共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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蓝藻水华预报是应对水危机,保障水资源供给的一项重要工作。以太湖北部三湾(竺山湖、梅梁湾、贡湖)为研究对象,采用动态空间环境建模技术,构建了蓝藻水华预报模型,并通过实地观测建立了模拟的初始参数集。利用2008年04-09月太湖水环境、气象等实测数据,采用遗传算法优化叶绿素a浓度预报模型中敏感度较高的4个参数。研究结果表明,该模型在蓝藻水华空间分布的预报上达到了一定的精度;采用遗传算法能全面、高效地进行参数优化,降低了模拟结果的相对残差,提高了模型预报精度。 相似文献
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针对内蒙古乌梁素海面临的污染现状,基于三维环境流体动力学模型(EFDC)的计算模式,将其与CE-QUAL-ICM模型耦合,模拟了不同情景下的乌梁素海藻类、总氮、总磷、化学需氧量年际和季节变化规律,模型中不仅考虑了风速和蒸发对模型的影响,也加入了挺水植物密度、高度、直径等形态指标,以此反映水生植物存在的区域中植物吸收降解污染物质、风速对底部应力、流场变化等因素对模型模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明:考虑挺水植物分布的耦合模型能够很好的模拟藻类和污染物质在乌梁素海内的年际、季节变化过程,模拟结果更接近于实际,模拟值与实测值间的相对误差基本控制在30%以内,大部分相对误差已控制在20%以内;降低入湖污染物质负荷直接影响着湖区内水质浓度的变化。另外,对于浅水或挺水植物密集而无法进入取得信息的区域,利用所建耦合模型能够为这些区域湖泊规划、管理、修复提供依据。 相似文献
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鱼类栖息地适宜性指数模型(HSI)基于鱼类分布与海洋环境之间存在的非线性关系而构建。然而,海洋环境因子之间存在着传统方法无法消除的相关性,导致获取的HSI参数较难准确表达环境因子与渔场之间的复杂关系。基于遗传算法(GA),自动消除海洋环境因子之间的相关性,构建了一种通用的鱼类HSI建模与智能优化框架(GeneHSI)。GeneHSI框架的核心是HSI建模空间向遗传算法空间的映射以及GA适应度函数的构建。该函数构建的思想是HSI预测的渔场概率与商业捕捞获取的渔场概率之间的累计误差值达到最小化。GeneHSI由待解问题构建、GA初始化和GA优化策略3部分组成。利用随机生成的标准化海洋环境数据与渔场概率数据,验证了GeneHSI模型框架的有效性。研究表明,GeneHSI能够有效优化HSI的建模并能自动获取HSI参数。不同限制条件下,遗传算法获取的HSI具有较大的差异,其中一般优化策略下获取的HSI参数最差;不等式、等式和上下界条件下,GeneHSI优化过程显著地更加合理,因此获取的HSI参数也更准确。此外,100、1000、5000和10000样本量下的优化建模表明,GeneHSI具有处理海量样本数据的能力。 相似文献
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为评估湖泊渔业模式转型阶段水环境的时空动态,选择长江中下游典型湖泊龙感湖为研究地点,于2017—2018年对该湖的黄梅水域和宿松水域进行周年季度水质监测,通过主成分分析(PCA)和自组织特征映射人工神经网络(SOM)模型定量分析了水体理化参数的时空变化特征,采用综合营养状态指数法(TLI)对水体富营养化状况进行了评价。PCA分析结果表明,龙感湖宿松水域和黄梅水域的水质差异较小,季节动态明显。全湖氨氮夏季平均浓度高达0.64 mg/L;总氮夏季平均浓度为2.30 mg/L,冬季平均浓度为1.04 mg/L;叶绿素a夏季平均含量达95.28μg/L,秋季平均浓度为28.30μg/L; pH夏季最高,达9.27;总磷冬季最高,平均为0.22 mg/L; TLI指数表明龙感湖除秋季属于轻度富营养水体外,其他3个季节均属于中度富营养状态。SOM模型结果具有可视化强的优点,能够更清晰和直观地反映龙感湖水质的时空分布动态。围栏拆除和禁渔等管理措施有助于湖泊渔业环境修复和资源恢复,建议对渔业模式转型后的湖泊生态系统变化进行长期跟踪监测评估。 相似文献
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流域水生态功能分区研究是我国正在开展的一项重要工作,如何验证分区结果的合理性,是当前亟待解决的问题。采用地理加权回归(GWR)模型评估流域特征对东江水质的影响,验证水质及流域影响空间差异是否与一二级水生态功能分区结果吻合,并对比了GWR模型与普通最小二乘(OLS)模型性能,讨论了GWR在分区验证方面的应用价值及不足。结果显示:1)水质指标以及GWR模型局部解释率(Local R~2)均在一二级水生态功能分区间存在显著差异;2)相比OLS模型,GWR模型校正R~2更高,残差空间自相关指数Moran′s I更低。研究表明东江水生态功能分区结果能合理反映水陆耦合关系,有效解释水质空间差异。此外建议选择总氮(TN)而非溶解氧(DO)和总磷(TP)作为分区验证指标。GWR模型在分区结果验证中具有广泛应用前景。降低数据空间自相关影响及改善距离测度方法是未来GWR模型研究的难点问题。 相似文献
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控制其他参数为经验常数,利用迭代方法对主要光合作用参数最大羧化速率(Vc max) 及最大电子传递速率(Jmax)进行不同数值组合,将得到的多组模拟结果的逐日总初级生产力(GPP)分别与东北帽儿山落叶阔叶林的通量观测数据进行比较,实现对小时步长BEPSHourly模型Vc max和Jmax的参数优化.结果表明: 对于东北温带落叶阔叶林,当Vc max为41.1 μmol·m-2·s-1、Jmax 为82.8 μmol·m-2·s-1时,模拟的2011年逐日GPP与观测数据比较的均方根误差(RMSE)最小,为1.10 g C·m-2·d-1,R2最高,为0.95.经过光合作用参数Vc max和Jmax优化后,BEPSHourly模型能更好地模拟GPP的季节变化. 相似文献
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生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)是全球生态系统碳循环研究的重要组成部分.植被最大光能利用率(εmax)是陆地生态系统GPP模拟的关键参数.本文基于植被光合模型(VPM)和全球通量网(FLUXNET)40个站点(179条站点年数据)的涡度相关通量观测数据,采用单因素轮换法对VPM模型进行参数敏感性分析,并利用交叉验证法对全球森林生态系统的光合作用关键参数进行优化和验证.结果表明:森林生态系统GPP模型受εmax、光合最高温度(Tmax)以及光合最适温度(Topt)的影响最大;优化后的εmax在不同植被类型之间存在明显差异,介于0.05~0.08 μmol CO2·μmol-1 PAR,常绿阔叶林>常绿针叶林>混交林>落叶阔叶林;优化后的森林生态系统Tmax为38~48 ℃,Topt为18~22 ℃;利用分植被类型优化后的模型关键参数,VPM模型可较好地模拟全球主要森林生态系统GPP的季节和年际变化. 相似文献
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退火遗传算法及其应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
将模拟退火方法引入遗传算法中,对非线形问题进行优化。该算法克服了SGAsr 的过早收敛的问题,并解决了染色体样性要求。最后将该算法应用于解决水资源优化分配的问题中,优化结果同样具备上述特点。 相似文献
