大蒜根系分泌物对不同受体蔬菜的化感作用

利用组织培养技术,在无菌条件下研究大蒜根系分泌物对莴苣、辣椒、萝卜、黄瓜、白菜和番茄等蔬菜作物的化感作用.结果表明：大蒜根系分泌物对6种蔬菜作物的发芽率、发芽指数、苗高及保护酶活性没有影响;对根长、地上部鲜质量及根鲜质量略有促进作用,其中,莴苣与对照差异达显著水平,化感效应指数分别为+0.163、+0.106、+0.318,白菜根长与对照差异达显著水平,化感效应指数为+0.120,其它受试作物与对照差异均未达显著水平;大蒜根系分泌物对受试作物叶绿素含量及根系活力有促进作用,与对照差异达显著水平,对萝卜的叶绿素含量促进作用最强,化感效应指数为+0.282,对黄瓜的根系活力促进作用最强,化感效应指数为+0.184;大蒜根系分泌物使受试作物对养分的吸收能力有所提高.     

放牧影响下典型草原克氏针茅和多根葱根系属性比较

植物根系属性与其生态适应性密切相关.为明确不同放牧干扰下克氏针茅和多根葱两种优势植物根系属性差异,比较了轻度放牧、中度放牧、重度放牧下克氏针茅和多根葱地下根系长度、根系表面积、根系直径、根系体积、根尖数、根系分叉数、比根长和比表面积的形态特征,分析了2种植物根尖比、根长比、表面积比、体积比等根系形态格局,研究两种植物对...     

胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅵ.气象条件对胜红蓟化感作用的影响

在田间条件下 ,胜红蓟化感作用与光、温、水等气象要素显著相关 ,有利的光、温、水生长条件使得其化感作用减弱 ,反之增强 .春夏季温度和降水有利胜红蓟的生长 ,其化感作用减弱 ,而秋冬季温度和降水不利胜红蓟生长 ,其化感作用增强 .实验表明 ,30 0 μg·ml-1高浓度胜红蓟挥发油使受试植物不能生长 ,而6 0 μg·ml-1低浓度影响较小 ,在高温、低温和遮光等不利植物生长的条件下 ,低浓度的胜红蓟化感物质对受试植物的抑制效应显著增强 ,显示在不利的生长条件下 ,受试植物对胜红蓟化感物质的抵御能力减弱 .研究表明 ,在不利于胜红蓟及受试植物生长的气象条件下 ,胜红蓟化感作用增强 ,受试植物抵御化感物质的能力降低 ,使得胜红蓟群落中其它植物难以正常生长 ,相应地提高了胜红蓟在自然群落中的竞争优势 .化感作用和光、温、水、气象条件的共同作用是胜红蓟在自然群落中成为优势种群的重要原因之一 .     

薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液对2种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液对小麦、大豆的影响,采用蒸馏水浸提法收集薄壳山核桃根系化感物质,并运用室内生物测定法检测不同浓度(0.025、0.05和0.1 g·mL~(-1))根系水浸提液对小麦、大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:各浓度处理的根系水浸提液对小麦、大豆萌发及幼苗生长的化感抑制作用较为显著,且具有显著的浓度效应(浓度低抑制作用弱,浓度高抑制作用强);薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液对小麦、大豆种子发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势和活力指数的抑制作用分别依次为:活力指数发芽势发芽指数发芽率和活力指数发芽势发芽率发芽指数;薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液各浓度处理对小麦、大豆幼苗根长、苗高、鲜质量和干质量的化感效应均为:根长苗高鲜质量干质量,其中薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液对2种受体植物幼苗根长均有显著的抑制作用,而对幼苗干、鲜质量的影响则因受体植物种类的不同而不同;薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液对2种受体植物的综合化感效应顺序为:小麦大豆;生长7 d的幼苗体内,SOD活性降低,MDA含量、POD活性和CAT活性与对照相比均随浓度的增加而增加。综合分析认为:小麦对薄壳山核桃根系水浸提液更为敏感。     

