遮阴和磷限制下胡桃楸1级根养分吸收策略选择

本研究探讨了1年生胡桃楸在不同光照环境和不同剂量磷肥下根系功能性状的变化，以了解胡桃楸根系资源获取策略与光环境和磷养分限制之间的关系。设置了4种遮阴处理(全光、65%全光、35%全光和20%全光),以及3种磷肥处理(对照、200%和500%土壤本底有效磷),并测定了1级根形态、构型特征和菌根侵染率的变化。结果表明：随着遮阴程度的增加，胡桃楸1级根的平均直径、平均根长和菌根侵染率逐渐减小，比根长、比表面积、分支比和分支强度则呈现先增加后减小的趋势。随着磷含量的减少，1级根直径逐渐变细，而菌根侵染率则逐渐升高。在遮阴环境下，胡桃楸的根系形态和构型会发生适应性变化，通过增加比根长、比表面积、分支比和分支强度等来适应遮阴环境；而在磷限制条件下，胡桃楸的根系更倾向于与菌根真菌共生以促进对磷的吸收。胡桃楸在透光度为35%的林地人工更新时，根系形态、构型会做出改变以适应遮阴环境；在磷受限的情况下，胡桃楸与菌根真菌共生能力增强，可以适当接种菌根来帮助根系吸收磷。     

不同生境栓皮栎天然更新幼苗植冠构型分析

栓皮栎存在于秦岭南坡的多种林分中,生活在不同生境中的个体往往形成不同的树冠形态和构型特征。为了说明不同生境条件下栓皮栎幼苗的植冠构型变化,采用典型抽样法,对秦岭南坡3种生境中(林冠下、林隙、林缘)的栓皮栎天然更新幼苗的侧枝、叶片特征及其空间分布进行了调查分析,结果表明:3种不同生境中栓皮栎幼苗植冠形态发生了明显的可塑性变化,(1)林冠下的幼苗明显为开阔型树冠,林隙和林缘处的幼苗树冠相对紧密;(2)幼苗的1级侧枝密度与分枝角度在3种生境下均差异显著(P0.05);从Ⅰ到Ⅳ层,林冠下幼苗的分枝角度在冠层内变化幅度不到5°,而林缘处幼苗的分枝角度变化高达40°;发生5个以上1级侧枝的概率以林冠下最大,为0.6;(3)从林缘、林隙到林冠下,幼苗的叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、叶面积指数逐渐降低,数量叶密度和比叶面积则逐渐增大,与其它两种生境相比,林冠下幼苗的叶片逐渐向树冠上层集中,且以更高序的侧枝为主要着生枝条;(4)林隙中栓皮栎幼苗的树高、地径明显优于林缘和林冠下,缩短了苗木进入主林层的时间,林隙对栓皮栎种群更新有利。在今后栓皮栎林的经营中,可以通过适当间伐来增加林隙数量,为森林更新和结构的优化的提供有利条件。     

西南喀斯特石漠化环境适生植物细根构型及其与细根和根际土壤养分计量特征的相关性

以西南喀斯特石漠化环境适生植物构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、刺梨(Rosa roxburghii)、火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)为研究对象,采用挖掘法采集完整的细根根系,分析细根构型特征及其与细根和根际土壤C、N、P养分元素化学计量特征之间的相关性,探讨细根构型特征对石漠化贫瘠土壤生境的响应。结果表明:构树、花椒、刺梨、火棘细根构型均趋向于鱼尾形分支模式,细根拓扑指数分别为0.93、0.95、0.95和0.94。4种适生植物的细根连接长度较长,但细根根系分支率较小。构树、刺梨细根分支前后横截面积比不存在显著差异且分别为1.04、1.03,基本符合Leonardo da Vinci法则。细根构型与细根和根际土壤养分有一定的相关性。主成分分析结果表明,细根N含量及细根、根际土壤中与P相关的计量比均是影响细根构型的主要因子。进一步分析表明,4种适生植物通过减少细根次级分支、根系间的重叠、延长细根连接长度以获得充足的养分来应对环境的变化,提高对养分的吸收效率以及对喀斯特环境的生态适应性。研究结果...     