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Bayesian statistical methods for the estimation of hidden genetic structure of populations have gained considerable popularity in the recent years. Utilizing molecular marker data, Bayesian mixture models attempt to identify a hidden population structure by clustering individuals into genetically divergent groups, whereas admixture models target at separating the ancestral sources of the alleles observed in different individuals. We discuss the difficulties involved in the simultaneous estimation of the number of ancestral populations and the levels of admixture in studied individuals' genomes. To resolve this issue, we introduce a computationally efficient method for the identification of admixture events in the population history. Our approach is illustrated by analyses of several challenging real and simulated data sets. The software (baps), implementing the methods introduced here, is freely available at http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~jic/bapspage.html. 相似文献
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Estimation of Primary Productivity by Chlorophyll a in vivo Fluorescence in Freshwater Phytoplankton
Primary productivity in marine waters is widely estimated by the measurements of 14C incorporation, the underwater light climate, and the absorption spectra of phytoplankton. In bio-optical models the quantum efficiency of carbon fixation derived from 14C incorporation rates, the photosynthetically absorbed radiation derived from the underwater light climate, and the phytoplankton absorption spectra are used to calculate time- and depth-integrated primary productivity. Due to the increased sensitivity of commercially available fluorometers, chlorophyll a in vivo fluorescence became a new tool to assess the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton. Since fluorescence data yield only relative photosynthetic electron transport rates, a direct conversion into absolute carbon fixation rates is not possible. Here, we report a procedure how this problem can be adressed in freshwater phytoplankton. We adapted a marine bio-optical model to the freshwater situation and tested if this model yields realistic results when applied to a hypertrophic freshwater reservoir. Comparison of primary productivity derived from 14C incorporation to primary productivity derived from Chl a fluorescence showed that the conversion of fluorescence data into carbon fixation rates is still an unsolved problem. Absolute electron transport rates calculated from fluorescence data tend to overestimate primary production. We propose that the observed differences are caused mainly by neglecting the package effect of pigments in phytoplankton cells and by non-carbon related electron flow (e.g., nitrogen fixation). On the other hand, the 14C incorporation rates can be artificially influenced by "bottle effects", especially near the water surface, where photoinhibition, photorespiration, and Mehler reaction can play a major role. 相似文献
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最近邻体法是一类有效的植物空间分布格局分析方法,邻体距离的概率分布模型用于描述邻体距离的统计特征,属于常用的最近邻体法之一。然而,聚集分布格局中邻体距离(个体到个体)的概率分布模型表达式复杂,参数估计的计算量大。根据该模型期望和方差的特性,提出了一种简化的参数估计方法,并利用遗传算法来实现参数优化,结果表明遗传算法可以有效地估计的该模型的两个参数。同时,利用该模型拟合了加拿大南温哥华岛3个寒温带树种的空间分布数据,结果显示:该概率分布模型可以很好地拟合美国花旗松(P.menziesii)和西部铁杉(T.heterophylla)的邻体距离分布,但由于西北红柏(T.plicata)存在高度聚集的团簇分布,拟合结果不理想;美国花旗松在样地中近似随机分布,空间聚集参数对空间尺度的依赖性不强,但西北红柏和西部铁杉空间聚集参数具有尺度依赖性,随邻体距离阶数增加而变大。最后,讨论了该模型以及参数估计方法的优势和限制。 相似文献