嫁接茄根系分泌物与抗黄萎病的关系及其组分分析

探讨了嫁接对茄子土传病害黄萎病抗性的影响,采用浸根法收集茄子根系分泌物,并利用气-质联用技术检测了根系分泌物的组分和含量,测定了茄子根系分泌物及其模拟化感物质对黄萎菌菌丝生长的化感作用,分析嫁接后茄子根系分泌物的组成差异,探讨了嫁接茄抗病性与其根系分泌物成分的关系。结果表明:嫁接使茄子发病率显著降低。土壤黄萎菌数量随发育时期的推进而显著低于自根茄。嫁接茄根系分泌物对黄萎菌菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用。GC-MS检测结果显示,嫁接换根使茄子根系分泌物的组成成分发生一定的改变,嫁接根系分泌物中检测到了烃类、酯类、醇类、酚类、酮类、苯类和胺类物质,其中苯、醇和胺类在ZG中未检测到。但嫁接茄也缺少自根茄中检测到的炔类和菲啶。酚类公认的化感物质含量表现出自根茄大于嫁接茄。模拟物质对黄萎菌菌丝生长的影响表明:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯表现出在0.05 0.5 mmol.L-1浓度范围随浓度增加抑制作用增强,后随浓度增加抑制作用有所减弱。而豆蔻酸和棕榈酸均表现出随浓度增加先促进后抑制黄萎菌菌丝的生长。     

人参皂苷对4种栽培作物早期根系发育的化感效应

人参、西洋参能通过根系分泌三萜皂苷等化感物质,严重影响后茬人参的生长,但对人参以外的植物是否具有化感效应尚不清楚。本实验研究了不同质量浓度的人参皂苷对小麦、白菜、黄瓜及绿豆4种常见栽培作物早期根系发育的影响,结果发现人参皂苷处理液（25、50和100mg·L-1）对4种作物主根及不定根的发育影响不尽相同。随着处理质量浓度的升高,小麦、白菜、黄瓜根系活力分别比同组CK明显降低,根长、根鲜重也呈降低趋势。各浓度人参皂苷处理对黄瓜和绿豆下胚轴不定根的数量、根长、根鲜重及根系活力的影响均未达到显著水平,但二者抗氧化酶的活性都微有升高。总之,人参皂苷对4种栽培作物的主根发育均有抑制作用,尤其对小麦、黄瓜主根生长的抑制作用较强;但对黄瓜和绿豆不定根发育的影响不明显。     

降雨格局变化对白刺幼苗根系形态特征的影响

为探讨荒漠植物白刺幼苗根系形态对降雨格局变化的响应特征,设置3个降雨量梯度(W-、W、W+)和2个降雨间隔时间梯度(T、T+)进行人工模拟试验,结果表明,1)降雨量和降雨间隔时间对白刺幼苗根系形态有不同程度的影响,且降雨量的作用效应更大。2)降雨量相同时,延长降雨间隔时间均使白刺幼苗主根长、根系平均直径、根体积和根表面积减小,但总根长和根系生物量和总生物量却增加,在高降雨量条件下(W+)延长降雨间隔时间白刺幼苗比根长和比表面积分别增加了45.09%和20.20%,但差异均不显著。3)降雨间隔时间相同时,降雨量减少30%仅使主根长平均增加12.06%,总根长、根平均直径、根体积和根表面积等根系形态指标均显著减少,比根长和比表面积变化不大;降雨量增加30%仅使比表面积显著增加,其余各形态指标差异均不显著,低降雨量条件下(W-)主根长与根冠比达到最大,其他指标均在高降雨量条件下(W+)达到最大。4)对8个根系形态参数进行主成分分析,根系生物量、总根长、总根表面积、比根长、比表面积和根体积6个根系生态参数受降雨格局影响显著。     

人参皂苷对4种栽培作物早期根系发育的化感效应

人参、西洋参能通过根系分泌三萜皂苷等化感物质,严重影响后茬人参的生长,但对人参以外的植物是否具有化感效应尚不清楚.本实验研究了不同质量浓度的人参皂苷对小麦、白菜、黄瓜及绿豆4种常见栽培作物早期根系发育的影响,结果发现人参皂苷处理液(25、50和100 mg· L-1)对4种作物主根及不定根的发育影响不尽相同.随着处理质量浓度的升高,小麦、白菜、黄瓜根系活力分别比同组CK明显降低,根长、根鲜重也呈降低趋势.各浓度人参皂苷处理对黄瓜和绿豆下胚轴不定根的数量、根长、根鲜重及根系活力的影响均未达到显著水平,但二者抗氧化酶的活性都微有升高.总之,人参皂苷对4种栽培作物的主根发育均有抑制作用,尤其对小麦、黄瓜主根生长的抑制作用较强;但对黄瓜和绿豆不定根发育的影响不明显.     

