模拟降雨下麻栎林地表径流和壤中流及氮素流失特征

为探讨人工林地地表径流和壤中流产流机制及其氮素流失规律,选择鲁中南山区典型林地麻栎林为研究对象,采用模拟降雨试验方法,研究麻栎林与荒草地的产流及氮素流失特征。结果表明:(1)麻栎林的总产流量、地表径流量、壤中流量分别是荒草地的80.5%、61.4%、162.2%。地表径流产流呈不断增加且趋于稳定的特征;壤中流产流时间明显滞后于地表径流的,产流过程径流量波动比较小,保持相对稳定。地表径流量和壤中流量随时间的变化过程可分别通过对数函数和多项式函数进行模拟。(2)麻栎林的全氮总流失浓度、地表径流全氮流失浓度、壤中流全氮流失浓度为11.5、13.1、8.9 mg/L,分别比荒草地低19.0%、13.8%、8.2%。地表径流全氮流失浓度一般前期较大,而后递减并趋于稳定;壤中流全氮流失浓度在整个产流过程中保持相对稳定。地表径流和壤中流全氮流失浓度随降雨时间的变化过程可分别通过幂函数和多项式函数进行模拟。(3)在整个降雨产流过程中,麻栎林和荒草地的地表径流量分别占总产流量的61.8%和81.1%,麻栎林和荒草地的地表径流全氮流失量分别占全氮总流失量的70.4%和87.0%,径流、氮素的流失都以地表径流为主。与荒草地相比,麻栎林具有明显增加壤中流,减少氮素流失效果。     

灌丛高度对啮齿动物贮藏和扩散辽东栎坚果的影响

本文选择高、矮两类灌丛生境, 于2002 年至2003 年在其中释放标记的辽东栎坚果, 并连续记录释放坚果的命运, 以了解生境差异对啮齿动物搬运、取食和贮藏辽东栎坚果的影响以及啮齿动物对微生境的选择等。研究结果表明, 大林姬鼠等啮齿动物对辽东栎坚果的短期取食非常强烈, 而分散贮藏的量则相对较少; 啮齿动物对辽东栎坚果的搬运距离在矮灌丛生境中显著大于高灌丛生境; 啮齿动物倾向于选择灌丛边缘和灌丛下方取食或贮藏辽东栎坚果, 这类微生境也有利于埋藏坚果的萌发。     

干旱河谷微生境变化对乡土植物幼苗定植的影响

干旱区植被斑块状分布格局引起的微生境差异对植被更新影响显著。气候变化和人类活动扰动下, 干旱区生态系统微生境多样化, 急需揭示乡土植物定植对不同微生境斑块变化的响应及其种间差异性, 并采用微生境调控技术促进退化生态系统植被恢复。该研究选择岷江干旱河谷区自然分布的灌木、半灌木和裸地微生境斑块, 采用移栽鞍叶羊蹄甲(Bauhinia brachycarpa)幼苗的试验方法, 揭示微生境变化对幼苗定植的影响; 进一步以极端退化的道路边坡为案例, 通过6种乡土植物种子直播试验探讨微生境调控技术及其对乡土植物幼苗定植的促进作用。结果显示, 在自然生态系统中, 裸地斑块上幼苗保存率和生物量显著大于植被斑块, 表明裸地微生境有利于幼苗定植; 养分添加仅对裸地斑块中幼苗生物量积累有促进作用。在裸地斑块中, 叶片生物量所占的比例和比叶面积较小, 相反根和茎生物量所占的比例较大。道路边坡上植被恢复试验结果显示, 6种乡土植物均能较好地适应土石混杂的边坡生境, 多数物种出苗率大于60%; 灌木幼苗保存率大于75%, 并且形成镶嵌式乡土灌草群落结构。地表覆盖和养分添加提高了边坡上种子出苗率和幼苗保存率, 促进了幼苗定植和结构稳定。该研究提供了有效促进工程边坡上乡土植物定植的方法, 可为干旱、半干旱生态系统退化荒坡和工程破坏地乡土植被恢复提供理论依据和技术指导。     

