盐胁迫下唐古特白刺对外源Ca2＋的生理响应

为探讨Ca2＋与盐生植物耐盐性的关系,以唐古特白刺（Nitrariatangutorum）为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源C矛’对盐胁迫下唐古特白刺的生理响应,结果表明,盐浓度不高于300mmol·L-1时,施加一定浓度Ca2＋（≤15mmol·L-1）可增加唐古特白刺叶片相对含水量,提高叶片水势与根系活力,降低电解质外渗率,减少MDA含量,增加脯氨酸的积累,同时提高SOD和POD活性,且这种趋势随Ca2＋浓度的增加而增加。而高浓度Ca2＋（〉15mmol·L-1）对唐古特白刺各生理指标均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,影响唐古特白刺的正常代谢活动。说明一定浓度的Ca2＋（≤15mmol·L-1）能有效缓解盐胁迫（NaCI≤300mmol·L-1）对唐古特白刺造成的伤害,高盐胁迫下外施Ca2＋缓解作用不明显,甚至表现为抑制作用。     

盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发及幼苗对外源抗坏血酸的生理响应

以黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)种子为材料,用氯化钠(Na Cl)模拟盐胁迫条件,采用纸上发芽,研究外源抗坏血酸(As A)对盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发及幼苗的影响。结果表明,在80 mmol·L-1 Na Cl胁迫下,黄芩种子萌发及幼苗生理指标受到显著抑制;0.50 mmol·L-1 As A处理可显著提高盐胁迫下黄芩种子的发芽势(GE)、发芽率(GR)、发芽指数(GI)、简化活力指数(SVI)以及根系总黄酮、可溶性糖和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,同时也可显著提高幼苗根系活力和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。这说明适宜浓度的抗坏血酸能提高黄芩种子的萌发能力和幼苗对盐胁迫的适应能力,从而起到缓解盐胁迫对种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用。     

低温胁迫下乌塌菜对外源硅的生理响应

在土培条件下,研究了低温胁迫下不同浓度的硅酸钠对乌塌菜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫抑制了乌塌菜的生长,降低了干物质的积累。外施硅可以显著提高乌塌菜叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性,迅速积累大量的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白,从而有效缓解低温胁迫对乌塌菜幼苗的影响,尤其是外施0.5mmol·L^-1Na2SiO3处理15d时,乌塌菜干物质积累达到了正常生长植株的86.2%。但随着施用硅浓度的增加,缓解效果则降低。     

低温胁迫下棉花幼苗对外源水杨酸的生理响应

以棉花幼苗为试材,通过叶面喷施不同浓度水杨酸的处理方法,研究外源水杨酸对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗的缓解效应。结果表明,0.6~0.8 mmol＆#183;L-1水杨酸预处理可以显著降低棉花幼苗叶片相对电导率（REC）和丙二醛（MDA）的积累量,从而缓解低温对质膜的过氧化伤害,并通过提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸等渗透调节物质的含量来适应低温环境。     

盐胁迫下唐古特白刺对外源Ca2+的生理响应

为探讨Ca2+与盐生植物耐盐性的关系,以唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源Ca2+对盐胁迫下唐古特白刺的生理响应,结果表明,盐浓度不高于300 mmol·L-1时,施加定浓度Ca2+(≤15 mmol·L-1)可增加唐古特白刺叶片相对含水量,提高叶片水势与根系活力,降低电解质外渗率,减少MDA含量,增加脯氨酸的积累,同时提高SOD和POD活性,且这种趋势随Ca2+浓度的增加而增加。而高浓度Ca2+(>15 mmol·L-1)对唐古特白刺各生理指标均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,影响唐古特白刺的正常代谢活动。说明定浓度的Ca2+(≤15 mmol·L-1)能有效缓解盐胁迫(NaCl≤300mmol·L-1)对唐古特白刺造成的伤害,高盐胁迫下外施Ca2+缓解作用不明显,甚至表现为抑制作用。     

盐胁迫下盐桦生理响应的变化分析

对组织培养获得的盐桦（Belula halophila）苗在盐胁迫下的生理指标和解剖结构进行了分析,结果显示,随着盐浓度的增加,植物叶片相对含水量逐渐降低;脯氨酸（Pro）含量逐渐增加;叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性大小存在相关性,在50～200mmol／L盐胁迫下,植物的CAT活性是递增的,200mmol／LNaCl处理时达到最高,同时叶片MDA含量在50～200mmol／L盐处理时变化不明显;CAT活性在300mmol／LNaCl处理时突然降低,此时叶片MDA含量大;植物叶片和根的离子含量测定表明,在盐胁迫下K^＋／Na^＋比值逐渐降低,叶片中K^＋含量始终高于Na^＋含量;石蜡切片和扫描电镜发现盐桦茎、叶中有晶体状物质存在,通过X-ray分析表明这种晶体含有C,O,Ca元素,相关的细胞成分化学实验进一步确定其结晶体的成分。     

