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1.
葡萄根系浸提液的化感作用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
以晚红(Red Globe)葡萄组培苗为材料,研究了葡萄根系浸提液对葡萄幼苗生长的影响,并采用LC-MS技术对其中的主要化感物质进行鉴定.结果表明:0.02g.ml-1(风干根质量/浸提液体积,下同)、0.1g.ml-1、0.2g.ml-1的葡萄根系浸提液显著抑制了葡萄幼苗的生长,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强.葡萄根系浸提液中含有对羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯丙酸和香豆酸4种酚酸类物质.盆栽模拟试验表明,不同浓度的(0.1、1、10mmol.L-1)水杨酸和苯丙酸显著抑制了葡萄植株的生长,随着作用浓度的升高,葡萄的株高、茎粗、地上和地下鲜质量、叶片净光合速率和根系活力降低,叶片可溶性糖、MDA含量升高,淀粉含量降低,而叶片蛋白质含量无明显变化规律. 相似文献
2.
当前入侵植物种类和入侵范围均日益扩大;而多种入侵植物共同入侵同一生境的概率也逐渐增加。为探讨这些入侵植物种内和种间的化感作用以及化感作用对其竞争能力的影响;本研究以北美车前(Plantago virgica)和野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)为例;采用室内生物学测定法;分析了2种植物不同器官(根、茎或花序轴、叶)、不同浓度(CK、0.005、0.01和0.05 g·mL-1)的水浸提液培养对其自身和对方种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明;浸提液浓度对2种入侵植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响最大;且浓度、器官及物种之间存在显著交互作用。2物种各器官各浓度浸提液对二者种子萌发总体表现为抑制;中低浓度浸提液对同种植物幼苗生长有一定促进作用;高浓度浸提液尤其是野胡萝卜叶浸提液对二者种子萌发与幼苗生长均有显著抑制作用。综合化感效应指数表明;浸提液浓度越高抑制作用越强;地上部分化感效应强于地下;且野胡萝卜对北美车前的种间化感作用最强。由此可见;种内和种间化感作用是入侵植物在相同入侵地相互竞争的重要方式。 相似文献
3.
化感水稻PI312777苗期根系分泌物中化学成分分析 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
在接近自然栽培的田间土壤条件下,以无种植水稻秧苗的田间土壤为对照,采用循环法分别收集化感水稻品种PI312777(PI)苗期(3~4叶)根系分泌物和对照土壤溶液,经乙醚萃取,GC-MS分析和仪器谱图库(NIST98 & WILEY)检索.结果表明,在水稻PI根系分泌物的乙醚萃取物中检测到3个化合物,其中萜类9个(峰面积10.97%)、酚醌类8个(5.87%)、酯类个(10.8%)、醛酮类3个(1.44%)、杂环类4个(8.04%)、醇类2个(1.23%)、醚类2个(0.57%)和其他物质2个(1.20%),萜类之间、酚醌类之间的化合物结构具有明显的相似性.在对照土壤溶液的乙醚萃取物中检测到39个化合物,其中有7个化合物与水稻PI根系分泌物中化合物相同.此外,还讨论了水稻根系分泌物与对照土壤溶液之间物质的差异和各类物质的化感作用机理. 相似文献
4.
一种新发现的促进型他感作用物质—Lepidimoide 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
他感作用(Allelopsthy)这一术语由Molisch首创并被定义为各种植物之间和微生物之间的生化作用[‘1。迄今为止,已分离、鉴定的他感作用物质多为抑制类型。1992年,日本筑波大学的长谷J!D教授首次报道了他们在独行菜(师批生urnsat。)种子萌发分泌液中提取、纯化的一种促进型他感作用物质,并定名为tepidilnoide[2-。]1化学结构与生物活性1.1化学结构tepiforide的化学名称是:2一氧一Ir鼠李糖毗哺糖基4一脱氧一a-I一苏一己4一烯醇g比哺糖钠盐(Na2-O-Lrhmpsyl斗dmp-a-Ltllret)-h。4-e。ppo。id。ie)。它是由鼠李糖和半… 相似文献
5.
生物化感作用研究是近年来兴起的交叉学科,是化学生态学研究的重要领域。研究水域浮游植物化感作用对了解浮游植物之间、浮游植物与其他生物之间的相互作用及作用机理具有重要意义,对了解赤潮和水华的发生机制及其生态控制等具有非常重要的作用。综述了海洋和湖泊浮游植物化感作用和化感物质的内涵,讨论了水体浮游植物化感作用的特点、研究化感作用的基本方法、化感物质的种类以及影响化感物质作用的生物和非生物因素,详细介绍了浮游植物化感物质的作用机理以及逃避和拈抗化感作用的方式,同时对目前研究的热点问题及未来研究的方向做了简要概述。 相似文献
6.