内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对水分再分配和利用的影响

灌丛化是全球草原地区存在的主要环境问题。通过对内蒙古典型草原区小叶锦鸡儿灌丛和草地斑块冠层降雨再分配、地表径流、土壤含水量的对比观测,研究了小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对该区水分再分配和利用的影响。结果表明,灌丛和草地斑块的冠层截留量分别占降雨量的20.86%和7.88%,灌丛和草地斑块的平均地表径流系数分别为5.95%和17.19%。土壤含水量观测结果显示,0—60 cm土层中,降雨事件过程中,灌丛斑块较草地斑块能捕获更多水分,灌丛斑块植被冠层下方土壤含水量高于草地斑块;而在雨后无有效降水补充土壤水分的前提下,0—60 cm土层中,灌丛斑块土壤水分蒸散发量高于草地斑块,其中0—10cm土层中灌丛斑块土壤水分蒸散发速率低于草地斑块,10—60 cm土层中灌丛斑块土壤水分蒸散发速率高于草地斑块。研究认为,在水分为关键性限制因子的干旱半干旱区,小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化过程增加草原生态系统中水分分布的空间异质性,灌丛斑块能捕获、利用更多水分以维持更多的生物量。     

长江三峡库区蝶类群落的等级多样性指数

在三峡库区蝶类物种多样性调查基础上,从等级多样性角度进行分析,结果表明,蝴蝶属级,科级和等级多样性指数在灌丛生境较高,森林、农田和草地生境多样性较低;非参数检验和方差分析结果表明4种生境在属级和等级多样性上差异显著,灌丛生境和其他生境差异显著。海拔500-1500m高度,蝴蝶的生物多样性相对较高,是库区蝴蝶最重要的生存地带。属级和科级多样性指数的变异系数在森林植被型样本间最大,前者有4个小生境在100％以上,后者有6个小生境超过100%;农田科的变异系数有1个小生境超过100%;草地的属和科变异系数均是1个小生境超过100%;灌丛则全部低于100%。这些数值,反映了三峡库区的形成对蝴蝶的生存及分布的产生了很大的影响,进一步证明库区蝶类生存环境的多样性和破碎化;其中,森林对蝴蝶生存的影响是最复杂的;通过蝴蝶做环境质量评估时,灌丛可作为首选考察对象。     

川西古尔沟农耕区冬季小型兽类的初步研究

将冬季川西古尔沟农耕区小型兽类生境划分为河岸灌丛、农田、山地灌丛3个生境,利用Shannon-Winer指数计算各群落的多样性和均匀性,发现各生境的冬季小型兽类群落都以社鼠为主要群落组成物种,其中河岸灌丛生境的物种多样性指数(H)和均匀性指数(E)分别是0.9219和0.5817;农田生境的H=0.6144,E=0.3876;山地灌丛生境的H=0.7959,E=0.3427.同时对各群落的优势种社鼠按臼齿磨损度划分年龄组,发现冬季只有成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、近老体组、老年组4个年龄阶段的个体,没有幼体组和亚成体组的个体.可以认为种群来年的繁殖力较稳定,不存在爆发的可能性.     

牧草覆盖对坡面土壤矿质氮素流失的影响

利用室内模拟降雨试验,探讨了降雨、地表径流以及土壤矿质氮素有效作用深度（effective depth of interaction, EDI）的确定方法,研究了牧草覆盖对土壤矿质氮素EDI和地表流失的影响.结果表明,牧草覆盖增加了地表径流与表层土壤的相互作用,导致水土混合体深度增加,较深土层的土壤矿质氮通过溶解和解吸作用、对流 扩散作用等方式进入到地表径流中,矿质氮EDI增加.覆盖度越大,EDI值越大.与裸地相比,60％、80％和100％覆盖度处理中径流矿质氮平均浓度分别增加了34.52％、32.67％和6.00％,地表径流量分别减少了4.72％、9.84％和12.89％,侵蚀泥沙量分别减少了83.55％、87.11％和89.01％.60％和100％覆盖度处理的矿质氮地表流失总量分别为裸地处理的95.73％和84.05％,而80％覆盖度处理则为裸地处理的109.04％.草地植被对矿质氮素地表流失有“双重效应”：加剧了矿质氮向地表径流中的释放,使径流养分浓度高于裸地浓度;不同程度地减少了地表径流量和泥沙量及其养分含量.两种效应共同决定了土壤矿质氮素的地表流失量.     