辽东栎林内不同小生境下幼树植冠构型分析

以黄土高原黄龙山林区辽东栎林内3个小生境（林下、林隙、林缘）下辽东栎天然更新幼树为研究对象,采用典型抽样法对辽东栎幼树侧枝、叶片和树冠的空间分布状况以及生物量分配状况进行调查分析,探讨微生境与幼树植冠构型特征的关系,明确辽东栎幼树对不同小生境的适应策略,为栎林经营和林分结构优化提供理论依据。结果显示：（1）3种生境下辽东栎幼树构型发生了可塑性变化,林下幼树树冠层次比较单一,林隙与林缘的幼树树冠层次更加丰富。（2）由林下至林缘,幼树的树高、枝下高呈逐渐减小的趋势,而地径变化趋势与之相反;幼树的冠幅、树冠面积、树冠率呈先增加后减小的趋势,并且林下与林隙、林缘的差异显著;幼树的总体分枝率、逐步分枝率、枝径比呈先增加后减小的趋势。（3）3种生境下,幼树的一级枝的枝长、直径与倾角随着树高的增加而呈减小的趋势,但3种生境的差异不显著;林下一级枝主要分布在冠层中上部,而林隙与林缘一级枝主要分布在冠层中下、中上部。（4）由林下至林缘幼树叶长、叶宽、单叶面积和比叶面积逐渐降低,而单株叶数、叶总面积、叶面积指数呈先增大后减小趋势;与其他2种生境相比林下叶片分布趋于冠层上部。（5）幼树地上部分生物量中林下主干生物量占83%,枝和叶生物量只占17%;而林隙与林缘虽然各部位生物量有所差异但比例基本一致,其中主干占66%左右,枝和叶生物量占34%左右。研究表明,林隙生境下幼树的构型优于林缘和林下生境,在今后栎林的经营中,可以通过适当间伐来增加林隙数量,为森林更新和结构的优化提供有利条件。     

干旱胁迫对不同根型苜蓿根系构型的影响

采用盆栽试验,比较播种当年及生长第2年对照、中度、重度干旱胁迫下根茎型、直根型、根蘖型苜蓿根系平面、立体几何构型和分形特征差异,以探究不同根型苜蓿对干旱的适应策略。结果表明：随干旱胁迫增加,各根型苜蓿根系总长度、总表面积、总体积和平均直径均减小;各根型苜蓿的根系拓扑指数较小,根系分支模式为叉状分支结构;各根型苜蓿的根系具有较好的分形特征,其分形维数较小,而分形丰度和平均连接长度均较大,表明其根系分支相对简单,但空间拓展能力强,有利于对营养空间的占有;各根型苜蓿的总分支较小、逐级分支率较大,有助于资源的快速获取和促进主根的向下生长。对根系构型参数进行主成分分析,根系总表面积、分形丰度、根长、根体积、分形维数和比根长6个根系构型参数能较好反映不同根型苜蓿根系构型特征。重度胁迫下,根茎型、根蘖型苜蓿的根系总长度、总表面积、总体积、比根长、比表面积、平均连接长度均大于直根型苜蓿,表明根茎型、根蘖型苜蓿适应干旱环境的能力强于直根型苜蓿。     

毛竹扩张对濒危植物桫椤根系形态可塑性的影响

为探讨毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla)向桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)林扩张的根系形态可塑性变化,在赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区毛竹-桫椤混交林上分别设置受毛竹轻度、中度以及重度干扰的样地,用根钻法收集桫椤、毛竹根系并对其生物量密度、细根比根长、相邻同级侧根节点距等参数进行比对。结果表明:各干扰程度下桫椤根系生物量密度均远低于毛竹,且二者呈负相关;随着与毛竹的接近,桫椤根系生物量持续下降;各样地中毛竹细根比根长均高于桫椤;重度干扰下毛竹侧根节点距最小,侧根数目最多;且毛竹根系多分布于表层土壤。由此可见,桫椤根系逐渐趋向于分布在深层土壤,毛竹在向桫椤林扩张过程中可通过改变根系生物量密度、细根比根长、相邻同级侧根节点距等形态可塑性特征来占据优势。     

