at c . 55 Ma. However, the forest belt that must have been continuous during the MDE to allow tree-dwellers to disperse between the continents is likely by this time to have been disrupted, perhaps by volcanic eruption.     

试论晚白垩世以来气候、地理等因素的变化对鼍类的进化及地理分布等影响

现存的鼍属只有两个种:即东亚的扬子鳄及北美的密河鳄。虽然这两个种的性质、纬度分布以及生态环境等都十分相似;但两者的水平分布的距离却几有地球的半圈。本文根据有关鼍类的进化、迁徙等的历史资料,对此进行了初步的探讨。     

The Phytogeography of the extinct angiosperm Nordenskioeldia (Trochodendraceae) and its response to climate changes

Elucidating the spatio-temporal distributions of terrestrial plants is a key for interpreting the origin of distribution patterns and the tempo of intercontinental disjunction. Nordenskioeldia was distributed in eastern Asia and North America from the Late Cretaceous to the Miocene. Its fossil record provides important information on former patterns of disjunction and dispersal in the Northern Hemisphere. New specimens from the Paleocene of China allow us to further extend the history of the group and provide the impetus to review its distribution in space and time. The comparative morphological survey on fossil Nordenskioeldia found in the Paleocene sediments in both eastern Asia and North America confirms that they belonged to the same morpho-species, which indicates a close floristic continuity between both continents due to land connection available during that time. The spatio-temporal distributions of Nordenskioeldia indicate that the taxon probably expanded eastward from eastern Asia into North America by the end of Early/Middle Maastrichtian, subsequently colonized Greenland, northeastern North America and Spitsbergen in the Early Paleocene, and finally became extinct in the Miocene. The fluctuations in its northern limits took place in response to climate changes: warming from the Paleocene to the Eocene, cooling during the Eocene–Oligocene and amelioration during the Late Oligocene–Mid-Miocene.     

广东南雄古新世一新的裂齿类

记述了广东南雄盆地早～中古新世上湖组上部发现的裂齿目一新属新种──杨氏华南兽（Ｈｕａｎａｎｉｕｓ ｙｏｕｎｇｉ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。新属在上、下前日齿不臼齿化,上臼齿无次尖,下臼齿三角座和跟座均呈Ｖ形等方面显得原始。但在颊齿单面高冠,上臼齿原尖前、后脊分别与前、后附尖相连,小尖发育,具初始的次尖架,下臼齿略呈双曲拱柱状,具下后附尖等方面显示了向典型的裂齿类方向发展。