浮游藻类的化感作用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
化感作用由于在水产上有着巨大的潜力,成为近年来各国的研究热点。本文综述了藻类化感作用的定义、研究方法、化感物质的作用机制、影响因素、化感作用的应用等,并对今后研究方向以及应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
分子水平和土壤系统化感作用研究现状与展望 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
化感作用是生态学研究中的十分活跃的领域之一。除概述化感作用对于植物细胞、组织以及环境胁迫对于化感效应的影响外 ,本文主要讨论了在分子和土壤生态系统水平上的化感作用的研究。在分子水平化感作用研究中 ,主要从化感基因的定位、蛋白质和核酸合成、基因表达和调控以及生化机制等几个方面进行了论述。在化感作用对于土壤生态系统的影响方面 ,主要对其在土壤性质、土壤微生物和土壤动物方面的效应进行了评述。最后 ,并就化感作用研究中存在的问题和未来发展提出一些看法与展望。 相似文献
8.
用加拿大一枝黄花根系及根际土壤水浸液对白菜和萝卜的化感作用进行了研究。结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花根系水浸液和根际土壤水浸液对白菜和萝卜种子的萌发具有抑制作用。根际土壤水浸液对白策和萝卜幼苗生长具有促进作用,而对其胚根的伸长生长则具有显著的抑制作用。0.05g/mL根系水浸液处理显著抑制萝卜幼根的伸长,但其它浓度对白菜和萝卜幼苗生长和根系伸长的影响不明显。实验还表明高浓度的根系水浸液和根际土壤水浸液明显抑制白菜和萝卜的根系脱氢酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性。 相似文献
9.
不同处理的豚草残留物对小麦的化感作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
豚草是一种危害性恶性入侵杂草,对农业生态系统造成了严重危害。本实验主要研究了燃烧及未燃烧的豚草残留物及其水浸提液对小麦的化感作用,探讨了是否可用燃烧的方法来消除或减弱豚草残留物的化感作用。结果表明:豚草的残留物及其水浸提液均对小麦的早期生长有抑制作用,且残留物水浸提液对苗长的影响较残留物大,说明豚草残留物的化感物质可能是一些水溶性的物质,水的浸提使植物体中的一些化感物质得到了较完全的释放;混有豚草残留物的土壤的理化性质也发生变化,且随着土壤中豚草残留物浓度的增加,土壤的pH、电导率、有机碳含量及酚酸含量均有不同程度的升高,这些因素的综合作用抑制了小麦幼苗的生长,其中酚酸是其主要化感组分之一;通过对燃烧和未燃烧的豚草残留物的化感作用比较研究发现,燃烧过的残留物与未燃烧的残留物对苗长均有显著的抑制作用,但二者之间的差异不显著,因此不能用燃烧的方法消除豚草残留物对本地植物的影响。 相似文献
10.
水稻化感作用的机制与应用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻是我国的主要粮食作物,其与周围植物的相生相克作用(化感作用)得到越来越多的重视.简要介绍了近来国内外对水稻对高等植物的化感作用的研究成果,介绍其化感作用途径、化感物质的分离、鉴定、可能的作用原理及在生产实践中的应用. 相似文献
11.
Roberto García-Roa;Rebeca Domínguez-Santos;Vicente Pérez-Brocal;Andrés Moya;Amparo Latorre;Pau Carazo; 《Oikos》2022,2022(4):e08755
From inbreeding avoidance to kin-selected cooperation, social behaviours are frequently reliant on kin recognition. However, kin recognition mechanisms are costly to evolve and currently not very well understood. Recent evidence suggests that, by altering their host's odour, gut and other host-associated microorganisms may provide a promising avenue for understanding kin recognition. In Drosophila melanogaster, kin recognition can mediate mate choice, sexual conflict and larval competition/cooperation, underscoring its important functional role. As is commonly the case, kin recognition in this species depends on both familiarity (i.e. shared rearing environment) and relatedness, and seems to rely mainly on body odours determined by cuticular hydrocarbons. Here, we investigated the degree to which larval rearing environment and relatedness (full-sibs versus unrelated) determine co-variation between gut microbiota and cuticular hydrocarbons in D. melanogaster. We found that rearing environment strongly determined microbiota composition and cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, but that these effects were independent from each other. In contrast, relatedness did not influence microbiota composition, but had a strong influence on microbiota diversity, which in turn covaried significantly with cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Our results show that, in D. melanogaster, odours may convey information about both familiarity and relatedness via an interaction between: 1) direct effects of the rearing environment on cuticular hydrocarbons and 2) indirect effects of relatedness on cuticular hydrocarbons via gut microbiota diversity. 相似文献
12.