赣江下游典型蔬菜地地表径流的氮磷流失特征

在赣江下游代表性蔬菜地设置径流小区, 研究常规施肥条件下蔬菜地生态系统地表径流中氮、磷的流失状况。结果表明, 在连续多次监测期内, 自然降雨条件下常规施肥蔬菜地地表径流总氮平均浓度为10.32 mg⋅L–1, 总磷平均浓度为4.71 mg⋅L–1, 硝态氮与溶解性正磷酸盐是该区域蔬菜地降雨径流中氮、磷的主要存在形态, 故而地表径流流入至附近水体存在富营养化的风险。此外, 蔬菜地降雨径流中氮、磷流失量与降雨量呈极显著的正相关关系。研究表明, 施肥和降雨量是影响地表径流氮、磷流失的主要因素, 针对赣江下游蔬菜地氮、磷流失特点需制定相应的氮、磷流失的防治措施。     

内蒙古典型草原灌丛化对生物量和生物多样性的影响

通过样方调查,研究了内蒙古典型草原不同退化程度草地中小叶锦鸡儿 (Caragana microphylla Lam.)灌丛斑块空间分布格局、草地生物量及生物多样性特征。结果表明,从轻度到中度、重度退化草地,草本植物生物量呈减少趋势,小叶锦鸡儿生物量呈增加趋势,总生物量呈先减少后增加趋势;灌丛斑块生物多样性呈增加趋势,草地斑块生物多样性呈先减少后增加趋势,其中轻度退化草地中灌丛斑块生物多样性低于草地斑块,中度和重度退化草地中灌丛斑块生物多样性高于草地斑块。本研究认为,内蒙古典型草原灌丛化过程中,生态系统可能存在草本植物占优势或小叶锦鸡儿占优势这样两种稳定状态,这两种状态能维持较高生物量和生物多样性,而在由草本植物占优势向小叶锦鸡儿占优势转化的过渡阶段,系统不稳定,仅能维持较低生物量和生物多样性。     

牧草覆盖对坡面土壤矿质氮素流失的影响

利用室内模拟降雨试验,探讨了降雨、地表径流以及土壤矿质氮素有效作用深度（effective depth of interaction,EDI）的确定方法,研究了牧草覆盖对土壤矿质氮素EDI和地表流失的影响．结果表明,牧草覆盖增加了地表径流与表层土壤的相互作用,导致水土混合体深度增加,较深土层的土壤矿质氮通过溶解和解吸作用、对流-扩散作用等方式进入到地表径流中,矿质氮EDI增加．覆盖度越大,EDI值越大．与裸地相比,60％、80％和100％覆盖度处理中径流矿质氮平均浓度分别增加了34．52％、32．67％和6．00％,地表径流量分别减少了4．72％、9．84％和12．89％,侵蚀泥沙量分别减少了83．55％、87．11％和89．01％．60％和100％覆盖度处理的矿质氮地表流失总量分别为裸地处理的95．73％和84．05％,而80％覆盖度处理则为裸地处理的109．04％．草地植被对矿质氮素地表流失有“双重效应”：加剧了矿质氮向地表径流中的释放,使径流养分浓度高于裸地浓度;不同程度地减少了地表径流量和泥沙量及其养分含量．两种效应共同决定了土壤矿质氮素的地表流失量．     

Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habitats in Southern New Mexico: I. rainfall simulation experiments

Rainfall simulation experiments were performed in areas of semiarid grassland (Bouteloua eriopoda) and arid shrubland (Larrea tridentata) in the Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico. The objective was to compare the runoff of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from these habitats to assess whether losses of soil nutrients are associated with the invasion of grasslands by shrubs. Runoff losses from grass- and shrub-dominated plots were similar, and much less than from bare plots located in the shrubland. Weighted average concentrations of total dissolved N compounds in runoff were greatest in the grassland (1.72 mg/1) and lowest in bare plots in the shrubland (0.55 mg/1). More than half of the N transported in runoff was carried in dissolved organic compounds. In grassland and shrub plots, the total N loss was highly correlated to the total volume of discharge. We estimate that the total annual loss of N in runoff is 0.25 kg/ha/yr in grasslands and 0.43 kg/ha/yr in shrublands — consistent with the depletion of soil N during desertification of these habitats. Losses of P from both habitats were very small.     