绿原酸对莴苣生长的化感作用及其机理研究

酚酸类化合物是一类重要的化感物质,广泛存在于农作物等植物体内以及耕作土壤中,与植物的化感效应以及连作障碍密切相关。该研究以蔬菜类植物莴苣为受体,采用植物细胞和生理学方法,分析酚酸类化感物质绿原酸抑制莴苣生长的活性效应及其作用机理,以揭示绿原酸介导的化感作用及连作障碍机制。结果显示:(1)绿原酸对莴苣的根长、茎长以及鲜重等生长指标均表现出低浓度(0.1和1.0μmol/L)促进、高浓度(10、100和1 000μmol/L)抑制的活性作用模式,其在10μmol/L及以上浓度时对根长和鲜重具有显著抑制作用,但在各浓度下对莴苣茎长无显著影响。(2)绿原酸处理后,莴苣根尖细胞分裂指数明显下降,随处理浓度的升高,各分裂时期的细胞比例也显著降低,导致细胞分裂过程受阻。(3)较低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)绿原酸对莴苣根尖细胞活力无明显影响,较高浓度绿原酸(100和1 000μmol/L)使莴苣根尖死细胞显著增多,根尖端绝大部分细胞失去活力。(4)DHE荧光染色显示,与对照相比,低浓度(0.1和1.0μmol/L)绿原酸对莴苣根部的活性氧积累无明显影响,当绿原酸处理浓度大于10μmol/L时,随处理浓度升高莴苣根部的活性氧积累明显大量增多。研究表明,绿原酸能够诱导莴苣体内活性氧产生并积累,从而导致莴苣细胞分裂受阻、细胞活力降低,最终影响莴苣幼苗的生长发育。     

外源添加巨桉两种挥发性化合物对受体植物萌发、生长及四种生理指标的影响

在前期巨桉挥发性物质鉴定及其林龄效应研究的基础上, 结合预备实验选择含量较高且随林龄变化较为明显的两种挥发性化合物(正癸烷和 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷), 研究其对受体植物(萝卜 Raphanus sativus、绿豆 Vigna radiata、莴苣 Lactuca sativa)萌发、生长及四种生理指标的影响。结果显示: 1)两种化感物质对三种受体植物种子萌发均具有抑制作用, 且随浓度升高而增强。两物质对三种受体植物根长呈低促高抑现象且随浓度的增加抑制作用逐渐增强。正癸烷对三种受体植物苗高具有低浓度促进高浓度抑制作用; 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷对萝卜和莴苣苗高具有低促高抑的作用,对绿豆苗高呈现高浓度显著抑制作用。正癸烷对萝卜、绿豆苗/根鲜重比随浓度增加呈现不显著或促进作用, 对莴苣苗/根鲜重比作用不显著; 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷对萝卜和绿豆的苗/根鲜重比呈现低浓度无显著变化高浓度促进作用, 而对莴苣苗/根鲜重比影响不显著。2)正癸烷和 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷对莴苣、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷对萝卜的 SOD活性含量无显著影响, 这两种物质对其它受体植物的 SOD、CAT 活性均具有低浓度促进或影响不显著, 高浓度时显著抑制作用。两物质对三种受体植物 MDA 含量具有低浓度抑制或无显著变化, 高浓度促进作用。两种化感物质对三种受体植物幼苗根系活力(TTC)均呈现低浓度促进或影响不显著高浓度抑制作用。     

Interactive effects of phenolic acid and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) fine roots