天然次生林三种不同生境刺五加丁香苷和总黄酮含量的研究

采用高效液相和分光光度的方法对天然次生林林内、林隙和林缘三种不同生境下刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)主要次生代谢产物丁香苷和总黄酮的含量差异进行了研究。结果表明:不同生境条件下,刺五加不同部位丁香苷的含量不同。生境的变化对枝中丁香苷的含量影响最大,林内生境枝中丁香苷的含量最低,林隙生境较高,林缘生境最高。而茎基部丁香苷的含量规律为林内生境最高,林隙生境次之,林缘生境最低。三种不同生境中根和根茎丁香苷含量的变化没有明显的规律性。刺五加全株均含有黄酮类物质,其中叶和花中黄酮的含量较高。其总黄酮含量受环境的影响较大,在林内生境,刺五加叶、花和果中总黄酮的含量最低,林隙生境有所提高,而林缘生境中含量最高。叶片总黄酮含量与叶面积指数呈负相关,叶面积指数越大,叶片中总黄酮的含量越低。对于刺五加的枝、茎干、根和根茎而言, 1~3年枝总黄酮在各个生境之间没有显著的差异;而茎干中总黄酮的含量表现为林内生境显著的高于林隙生境和林缘生境,后两者没有明显的差异;与茎干不同,林内生境根和根茎中总黄酮的含量最低,林隙和林缘的较高。     

海南岛4个热带阔叶树种前5级细根的形态、解剖结构和组织碳氮含量

细根具有复杂的分支系统, 以根序(root order)为取样单元的细根生理生态学研究正在成为根系生态学研究领域的重要内容。该研究以海南岛尖峰岭4个热带阔叶树种海南蕈树(Altingia obovata)、厚壳桂(Cryptocarya chinensis)、山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)和黄桐(Endospermum chinense)为研究对象, 测定了1-5级细根的形态、解剖结构和组织碳(C)、氮(N)含量, 旨在探讨这些根系特征之间的联系。研究表明: 4个树种的细根形态差异较大, 但在树种水平上直径、根长和组织密度均随着根序的升高而增加, 比根长则随着根序的升高而降低; 低级根(前2级根或前3级根)具有皮层组织, 是典型的吸收根, 而高级根皮层组织消失, 是典型的运输和储藏根; 影响直径大小最重要的因子是皮层厚度, 它可以解释细根直径变异的97%, 而维管束直径仅能解释细根直径变异的70%; 根组织N和C浓度受维管束-根直径比(维根比)的影响, 随着维根比增加, 组织N浓度显著降低, 组织C浓度显著升高。4个树种细根的C/N比的变异受组织N浓度的影响程度为76%, 而受C浓度的影响程度不足10%。上述结果表明, 细根的形态特征、解剖结构和组织化学含量之间存在着紧密联系, 这为我们理解根系结构与功能变异提供了重要依据。     

毛竹种群向针阔林扩张的根系形态可塑性

为了弄清毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)向针阔林扩张过程中根系的形态可塑性反应,在浙江天目山自然保护区毛竹向针阔林扩张的典型过渡地带,连续区域上设置毛竹纯林、针阔-毛竹混交林(以下简称过渡林)、针阔林3种样地。用根钻法采集样地毛竹根系、针阔树根系并比对其生物量密度、细根比根长、相邻同级侧根节点距等形态特征参数变化。结果表明:随着毛竹的扩张程度增加,林内根系生物量密度增加;且与针阔树竞争过程中毛竹将更多的根系放置于表层;同时在水平方向上随离样株距离的增加未出现明显变化,而针阔树根系则随离样木距离的增加而逐渐减少;毛竹根系比根长明显增加,平均增幅15%;一、二级侧根节点距则均有所下降,毛竹侧根数量增多。这些结果表明毛竹种群可通过根系生物量密度、细根比根长、相邻同级侧根节点距等形态可塑性方式实现向周边森林扩张。     

喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段优势种根系构型特征

以喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段灌丛、次生林、原生林为研究对象,采用全挖法分析了各阶段4个优势种的根系构型参数,探讨该特殊生境条件下植物根系构型的差异性、相似性以及资源合理高效的利用方式。结果表明:(1)各个植被恢复阶段优势种拓扑指数TI均趋向于0.5,呈叉状分支结构,并表现为次生林(0.57)原生林(0.49)灌丛(0.46),有利于根系在贫瘠且浅薄的土壤环境中拓展生存空间。(2)3种植被恢复阶段优势种的根系平均连接长度在34.29cm以上,平均为37.01cm,增加连接长度对植物在养分贫瘠的喀斯特土壤环境的生存有利。(3)次生林根系分支率低于灌丛和原生林,这是不同植被恢复阶段优势种对环境所采取的不同适应策略。(4)3种植被恢复阶段优势种根系的横截面积比均符合Leonardo da Vinci法则,且不随直径的变化而变化。(5)3种植被恢复阶段优势种在土壤养分、水分获取及土壤空间拓展方面没有显著差异性。研究认为,在喀斯特峰丛洼地异质性很强的生境下,3种植被恢复阶段优势种的根系均为叉状分支结构,且均以较长的连接长度和较低的分支率策略适应其特殊的生态环境。     

Fine root branch orders respond differentially to carbon source-sink manipulations in a longleaf pine forest

Fine roots are a key component of carbon (C) flow and nitrogen (N) cycling in forest ecosystems. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of the fine root branching system have hampered the assessment and prediction of C and N dynamics at ecosystem scales. We examined how root morphology, biomass, and chemistry differed with root branch orders (1–5 with root tips classified as first order roots) and how different root orders responded to increased C sink strength (via N fertilization) and reduced carbon source strength (via canopy scorching) in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris L.) ecosystem. With increasing root order, the diameter and length of individual roots increased, whereas the specific root length decreased. Total root biomass on an areal basis was similar among the first four orders but increased for the fifth order roots. Consequently, total root length and total root surface area decreased systematically with increasing root order. Fine root N and lignin concentrations decreased, while total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and cellulose concentrations increased with increasing root order. N addition and canopy disturbance did not alter root morphology, but they did influence root chemistry. N fertilization increased fine root N concentration and content per unit area in all five orders, while canopy scorching decreased root N concentration. Moreover, TNC concentration and content in fifth order roots were also reduced by canopy scorching. Our results indicate that the small, fragile, and more easily overlooked first and second order roots may be disproportionately important in ecosystem scale C and N fluxes due to their large proportions of fine root biomass, high N concentrations, relatively short lifespans, and potentially high decomposition rates.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

氮添加和水分胁迫对红松、水曲柳幼苗生物量分配的影响

氮沉降和暖干化是我国东北地区面临的主要生态问题,它将对森林生态系统产生怎样的影响一直是生态学研究的热点.本研究以东北温带阔叶红松林中2个关键树种——红松和水曲柳为研究对象,探讨水分胁迫和氮(N)添加对其幼苗短期(55周)生长的影响.结果表明: 红松与水曲柳幼苗生长对N添加和水分胁迫的响应有明显差异.红松对水分胁迫更加敏感,在处理早期(10周)水分胁迫降低了红松幼苗叶生物量,提高了根生物量;N添加只在水分胁迫发生时显著减少了红松根和植株总生物量.水曲柳对N添加的反应更加敏感,氮添加迅速增加了水曲柳茎、根和总生物量;而只有持续的水分胁迫才对水曲柳的茎、根和总生物量有显著影响.红松和水曲柳在持续水分胁迫和N添加处理下,叶、根生物量占比和地上、地下生物量之比都趋于维持一个稳定值,说明两个树种都有很强的自我调节能力.以上结果说明,在未来干旱条件下,红松采取的是“积极”的调整策略,而水曲柳则是“被动”的适应策略,因而相比较而言,红松存活和适应能力可能更强;而在N沉降增加的环境下,水曲柳受益会更大.这些结果可为预测未来东北温带森林群落演替动态提供参考.     

Root system analysis of seedlings of seven tree species from a tropical dry forest in Mexico

Summary Root attributes of tree seedlings of seven species from the tropical deciduous forest along the Pacific Coast of Mexico are described using morphometirc root system analysis. Mean relative growth rate, root/shoot ratios, specific root length, root density, mean number of roots tips and root length/leaf area ratio were determined in seedlings grown for 35 days inside growth chambers. All the species had low relative growth rates, low root/shoot ratios and low root densities (<0.5 cm/cm³). The species associated with disturbed habitats, in contrast to the species characteristic of undisturbed areas, presented small seeds, a dichotomous root branching pattern and large specific root length. No relationship was found between seed size and mean relative growth rate among the species studied.     