Nutrient losses in runoff from grasslandand shrubland habitats in southern New Mexico: II. Field plots

Losses of dissolved nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na,Cl, and SO₄) in runoff were measured on grasslandand shrubland plots in the Chihuahuan desert ofsouthern New Mexico. Runoff began at a lowerthreshold of rainfall in shrublands than ingrasslands, and the runoff coefficient averaged 18.6%in shrubland plots over a 7-year period. In contrast,grassland plots lost 5.0 to 6.3% of incidentprecipitation in runoff during a 5.5-year period. Nutrient losses from shrubland plots were greater thanfrom grassland plots, with nitrogen losses averaging0.33 kg ha^–1 yr^–1 vs0.15 kg ha^–1 yr^–1, respectively, during a 3-year period. Thegreater nutrient losses in shrublands were due tohigher runoff, rather than higher nutrientconcentrations in runoff. In spite of these nutrientlosses in runoff, all plots showed net accumulationsof most elements due to inputs from atmosphericdeposition. Therefore, loss of soil nutrients byhillslope runoff cannot, by itself, account for thedepletion of soil fertility associated withdesertification in the Chihuahuan desert.     

Plant regulation of soil nutrient distribution in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

Vegetation throughout the southwestern United States has changed from perennial grassland to woody shrubland over the past century. Previous studies on the development of islands of fertility focused primarily on only the most limiting, plant-essential element, soil nitrogen (N). The research presented here addressed the question of whether other plant-essential elements, namely phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), showed similar concentration gradients under the desert shrub Larrea tridentata, creosotebush. It also examined whether the spatial distribution of N, P, and K differed from that of essential, but non-limiting nutrients, namely calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), and non-essential elements, namely sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and fluoride (F). Within adjacent grassland and shrubland plots, surface soils were collected under and between vegetation and analyzed for a suite of soil nutrients. Soil nutrient distribution followed a uniform pattern that mirrored the spatial homogeneity of bunchgrasses in the grassland, but followed a patchy distribution that mirrored the spatial heterogeneity of individual shrubs in the shrubland. The main differences were that in the grassland, all elements were uniformly distributed, but in the shrubland the plant-essential elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were concentrated under the shrub canopy, and the non-limiting and non-essential elements were either concentrated in the intershrub spaces or were equally concentrated under shrubs and in the interspaces. Our results show how vegetation shifts from grassland to shrubland contribute to long-term, widespread change in the structure and function of desert ecosystems.     

宁夏东部荒漠草原-灌丛地转变过程土壤氮素响应

选取近30年荒漠草原灌丛引入形成的典型草地-灌丛镶嵌体内部的荒漠草地、草地边缘、灌丛边缘、灌丛地为研究样地,对各样地及其微生境(植丛与空斑)相关土壤指标进行测定,以了解荒漠草地向灌丛地转变过程中土壤氮素的响应特征.结果 表明:随草地灌丛化转变,草本与灌丛生物量均增加,其中一年生草本随灌丛引入增加明显;土壤水分、全碳、全...     

Shrubs and species identity effects on the distribution and diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods in a Gobi desert

Disentangling the relationship between shrub vegetation and ground-dwelling arthropods at multiple levels of taxonomic resolution is essential to developing a suitable management strategy for the conservation of shrub-associated arthropod biodiversity in shrubland ecosystems. Using Gobi desert (dominated by shrub species Nitraria sphaerocarpa and Reaumuria soongorica) occurring widely in inland arid areas of northwest China as a model system, we sampled ground-dwelling arthropods by pitfall trapping method under canopies of both shrubs and in intershrub bare areas during spring, summer and autumn. Our aim was to determine whether the presence and species identity of shrubs influence the distribution of ground-dwelling arthropods and whether the influence of shrub presence and species identity differs among trophic and taxonomic groups. At the community level, total arthropod abundance and species richness were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats, whereas more arthropods were captured under N. sphaerocarpa than under R. soongorica. At the trophic group level, the abundance of predator and decomposer arthropods was significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats, whereas herbivore and decomposer arthropods were more abundant under N. sphaerocarpa than under R. soongorica. At the family level, the abundance of Carabidae, Gnaphosidae, Karschiidae, Tenebrionidae and Thomisidae was consistently much greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats, whereas that of Formicidae, Philodromidae and Tettigoniidae did not differ between the shrub microhabitats and the intershrub bare habitats. However, the abundance of Curculionidae under R. soongorica and the abundance of Geotrupidae under N. sphaerocarpa were significantly lower than that in intershrub bare habitats. N. sphaerocarpa was commonly preferred by arthropods in the families of Curculionidae and Tenebrionidae, whereas R. soongorica was commonly preferred by arthropods in the family Geotrupidae, but shrub species identity did not affect the abundance of the remaining families. Our results suggest that shrubs and species identity play important roles in structuring ground-dwelling arthropod communities, but the response of arthropods differed among trophic or taxonomic groups. This study may have important implications for the conservation of invertebrate biodiversity in Gobi desert ecosystems.     