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Azam Haidary Bahman Jabbarian Amiri Jan Adamowski Nicola Fohrer Kaneyuki Nakane 《Ecohydrology》2015,8(4):726-737
The influence of catchment attributes has been examined to find out whether variations in water quality indicators [electrical conductivity (EC), pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), temperature and nitrogen] could be explained by them for 24 wetlands in west Japan. Urban areas (%) were positively (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with EC (r = 0.67), TDS (r = 0.69), TN (r = 0.92), DON (r = 0.60), [NH4+] (r = 0.47) and with [NO2−] (r = 0.50). Forest areas (%) were inversely (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with EC (r = −0.62), TDS (r = −0.68), TN (r = −0.68) and [NH4+] (r = −0.55) and with DON (r = −0.43). Agricultural area (%) was positively (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with EC (r = 0.40), TDS (r = 0.45), TN (r = 0.44) and [NH4+] (r = 0.56) and with both areas (%) of grey lowland soil (r = 0.60) and diluvial sand (r = 0.58). Area (%) of regosol was positively correlated with DO (r = 0.42) but inversely with DON (r = −0.44, P ≤ 0.05). Rhyolite was positively (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with the TN (r = 0.46) but inversely with DON (r = −0.49) and [NH4+] (r = −0.47). Regression models were developed for the water quality indicators including EC (r2 = 0. 62), (r2 = 0.90), (r = 0.52), TN (r = 0.86), DIN (r2 = 0.74) and DON (r2 = 0.54) at 0.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.05. In the models, no significant contribution has been observed for catchment geometric features of the wetlands on water quality indicators. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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AIMS: To develop a rapid preparation method for real-time PCR analysis of cyanobacteria from cultures or field samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: Field samples and cultures containing Anabaena circinalis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii or Microcystis aeruginosa were subjected to three cell disruption treatments: (i) heating during thermocycling, (ii) microwave irradiation in the presence of detergent and (iii) probe sonication. Treated samples were directly added to the PCR reaction and analysed on two different real-time devices. A statistically significant difference was evident in the cycle thresholds for each of the treatments in all but one culture and one environmental sample, sonication and microwave treatments performing better than direct addition. The microwave treatment was also compared to the Qiagen DNA Mini kit and performance was equivalent when treated samples were analysed as above. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst microwave treatment was slightly less effective than probe sonication across all samples, it was more amenable to processing multiple samples and significantly better than heat treating the sample during thermocycling. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The microwave method described here is a simple, rapid and effective preparation method for cyanobacterial DNA that can be easily deployed in the field, making the most of the speed and flexibility offered by fixed and portable real-time PCR devices. 相似文献