Aims The relationship between rhizosphere process and fine root growth is very close but still obscure. In poplar plantation, phenolic acid rhizodeposition and soil nutrient availability were considered as two dominant factors of forest productivity decline. It is very hard to separate them in the field and they might show an interactive effect on fine root growth. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of phenolic acids and nitrogen on branch orders of poplar fine roots and to give a deeper insight into how the ecological process on root-soil interface affected fine root growth as well as plantation productivity. Methods The cuttings of health annual poplar seedlings (I-107, Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) serve as experiment materials, and were cultivated under nine conditions, including three concentration of phenolic acids at 0X, 0.5X, 1.0X (here, X represented the contents of phenolic acids in the soil of poplar plantation) and three concentration of nitrogen at 0 mmol·L^-1, 10 mmol·L^-1, 20 mmol·L^-1, based on Hoagland solution. The roots were all separated from poplar seedlings after 35 days, and 30 percent of total fine roots of every treatment were taken as fine root samples. These fine roots were grouped according to 1 to 5 branch orders, and then the morphological traits of each group of fine roots were scanned via root analyzer system (WinRHIZO, Regent Instruments Company, Quebec, Canada) including total length, surface area, volume and average diameter. Meanwhile, the dry mass of fine root samples of every order was measured to calculate specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD). All data were analyzed via SPSS 17.0 software, and interactive effect of phenolic acids and nitrogen on roots was analyzed through univariate process module. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted via Canoco 4.5 software. Important findings Under the conditions without phenolic acids application, the fine roots growth was significantly inhibited in deficiency and higher nitrogen treatments, especially for 1-3 order roots. Only specific root length appeared decreased with nitrogen level, and other traits of fine roots did not demonstrate linear relationship with nitrogen concentrations. Compared to 0.5X phenolic acids treatment, 1.0X phenolic acids significantly promoted the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots (p < 0.05). Both phenolic acids and nitrogen demonstrated influence on poplar fine root traits. However, the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots were significantly affected by phenolic acids, while the total length and surface area of 4-5 order roots was affected by nitrogen. Two way ANOVA showed that phenolic acids and nitrogen made a synergistic or antagonistic effect on morphological building of fine roots. Furthermore, PCA and RDA indicated that the interactive effects of phenolic acids and nitrogen led to significant differences among 1-3 order, 4th order and 5th order of poplar fine roots. The PC1 explained about 60.9 percent of root morphological variance, which was related to foraging traits of roots. The PC2 explained 25.3 percent of variance, which was related to root building properties. The response of poplar roots to phenolic acids and nitrogen was closely related to root order, and nitrogen played more influence on poplar roots than phenolic acids. Thus, phenolic acids and nitrogen level would affect many properties of root morphology and foraging in rhizosphere soil of poplar plantation. But nitrogen availability would serve as a dominant factor influencing root growth, and soil nutrient management should be critical to productivity maintenance of poplar plantation.     

酚酸和氮素交互作用下欧美杨107细根形态特征

树木细根生长与根际过程的关系十分密切。该研究仿生欧美杨107 (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’)人工林根际土壤酚酸沉降与氮素有效性变化, 通过设置3种酚酸梯度(0X、0.5X、1.0X, X为田间土壤酚酸含量)与3种氮素水平(缺氮0 mmol·L^-1、正常氮10 mmol·L^-1、高氮20 mmol·L^-1), 探究酚酸和氮素对欧美杨107细根形态的影响, 以期为阐明树木根系生长对根-土界面过程的响应奠定基础。结果表明: (1)在无酚酸(0X)环境中, 缺氮和高氮均可抑制欧美杨107细根生长, 尤其对1-3级细根的影响更为显著。比根长随氮素水平升高逐渐减小, 但其他细根特征并未呈现与氮素水平的线性关系。(2) 0.5X和1.0X酚酸梯度相比, 欧美杨107的1-2级细根直径和体积随酚酸浓度增加而显著增大(p < 0.05)。酚酸和氮素对杨树细根的影响存在交互作用, 1-2级细根直径、体积受酚酸的影响显著, 而4-5级细根长度、表面积受氮素影响显著。双因素方差分析结果表明, 酚酸和氮素对细根形态建成具有协同或拮抗效应。(3)主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果表明, 在酚酸和氮素交互效应下, 杨树1-3级、 4级、 5级细根之间具有显著的形态差异。第一主成分主要体现细根觅食性状特征, 可解释细根形态变异的60.9%的信息; 第二主成分主要体现细根形态构建特征, 可解释25.3%的信息。杨树细根形态变化与根序高度相关, N素影响杨树细根形态的主效应较酚酸更强。因此, 根际环境中酚酸累积和氮素有效性变化会影响杨树细根的形态构建和细根对水分、养分的吸收, 而氮素有效性是影响杨树细根生长的重要因素, 开展杨树人工林土壤养分管理是林分生产力长期维持的关键。     

Allelopathic activity of different plant parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peganum harmala</Emphasis> L. and identification of their growth inhibitors substances