Association between Plant Canopies and the Spatial Patterns of Infiltration in Shrubland and Grassland of the Chihuahuan Desert,New Mexico

Shrubs have invaded extensive areas of grassland in the southwestern United States. The zones of nutrient-rich soil found beneath plant canopies, referred to as “islands of fertility,” are more intense and spaced farther apart in shrubland than in grassland. This difference in the spatial pattern of soil nutrients may reinforce shrub invasion. Changes in water availability in the soil could also influence shrub invasion. Here we compare the spatial patterns of infiltration, defined as the total equivalent water depth entering the soil following individual rainfall events or summed over many events, at adjacent grass- and shrub-dominated sites in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. We use two infiltration data sets. First, following four rainfall events, we measured soil moisture and wetting front depth at 10-cm intervals along 24-m transects. We estimate infiltration from these data. Second, we use vertical arrays of soil moisture probes to compare infiltration between adjacent canopies and interspaces following 31 storms. In both the grassland and shrubland, infiltration is typically greater beneath plant canopies than beneath interspaces. Canopies are oases where soil moisture is higher than in the surrounding areas. However, infiltration is not greater beneath canopies when surface runoff is limited. In the shrubland, the canopy–interspace infiltration ratio increases as storm size, and therefore runoff, increases. This relationship also exists in the grassland, but it is not as strong or clear. The magnitude of spatial variability of infiltration is similar in shrubland and grassland. In addition, the distance over which infiltration is correlated is approximately 50 cm in both environments. Most of the spatial variability exists between the stem and canopy margin in the shrubland and straddling the canopy margin in the grassland. The most notable difference is that subcanopy oases are spread farther apart in the shrubland because canopies are separated by larger interspaces in this environment. Received 30 October 2001; accepted 1 August 2002.     

基于黄土高原关键带类型的土地利用与年径流产沙关系空间分异研究

区域植被恢复改变了土地利用类型,从而有效控制了水土流失,但土地利用与水土流失关系的空间分异尚未明晰。整合了黄土高原坡面径流小区试验观测研究文献59篇和1121条年径流产沙记录,以8大关键带类型作为空间分层依据,采用地理探测器分析了土地利用与年径流产沙关系的空间分异。结果显示：撂荒地的年均径流量和产沙量最高分别为35.99 mm和4208.82 g/m²,撂荒地、裸地和耕地的产流产沙能力显著高于人工草地、林地、自然草地和灌丛,灌丛和林地的年均产沙量显著低于人工和自然草地（P<0.05）;除了撂荒地的年均产沙量在山地森林关键带最高（16240.40 g/m²）外,在丘陵沟壑农林草交错关键带的撂荒地年均径流产沙显著高于丘陵农业-草地关键带,丘陵沟壑农林草交错关键带和丘陵农业-草地关键带裸地、耕地的产流产沙能力较高,人工草地和灌丛年均产沙量显著高于其他关键带类型（P<0.05）;在山地森林关键带的林地年均径流量、径流系数和产沙量最低,分别为1.56 mm、0.41%和307.36 g/m²,而自然草地在各关键带类型都有较高的年均产流量和较低的年均产沙量;坡面径流小区的局地特征（如土地利用、面积、坡度、坡长）是影响年径流产沙关键带分异的首要因素,且存在多因子互作、非线性增强的关系。这些结果表明植被恢复能有效地保持水土,但是区域植被恢复时需要选择合适的类型,黄土丘陵沟壑区应首选自然草地、灌丛和林地。研究可为黄土高原区域植被恢复的优化配置提供科学依据。     

Influences of shrub vegetation on distribution and diversity of a ground beetle community in a Gobi desert ecosystem