干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源水杨酸的生理响应

以黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)幼苗为试验材料,采用控制水分梯度模拟干旱胁迫条件,研究在不同程度干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源水杨酸(SA,0.1、0.5 mmol·L-1)的生理响应。结果表明:在干旱胁迫及喷施SA的条件下,渗透调节物质随着胁迫程度的加大,有显著增长;MDA含量随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而递增,而在喷施SA的情况下,MDA含量比各自未喷施SA对照有所下降;SOD、POD、CAT活性在轻度胁迫下有所増高,喷施SA后,中重度干旱胁迫的抗氧化酶活性升高并高于对照。说明干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞生理生化指标有一定的影响,喷施外源水杨酸能增强黑果枸杞的抗旱能力。     

盐胁迫下藜的形态结构与生理响应

本文采用石蜡切片、扫描电镜和体视显微镜对藜进行了形态结构观察和多种生理指标检测,研究在盐胁迫下藜的结构和生理变化。结果表明：在花期,藜的株高和茎粗显著降低,叶未产生明显肉质化。高盐（300mmol·L^-1）胁迫下,叶维管束的导管数量及形成层层数增加,茎的维管束密度增加,根木质化程度增强,大导管密度显著降低。叶下表面的盐囊泡较上表面多,叶和茎细胞中均含有簇状结晶。随着盐浓度的升高,叶片中含水量降低,相对电导率升高,丙二醛（MDA）含量无显著变化,叶绿素含量在苗后期先升高后降低,在花期,其含量随盐浓度升高而降低。300mmol·L^-1盐胁迫下,苗后期的可溶性糖、脯氨酸7L-N-菜碱含量显著增J／w;至花期,脯氨酸及甜菜碱含量显著高于对照。以上结果初步显示,高浓度盐胁迫对花期的藜形态结构及部分生理指标均比苗期产生显著影响,但300mmol·L^-1盐胁迫下藜仍能完成其生活史。     

NaCl与干旱双重胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源水杨酸的生理响应

干旱、盐分已成为限制植物生长发育的主要因子,在干旱与NaCl双重胁迫下植物的生长发育受到一定影响。为了探究黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）对盐旱逆境的适应性,该文采用盆栽试验,研究NaCl与干旱胁迫共同作用对其幼苗生长的影响,并观察盐旱逆境下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源水杨酸（SA）的生理响应,探究提高NaCl与干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗的存活率。结果表明：外源SA(0.1、0.5 mmol·L^-1)处理下,盐旱双重胁迫下黑果枸杞叶内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量有所增加,而丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性上升,且0.5 mmol·L^-1 SA处理效果优于0.1 mmol·L^-1 处理。综上结果可知,黑果枸杞对于轻度盐旱胁迫具有一定的适应能力,适宜浓度SA可提高盐旱逆境中黑果枸杞叶内渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性,该研究为进一步了解盐旱双重胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗的生长发育提供相关理论依据。     

氮胁迫下共生蓝藻的分离纯化及生理响应机制

目的：揭示氮胁迫逆境下共生蓝藻的生理响应机制。方法：采用藻细胞分离纯化技术获得了一株共生蓝藻,测定其光合色素含量并分析了氮胁迫下的生理响应机制。结果：新分离藻株的细胞形态与其他念珠藻属相似,具有典型的营养细胞和异型胞;该藻室温吸收光谱中叶绿素蓝区相对含量减少,类胡萝卜素相对含量增加;氮胁迫时,藻细胞在pH8.4和160μmol&#183;m-2&#183;s-1光强组合下的细胞增长率最高,同时藻细胞叶绿素a含量增加值也最高,对共生藻生理响应机制有着显著性影响（P〈0.05）。结论：该共生蓝藻为念珠藻属蓝藻,在氮胁迫下有较强的叶绿素合成能力,对碱性条件及高光强有着显著的生理响应。     