This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory potential of P. harmala leaf, stem and root extract on germination and growth of Avena fatua L. and Convolvulus arvensis L., as well as identification of the phytotoxic substances responsible for this activity. According to our results, the degree of toxicity of different P. harmala plant parts can be arranged in the following order: leaves > stems > roots. The two test species differed in their sensitivity to P. harmala extracts. Inhibitory effect on shoot length and seedling dry weight was more pronounced in C. arvensis, whereas higher reduction in germination, root length and total chlorophyll content occurred in A. fatua. A significant amount of water-soluble phenolic acids were found in P. harmala plant extracts. Total phenolic acids content was higher in leaf extracts when compared to that of stem or root extracts. Seven phenolic acids including gallic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid were found in P. harmala leaf extracts. On the other hand, we identified four phenolic acids from stem (galllic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid) and root (galllic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid and cinnamic acid) extracts. The greater number of growth inhibitors detected in the leaves might explain the stronger inhibitory activity. Overall, our results suggest that P. harmala might be used as a natural herbicide for weed control and consequently reduce dependence on synthetic herbicides.     

酚酸类化感自毒物质对枸杞种子萌发的抑制作用

酚酸类化感自毒物质是导致农作物连作障碍的重要诱因之一。枸杞作为多年生木本植物,连作障碍突出,成因复杂。为揭示酚酸类物质对枸杞的化感自毒作用,研究了22种常见酚酸对枸杞种子萌发的抑制作用,并运用比较分子场分析方法(CoMFA)进行构效关系研究。结果发现,酚酸化合物对枸杞种子萌发作用的半抑制浓度IC_(50)范围为39.94—115.97 mg/L;CoMFA结果表明,运用立体场和静电场能较好解释该类化合物对枸杞种子萌发的化感自毒特征,苯环1/2/3/4位具有大体积、1位具有强负电性取代基的酚酸化合物,对枸杞种子萌发具有较强抑制作用。研究结果可为客观评价酚酸类化合物对枸杞的化感自毒作用提供基础数据支撑。     

Growth response of maize seed-borne fungi to cereal phenolic acid mixtures

Phenolic acids (PAs) are potential antifungal agents of stored grain cereals. Previous studies have mostly focused on the action of single compounds, consequently providing limited information on their effect as mixtures. We tested the hypothesis that higher phytochemical diversity and concentration of phenolic acids provide better defense against pathogenic fungi of cereals. Five maize seed-borne fungi with different degrees of specialization as cereal pathogens were exposed in vitro to five phenolic acids found in cereal grains either alone or in combinations. We detected that the inhibitory effect of PAs depended on their concentration and the fungus specialization, but the tested hypothesis was not functional for any plant-fungal species relationship. Moreover, various PAs or PAs-mixtures were almost equally inhibitory against the fungal species. We also found that phytochemical diversity had a differential effect on the phytopathogens according to their degree of specialization. Thus, a high phytochemical diversity in high concentration would protect a plant against a fungal community, but not necessarily against a single-fungus species.     

Biological effects of water-soluble soil phenol and soil humic extracts on plant systems

The aim of this research was to extract, with a sequential method, HS free from water-soluble phenols (HS-WP) and water-soluble phenols free from humic substances (WP-HS), and to evaluate and to compare the biological effects of these two extracts to humic substances (HS) and water-soluble phenols (WP) traditionally extracted. In each extract we determined the concentration of low molecular weight organic acids, soluble carbohydrates, fatty acids, phenolic acids and total proteins. We tested the biological activity of each soil extract and of the single identified compounds on different plant organs (Pinus laricio callus, Daucus carota cells, and Pinus laricio, Pinus halepensis, Lens culinaris and Cichorium intybus seeds). The results showed that eliminating from HS the WP fraction, and from WP the HS fraction we obtained extracts chemically different from HS as such, and WP as such. HS and HS-WP increased callus and cell growth and also root elongation of the different species used; in contrast, WP and WP-HS had negative effects inhibiting callus and cell growth and seed germination percentage of coniferous, herbaceous and leguminous species. The negative effects can be ascribed to the presence of phenolic acids in the extracts while the positive biological activity can be attributed to the presence of tartaric acid, and fatty acids. In conclusion, this study helps to discriminate the effects of humic substances against phenolic compounds extracted from soils explaining the different and in some way contradictory biological behaviour of these two main fractions of SOM.     

Allelopathy and its coevolutionary implications between native and non‐native neighbors of invasive Cynara cardunculus L.