In shrubland ecosystems, shrubs as ecosystem engineers play an important role in structuring ground beetle communities. However, the influence of shrub vegetation on the distribution and diversity of ground beetles remains unknown in Gobi desert, northwest China, where shrubland is a major biome type. Using Gobi shrubland dominated by shrub species Nitraria sphaerocarpa and Reaumuria soongorica as a model system, we sampled ground beetle communities using a pitfall trapping method under canopies of both shrubs and in intershrub bare areas during spring, summer and autumn corresponding to the main period of beetle activity. Simultaneously, physical environment of the three microhabitats and plant characteristics of both shrubs were measured. We determined whether shrubs and species identity influence ground beetle distribution and diversity patterns and whether the response of beetles to the presence and species of shrubs is consistent across species. At the community level, total beetle abundance and species richness were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare areas, whereas more beetles were captured under N. sphaerocarpa than under R. soongorica. At the population level, eight dominant beetle species responded differently to the presence and species of shrubs. The abundance of Anatolica sp., Carabus sp., Cyphogenia chinensis, Microdera sp. and Sternoplax setosa was consistently much greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare areas, whereas the abundance of Blaps gobiensis, Lethrus apterus and Pterocoma reitteri under shrubs was similar to that in intershrub bare areas. The shrub N. sphaerocarpa was commonly preferred by Anatolica sp., C. chinensis and S. setosa, whereas the shrub R. soongorica was commonly preferred by L. apterus, but the abundance of B. gobiensis, Carabus sp., Microdera sp. and P. reitteri was unaffected by shrub species. Differences in the abundance, species richness and composition of ground beetles among microhabitat types were largely related to among-microhabitat differences in the physical environment and resource availability. Our results suggest that shrubs and species identity play key roles in structuring ground beetle communities, but their influence differed between species. This study emphasizes the importance of protecting shrub habitats for the maintenances of beetle biodiversity in this Gobi desert ecosystem.     

Effects of the expansion by Hippophaë rhamnoides on plant species richness in coastal dunes

Question: Is the expansion of Hippophaë rhamnoides in coastal dunes associated with a decline in plant species richness, and is this decline best described by a hump‐backed relationship between species number and shrub cover? Location: Grey and yellow dunes on the East Frisian islands Spiekeroog and Norderney. Methods: Total plant species richness as well as the number of herbaceous and cryptogam species were determined in 2001 using plots of 16 m² size. We compared shrubland plots with varying cover of Hippophaë with neighbouring dune grassland plots without shrubs as reference sites. Soil samples were collected to determine the values of some important edaphic variables (pH, organic matter, nitrogen). Results: The shrubland plots with Hippophaë had or tended to have lower soil pH and C/N ratios and higher contents of organic matter and nitrogen than the grassland plots. Total species richness was marginally significantly related to the cover of Hippophaë in a hump‐backed manner on both islands. The pattern was more pronounced for mosses and lichens than for herbaceous species. For all species groups on Spiekeroog and for the herbaceous species on Norderney, the hump‐backed relationship was much improved when using the difference in species number between shrubland and grassland plot as a dependent variable. Relationships could be improved by including the soil parameters as co‐variables. Species richness was highest at moderate levels of shrub expansion, while it was much reduced in very dense shrubland. The decrease in species number is caused by the decline in grassland species typical of the open dunes, including some rare taxa. Conclusions: The expansion of Hippophaë rhamnoides is a serious threat to the plant species richness of open coastal dunes, and needs to be counteracted by management measures.     

宁夏东部荒漠草原向灌丛地人为转变过程中土壤胞外酶活性响应

以宁夏东部荒漠草原-灌丛地典型镶嵌体内部荒漠草地、草地边缘、灌丛边缘、灌丛地为对象,对各样地植丛和空斑下土壤特性及6种土壤胞外酶活性(纤维二糖水解酶、β-1,4-木糖苷酶、β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶、β-1,4-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶)进行分析,研究荒漠草原向灌丛地人为转变过程中胞外酶的响应特征。结果表明: 荒漠草原向灌丛地转变过程中,土壤水分、有机碳、全氮、全磷、微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮均显著降低,且灌丛地显著低于草地26.0%～88.5%;除草地边缘土壤水分、有机碳空斑略高于植丛外,其他指标均表现为各样地植丛显著高于空斑3.9%～82.3%。6类土壤胞外酶活性在转变过程中均呈下降趋势,降幅为22.1%～82.4%,其中亮氨酸氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶降低最为显著,分别降低82.4%和75.5%;除灌丛地β-1,4-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶在空斑显著高于植丛外,其他胞外酶活性均表现为各样地植丛高于空斑10.7%～42.7%;转变过程中6类胞外酶活性之间呈显著正相关,且均与土壤特性呈不同程度正相关,其中各类土壤胞外酶活性对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及全氮响应较为积极。