Physiological responses to salt stress in young umbu plants

Soil salinity affects plant growth and development due to harmful ion effects and water stress caused by reduced osmotic potential in the soil solution. In order to evaluate the effects of salt stress in young umbu plants, research was performed in green house conditions at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil. Growth, stomatal behaviour, water relations, and both inorganic and organic solutes were studied aiming for a better understanding of the responses of umbu plants to increasing salinity. Plants were grown in washed sand with Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl. Growth, leaf water potential, transpiration, and diffusive resistance were evaluated. Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, soluble carbohydrates, and free amino acid contents were measured in several plant organs. Most variables were affected with salinity above 50 mM NaCl showing decreases in: number of leaves, plant height, stems diameter, and dry masses, and increases in root-to-shoot ratio. Reductions in ψ_pd were observed in plants grown under 75 and 100 mM NaCl. All salt levels above zero increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents in leaves. However, K⁺ content was not affected. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in stems and roots reached saturation in treatments above 50 mM NaCl. Organic solute accumulation in response to salt stress was not observed in umbu plants. These results suggest that umbu plants tolerate salt levels up to 50 mM NaCl without showing significant physio-morphological alterations.     

Comparing symbiotic performance and physiological responses of two soybean cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress

The presented experiments evaluated the symbiotic performance of soybean genotypes with contrasting salt stress tolerance to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. In addition, the physiological stress tolerance mechanisms in plants derived from mutualistic interactions between AMF and the host plants were evaluated. Plant growth, nodulation, nitrogenase activity and levels of endogenous growth hormones, such as indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid, of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive soybean genotypes significantly decreased at 200 mM NaCl. The inoculation of soybean with AMF improved the symbiotic performance of both soybean genotypes by improving nodule formation, leghemoglobin content, nitrogenase activity and auxin synthesis. AMF colonization also protected soybean genotypes from salt-induced membrane damage and reduced the production of hydrogen peroxide, subsequently reducing the production of TBARS and reducing lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the results of the present investigation indicate that AMF improve the symbiotic performance of soybean genotypes regardless of their salt stress tolerance ability by mitigating the negative effect of salt stress and stimulating endogenous level of auxins that contribute to an improved root system and nutrient acquisition under salt stress.     

甘薯愈伤组织对干旱胁迫和盐胁迫的生理反应对比

研究干旱胁迫和盐胁迫对“芦选一号”。日‘薯愈伤组织可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性等的影响,从而在细胞水平上探讨甘薯抵御渗透胁迫的生理机制。并分析甘薯细胞对干旱处理（PEG-6000）和盐处理（NaCl）的反应差异。结果表明,可溶性蛋白质含量在干旱胁迫下缓慢升高,在轻度和中度盐胁迫的生长前期和中期有较大幅度的上升。但后期下降,表明短时间盐胁迫下,Na^＋可能促进可溶性蛋白的合成;MDA在重度干旱胁迫下的含量显著低于重度盐胁迫,而SOD活性显著高于盐胁迫。表明在盐胁迫下细胞膜透性增加的主要原网是膜脂过氧化作用。干旱处理则是PEG-6000脱水的直接结果;重度干旱胁迫下,可溶性糖含量在短期内迅速升高,然后下降,而脯氨酸含量则在胁迫中后期迅速上升。脯氨酸可能有补偿可溶性糖含量降低的作用。     

两种野生灌木幼苗对干旱和盐交叉胁迫的生理响应

长枝木蓼(Ateaphaxis viegata)和刺叶锦鸡儿(Caragana acanthophulla)是乌鲁木齐周边植被组成的重要种,在植被恢复中具有潜在价值。该文通过盆栽控水控盐法研究两种野生灌木幼苗在不同程度的干旱和盐交叉胁迫下的生理反应。结果表明,干旱和盐交叉胁迫下,长枝木蓼可溶性糖增幅较刺叶锦鸡儿大;轻度交叉胁迫时,两种灌木的可溶性糖含量高于仅干旱胁迫或盐胁迫下的。中度和重度交叉胁迫下,长枝木蓼叶片丙二醛含量增幅高于刺叶锦鸡儿。交叉胁迫下,两种灌木叶片叶绿素含量下降,且长枝木蓼叶片的叶绿素含量降幅大于刺叶锦鸡儿。因膜系统的过氧化作用,使MDA含量升高。轻度干旱胁迫提高了两种野生灌木对盐胁迫的耐受能力。两种灌木能很好地适应中度交叉胁迫,重度交叉胁迫对两种灌木的伤害很大,但也能生存。综合比较各参数发现,刺叶锦鸡儿更耐早,而长枝木蓼更耐盐;综合比较各生理参数发现,刺叶锦鸡儿对干旱和盐胁迫的耐受能力较长枝木蓼强。     