Invasive plants apply new selection pressures on neighbor plant species by different means including allelopathy. Recent evidence shows allelopathy functions as remarkably influential mediator for invaders to be successful in their invaded range. However, few studies have determined whether native and non‐native species co‐occurring with invaders have evolved tolerance to allelopathy. In this study, we conducted germination and growth experiments to evaluate whether co‐occurring native Juncus pallidus and non‐native Lolium rigidum species may evolve tolerance to the allelochemicals induced by Cyanara cardunculus in Australian agricultural fields. The test species were germinated and grown in pots filled with collected invaded and uninvaded rhizosphere soil of C. cardunculus with and without activated carbon (AC). Additionally, a separate experiment was done to differentiate the direct effects of AC on the test species. The soil properties showed invaded rhizosphere soils had higher total phenolic and lower pH compared with uninvaded soils. We found significant reduction of germination percentage and seedling growth in terms of above‐ and belowground biomass, and maximum plant height and root length of native in the invaded rhizosphere soil of C. cardunculus, but little effect on non‐native grass species. Even soil manipulated with AC showed no significant differences in the measured parameters of non‐native except aboveground biomass. Taken together, the results indicate allelochemicals induced by C. cardunculus exert more suppressive effects on native than non‐native linking the coevolved tolerance of those.     

Occurence of eugenol,coniferyl alcohol and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol in common buckwheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagopyrum esculentum</Emphasis> Moench) and their biological activity

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is well known as a weed suppressing crop due to its strong competitive and allelopathic characteristics. The possible allelopathic compounds in buckwheat include compounds from different groups, such as flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, etc. Less attention has been paid to other phenolic compounds, specifically eugenol, o-eugenol, coniferyl alcohol and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol as possible allelochemicals. The effects of eugenol, o-eugenol, coniferyl alcohol, and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol on germination and plant growth were tested on seven plant species. The results of our study showed that eugenols, coniferyl alcohol, or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol are minority components of the buckwheat plant. Eugenol reached the highest concentration (1.16μg/g DW in buckwheat leaves) from these compounds and they probably do not have a significant function in the allelopathy of common buckwheat. However, due to the inhibitory effects on germination and plant growth, eugenol could be utilized in the plant protection of sustainable agriculture.     

连作苹果土壤酚酸对平邑甜茶幼苗的影响

为探讨连作(重茬)苹果土壤中酚酸类物质的积累与苹果连作障碍的关系,在砂培条件下,取连作果园土壤中实际浓度的酚酸类物质处理平邑甜茶幼苗,探讨了连作2a的果园土壤中实测浓度的根皮苷、间苯三酚、根皮素、对羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸对平邑甜茶幼苗根系线粒体指标、抗氧化酶活性、膜过氧化程度及活性氧(ROS)含量的影响。结果表明:连作土壤中实际浓度的5种酚酸类物质均使平邑甜茶幼苗生长受到抑制,根系受影响程度高于地上部分,表现为根冠比降低;线粒体膜通透性转换孔(MPTP)开放程度增大,线粒体膜电位降低,细胞色素Cyt c/a比值下降;降低了幼苗根系中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增加了过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O·-2)以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。土壤浓度的5种酚酸类物质中,以根皮苷处理抑制效果最显著,间苯三酚处理抑制力最小。因此,根皮苷是引起苹果连作障碍的主要酚酸,实践中应重点考虑对根皮苷的降解以缓解苹果连作障碍。     

Joint action of phenolic acid mixtures and its significance in allelopathy research

Although the ecological significance of mixtures of phytotoxins is recognized in research on chemical plant interference (allelopathy), few studies convincingly demonstrate the joint action of phytotoxin mixtures, key to understanding the ecological impact of these materials, using established models from other biological disciplines, e.g. toxicology and pharmacology. Addressing this need, the present study investigates the joint action of the phenolic acids, p -hydroxybenzoic, p -coumaric and ferulic acids on root growth inhibition of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L). The Additive Dose Model (ADM) isobole and estimated concentration of phenolic acid mixture were calculated on ED₂₀, ED₅₀ and ED₈₀ from the dose–response curves for the phenolic acids applied alone or in mixtures of fixed ratios. The binary combination of three selected phenolic acids is generally antagonistic relative to the ADM. No evidence for synergistic activities of phenolic acids in the mixture was noted. Since allelopathic activities in nature are largely due to the presence of several compounds in a mixture, the present study advances understanding of the joint action of binary combination of allelochemicals in a mixture.