GIORA HETH JOSEPHINE TODRANK NICOLAS BUSQUET CLAUDE BAUDOIN 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2003,78(4):595-603
Previous research has demonstrated that closer genetic relatedness between individuals (from kin to across species) is associated with greater similarity in the qualities of their individual odours ('odour-genes covariance'). This predictable relationship between individual genotypes and individual odours could enable animals to assess their degree of genetic relatedness to other individuals by comparing the degree of similarity between another individual's odour and their own odour. In two-choice tests with odours of unfamiliar mice from different populations and species, subjects from two species of wild mice, Mus spicilegus and M. musculus , that had been raised in mixed litters of both species spent significantly more time investigating the ano-genital odour of the more genetically similar individual. This differential interest was not affected by common rearing with heterospecifics. These responses are consistent with a self-referencing mechanism enabling differential responses across a wide spectrum of genetic relatedness from kin through populations to heterospecifics. These assessments depend on the degree of similarity between the donor's and the subject's odours rather than on differences between them. Such a parsimonious mechanism may provide a basis for differential responses to conspecifics as opposed to heterospecifics that may function as a premating isolating mechanism. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 78, 595–603. 相似文献
13.
Two glandular systems were discovered that secrete their products onto the cuticular surface in ants. The first, the subepithelial gland, was previously undescribed in ants, and is found throughout the body just beneath the epithelium. This gland consists of independent secretory units, each made up of a single gland cell and an associated duct cell that penetrates the cuticle. Its ultrastructural appearance is consistent with possible hydrocarbon production. Examining 84 ant species, the subepithelial gland was found in eight subfamilies (out of 13), although not necessarily in all species. In a single ant species, Harpegnathos saltator, it was the epithelium itself that was enlarged and functioned as a gland. The enlarged epithelial cells secrete their products directly onto the cuticle through distinct cuticular crevasses. 相似文献
14.
Kin recognition in an annual plant 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kin recognition is important in animal social systems. However, though plants often compete with kin, there has been as yet no direct evidence that plants recognize kin in competitive interactions. Here we show in the annual plant Cakile edentula, allocation to roots increased when groups of strangers shared a common pot, but not when groups of siblings shared a pot. Our results demonstrate that plants can discriminate kin in competitive interactions and indicate that the root interactions may provide the cue for kin recognition. Because greater root allocation is argued to increase below-ground competitive ability, the results are consistent with kin selection. 相似文献
15.
The ability to recognize close relatives in order to cooperate or to avoid inbreeding is widespread across all taxa. One accepted mechanism for kin recognition in birds is associative learning of visual or acoustic cues. However, how could individuals ever learn to recognize unfamiliar kin? Here, we provide the first evidence for a novel mechanism of kin recognition in birds. Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) fledglings are able to distinguish between kin and non-kin based on olfactory cues alone. Since olfactory cues are likely to be genetically based, this finding establishes a neglected mechanism of kin recognition in birds, particularly in songbirds, with potentially far-reaching consequences for both kin selection and inbreeding avoidance. 相似文献
16.
Yuya Fukano Wei Guo Koji Noshita Shoko Hashida Shotaka Kamikawa 《Evolutionary Applications》2019,12(3):508-518
Accumulating evidence indicates that plants are capable of self/non‐self and kin/stranger discrimination. Plants increase biomass of and resource allocation to roots when they encounter roots of conspecific non‐self‐neighbors, but not when they encounter self roots. Root proliferation usually occurs at the expense of reproductive investment. Therefore, if clonal crops are capable of self/non‐self‐discrimination, spatially aggregated planting with seedlings of the same genotype may decrease root proliferation and produce a higher yield than planting without considering seedling genotype. To test this idea, we grew Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) in pot and field conditions and examined self/non‐self‐discrimination and the effectiveness of genotype‐aggregated planting. Plants grown in self pairs allocated less to root biomass than plants grown in non‐self pairs in both pot and field conditions; in field conditions, the self pairs produced 40% more tubers by weight than the non‐self pairs. When six sprouts from seed tuber of two different genotypes were grown together, with the two genotypes planted aggregately (AGG) or alternately (ALT), plants in the AGG group produced 14% more tubers than plants in the ALT group. These results suggest that spatial aggregation of genotypes increases tuber production in H. tuberosus. Because we found no evidence for trade‐offs between root biomass and tuber production, suppression of root proliferation may not be the only mechanism behind the benefits of genotype aggregation. By applying the concept of self/non‐self‐discrimination, farmers can increase crop production without additional external inputs or expansion of agricultural land use. 相似文献
17.