Response of fine roots to an experimental gap in a boreal Picea abies forest

We examined the initial response of the quantity and distribution of fine roots to the creation of an experimental canopy gap with a diameter of 50 m in a mature managed Norway spruce forest. Under the canopy, the fine root length densities of trees, shrubs, and grasses and herbs were 3207, 707 and 2738 m m^–2, respectively. The fine root biomass of trees, shrubs, and grasses and herbs were 182, 47 and 52 g m^–2, respectively. Two growing seasons after gap creation hardly any fine tree roots were found in the middle part of the gap. The living tree roots in the gap edge zone were mainly located within a 5-m distance from the standing edge trees. The indices developed here to show the influence of trees on fine root lenght density clearly revealed the effect of the vicinity of living trees on fine root lenght density. The root densities of grasses, herbs and dwarf shrubs did not show a clear response to gap creation despite the increase of their foliage. Our results suggest that in boreal spruce forests a gap disturbance creates a distinct tree root gap and that the gap edge trees do not extend their root systems rapidly into the formed root gap.     

林冠环境对润楠幼苗构型和生物量分配的影响

植物幼苗早期适应对策对种群的更新具有决定性的作用。润楠(Machilus nanmu)是国家Ⅱ级保护植物,是重庆缙云山常绿阔叶林优势乔木树种之一。研究润楠幼苗的适应对策对于维持种群更新和保护常绿阔叶林生物多样性具有重要意义。本研究采集了重庆缙云山常绿阔叶林中不同林冠环境(林窗/林下)下不同年龄阶段(阶段1: 1～3年;阶段2: 4～6年;阶段3: 7～9年)的润楠幼苗,从构型和生物量分配角度研究其早期适应对策的时间动态及其对异质生境的响应。结果表明: 林窗中润楠幼苗的茎构型各指标(除枝倾角)和叶倾角在阶段2和阶段3显著大于林下,根构型各指标(除根直径)和叶面积在阶段1和阶段2显著大于林下;而林窗中润楠幼苗的比叶面积在3个阶段均显著小于林下。不同林冠环境和年龄阶段的生物量分配均以叶为主,但林窗中润楠幼苗从阶段2开始增加了茎的生物量分配,减少了根的生物量分配,林下润楠幼苗根的生物量分配则无显著变化。润楠幼苗各器官的协调性随生境条件不同产生适应性进化,即林窗中润楠幼苗的根与叶之间显著相关,且此相关关系随年龄增大由正到负;林下润楠幼苗的根和茎呈显著正相关,根和叶之间无显著相关。不同林冠环境下润楠幼苗枝干重与枝长的标准化主轴回归(SMA)方程斜率仅在阶段3差异显著,而叶、根生物量与构型间的SMA方程斜率的差异均不显著;大部分生物量与构型间的SMA方程截距在阶段2差异显著。     

Interactive effects of phenolic acid and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) fine roots