Physiological and ultrastructural responses of Catharanthus roseus cell suspension to salt stress

Catharanthus roseus (L.) cell response to salinity was investigated. Seven days after cell treatment with 100 mM NaCl, they showed a decrease in dry weight and an increase in sodium and chloride contents (about 12.4- and 1.5-fold, respectively, in comparison to the control). At the ultrastructural level, NaCl treatment reduced cell size and increased plastid density. In addition, it reduced the starch grain size and their number per plastid; however, starch content was 1.5-fold increased, which was due to the increase in the plastid density. At the ultrastructural level, the applied salinity had no obvious effects, such as swelling or disorganization of plastids except a slight decrease in the stroma electron density. Equally, no deleterious effect was observed on mitochondria except a small increase of their crista volume and matrix electron density. It was shown that, although the relative sensitivity of C. roseus cells to salt stress pointed by the reduction in the dry weight, a decrease in the cell size, and the high accumulation of toxic ions, they preserved the integrity of their plastids and mitochondria.     

花期海蓬子对盐胁迫的生理响应

研究了花期阶段不同浓度NaCl(0、10‰、20‰、30‰、40‰、50‰和60‰)对海蓬子(Salicornia bigelovii)生长、光合色素、光合作用参数、抗氧化和离子含量的影响.结果表明:10‰NaCl盐处理下海蓬子株高、茎生物量、叶绿素(Chl)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、茎SOD活性和POD活性等指标值均显著高于其它处理,而高盐(40‰NaCl及其以上)胁迫下,上述指标值均表现为下降,同时茎K+含量也显著下降,而茎Na+、Cl、Na+/K+和MDA含量等显著上升.相关分析显示,生物量与Chl a/Chl b呈现显著正相关,与株高、茎Pn、Gs、Ci、Chl、Chl含量、K+含量、SOD和POD活性呈现极显著正相关,与气孔限制值(Ls)、Car/Chl、MDA含量、Cl含量和Na+/K+等均呈极显著负相关.综上所述,10‰NaCl处理是花期海蓬子生长和光合生长的最适宜盐度,而无盐和高盐下海蓬子光合抑制主要是来自气孔因素,同时高盐胁迫下还伴随着非气孔限制.     

Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress

Hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the role of oligochitosan in enhancing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resistance to salt stress. Data were collected on plant biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (P _n), stomatal conductance (g _s), proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Under 150 mM salt stress, plant growth was significantly inhibited. Shoot length, root length, and dry weight were sharply reduced by 26%, 31%, and 20%, respectively, of the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were increased by 28%, 13%, and 26%, respectively, of the control and MDA content largely accumulated, which was 1.5-fold of the control. However, 0.0625% oligochitosan pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress, which was reflected by increasing root length, shoot length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, P _n, and g _s. Furthermore, it also showed that oligochitosan pretreatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and POD) activities, and reduced MDA content in leaves. Meanwhile, the accumulation of proline was markedly accelerated. The results indicated that oligochitosan pretreatment ameliorated the adverse effects and partially protected the seedlings from salt stress during the following growth period.     

蒭雷草对盐胁迫的生理响应

该文选择从西沙东岛采集蒭雷草,通过分株繁殖挑选健壮植株作为材料,模拟热带珊瑚岛生境设置不同浓度NaCl处理,研究不同程度的盐胁迫对其植株叶片丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化酶以及渗透调节物质的影响.结果表明:(1)短期(28 d)盐胁迫下,NaCl浓度的增加并未加速蒭雷草叶片细胞发生膜脂过氧化作用,MDA含量增加幅度较小;随着...     

不同水稻品种对虫害胁迫的生理响应

以褐飞虱-水稻为模式,研究虫害胁迫下植物的化学防御生理生态特征,测定了可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及细胞间隙二氧化碳浓度、防御酶的时间变化特征.结果表明,经虫害诱导,不同品种水稻可溶性糖含量降低;同时,光合速率以及叶绿素含量也相应下降;蒸腾速率、气孔导度和细胞间隙二氧化碳浓度的变化不显著。虫害对水稻叶片多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和脂氧合酶均具有诱导作用.这种诱导作用具有时间效应,且不同品种诱导作用不一致.