Aims The relationship between rhizosphere process and fine root growth is very close but still obscure. In poplar plantation, phenolic acid rhizodeposition and soil nutrient availability were considered as two dominant factors of forest productivity decline. It is very hard to separate them in the field and they might show an interactive effect on fine root growth. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of phenolic acids and nitrogen on branch orders of poplar fine roots and to give a deeper insight into how the ecological process on root-soil interface affected fine root growth as well as plantation productivity. Methods The cuttings of health annual poplar seedlings (I-107, Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) serve as experiment materials, and were cultivated under nine conditions, including three concentration of phenolic acids at 0X, 0.5X, 1.0X (here, X represented the contents of phenolic acids in the soil of poplar plantation) and three concentration of nitrogen at 0 mmol·L^-1, 10 mmol·L^-1, 20 mmol·L^-1, based on Hoagland solution. The roots were all separated from poplar seedlings after 35 days, and 30 percent of total fine roots of every treatment were taken as fine root samples. These fine roots were grouped according to 1 to 5 branch orders, and then the morphological traits of each group of fine roots were scanned via root analyzer system (WinRHIZO, Regent Instruments Company, Quebec, Canada) including total length, surface area, volume and average diameter. Meanwhile, the dry mass of fine root samples of every order was measured to calculate specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD). All data were analyzed via SPSS 17.0 software, and interactive effect of phenolic acids and nitrogen on roots was analyzed through univariate process module. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted via Canoco 4.5 software. Important findings Under the conditions without phenolic acids application, the fine roots growth was significantly inhibited in deficiency and higher nitrogen treatments, especially for 1-3 order roots. Only specific root length appeared decreased with nitrogen level, and other traits of fine roots did not demonstrate linear relationship with nitrogen concentrations. Compared to 0.5X phenolic acids treatment, 1.0X phenolic acids significantly promoted the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots (p < 0.05). Both phenolic acids and nitrogen demonstrated influence on poplar fine root traits. However, the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots were significantly affected by phenolic acids, while the total length and surface area of 4-5 order roots was affected by nitrogen. Two way ANOVA showed that phenolic acids and nitrogen made a synergistic or antagonistic effect on morphological building of fine roots. Furthermore, PCA and RDA indicated that the interactive effects of phenolic acids and nitrogen led to significant differences among 1-3 order, 4th order and 5th order of poplar fine roots. The PC1 explained about 60.9 percent of root morphological variance, which was related to foraging traits of roots. The PC2 explained 25.3 percent of variance, which was related to root building properties. The response of poplar roots to phenolic acids and nitrogen was closely related to root order, and nitrogen played more influence on poplar roots than phenolic acids. Thus, phenolic acids and nitrogen level would affect many properties of root morphology and foraging in rhizosphere soil of poplar plantation. But nitrogen availability would serve as a dominant factor influencing root growth, and soil nutrient management should be critical to productivity maintenance of poplar plantation.     

不同光照条件下聚花过路黄的克隆构型和分株种群特征

以都江堰灵岩山常绿阔叶林林下、林缘和林缘旷地3种不同光照环境中匍匐茎草本聚花过路黄(Lysimachla congestiflora)为对象,对其匍匐茎节间长、分枝强度、分枝角度、分株种群密度、分株种群生物量等指标进行了测定和分析．结果表明,聚花过路黄的匍匐茎节间长、分枝强度、分株种群密度和分株种群生物量在3种生境间差异显著．Kruskal Wallis检验表明,匍匐茎节间长度和分枝角度的频次分布在3种生境间差异显著．3种生境中匍匐茎节间长度分布偏斜度(skewness)的大小分别为：林缘旷地>林缘>林下．林缘旷地与林缘和林下生境在分枝角度、分株种群高度和分株种群根冠比差异显著,而且林缘旷地生境中分枝角度分布偏斜度最小．林缘和林下生境在分枝角度、分株种群高度和分株种群根冠比差异不显著．从林缘旷地、林缘到林下,聚花过路黄的克隆构型和分株种群特征发生了相应改变．结合克隆植物对资源的利用对策,讨论了不同生境中聚花过路黄克隆构型和分株种群特征可塑性的生态适应意义．     

小兴安岭3种植物细根形态和解剖性状的变异

以小兴安岭地区针叶树种红松、阔叶树种五角槭和灌木毛榛3种植物为对象,测定了1～5级细根的形态和解剖性状,研究根序及物种间的性状变异.结果表明: 3种植物除根直径和根长度无显著差异外,其他性状均存在显著的种间差异.红松的维管束直径(117.91～2392.05 μm)和维根比(0.31～1.87)均显著大于五角槭和毛榛,红松的比根长(0.72～18.26 m·g^-1)显著小于五角槭和毛榛,而五角槭的组织密度显著大于红松和毛榛.随根序增加,3种植物的根直径、根长度、组织密度、维管束直径和维根比整体呈增加趋势,而比根长呈下降趋势.形态和解剖性状间存在显著相关关系,如根直径与维管束直径呈显著相关,但其回归斜率在吸收根(1～3级)和运输根(4～5级)间存在显著差异.3种植物的根直径和维管束直径、皮层厚度均呈显著正相关,其回归斜率在不同物种间存在显著差异.