A Carl Leopold 《Plant signaling & behavior》2014,9(10)
The immobility of plants is consistent with their principal function: collecting light to provide photosynthetic substrate for the biological system. Their immobility does impose limitations on some basic requirements, such as the need for pollination, for seed dispersal, and for protection against herbivores. Meeting these 3 needs will logically necessitate some ability for plant communication – at least a capability for beneficial adaptive behavior. Three types of plant behavior provide evidence of memory and communication abilities: a capability for memory, a capability for measuring time, and extensive evidence of chemical signaling systems. These may provide benefits for genetic outcrossing, seed dispersal and protection – beneficial adaptive behaviors. The chemical signaling system constitutes a wireless communication network that draws mobile animals into assisting plant functions that require mobility. Plants share their chemical signaling systems most frequently with insects and birds. These beneficial adaptable behaviors may be interpreted as some type of consciousness. 相似文献
18.
在根系隔离情况下, 通过研究邻株身份(亲缘株、非亲缘株、陌生株)及其与种植密度(高、低)和土壤养分水平(高、低)交互作用对谷子(Setaria italica)形态学特征和生物量分配的影响, 探索谷子地上部分是否能够识别亲缘邻株, 以及谷子的这种亲缘识别能力对环境因子如何响应。结果显示: 1)亲缘组谷子叶生物量分配显著降低, 茎秆显著增粗, 暗示着亲缘组谷子植株间减少竞争, 并增强对当地多风气候的适应。而非亲缘组谷子叶生物量分配显著增加, 表明非亲缘组谷子植株间竞争较强。2)与非亲缘组相比, 陌生组谷子种子生物量分配显著增加, 株高显著减少, 表明陌生组谷子植株通过不对称竞争(与邻株糜(Panicum miliaceum)植株相比, 株高显著增加), 进一步限制邻株(糜)生长, 从而增强竞争能力, 同时, 将更多的生物量投资于繁殖, 增加适合度。3)在高密度种植条件下, 谷子茎生物量和叶生物量分配在各邻株身份处理间无显著差异, 而在低密度种植条件下, 与非亲缘组相比, 亲缘组谷子茎生物量显著增加, 叶生物量分配显著减小; 随着种植间距的增大(种植密度减小), 亲缘组谷子叶生物量分配显著减少, 而非亲缘组和陌生组叶生物量分配在高、低种植密度条件下无显著差异。4)在低土壤养分条件下, 亲缘组和非亲缘组谷子叶生物量分配无显著差异, 前者穗长显著小于后者, 而在高土壤养分条件下, 亲缘组谷子叶生物量分配显著小于非亲缘组, 前者穗长显著大于后者。结果表明, 在根系隔离的情况下,谷子能够识别亲缘邻株, 且谷子地上部分竞争信号在亲缘识别过程中扮演重要角色。较低种植密度和较高土壤养分水平有利于谷子亲缘识别能力的表达。 相似文献
19.
Richard H. Porter 《Genetica》1998,104(3):259-263
Humans, like other mammals, are capable of discriminating between kin and non‐kin by olfactory cues alone. Shortly after birth,
breastfed infants become familiar with, and respond preferentially to, their mother' unique odor signature. Mothers likewise
recognize the characteristic scent of their newborn infant. Close biological relatives share somewhat similar odor signatures
(presumably resulting from genetically mediated similarities in bodily biochemistry and metabolism) that could facilitate
kin recognition.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Elizabeth M. Erhart Anthony M. Coelho Claud A. Bramblett 《American journal of primatology》1997,43(2):147-157
Our objective in this study was to evaluate whether a group of paternally related, subadult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) would preferentially interact with kin or nonkin when they had been raised apart from kin other than their mothers. Subjects and their mothers were removed from the breeding group and placed in alternate housing within 24 h after birth to ensure that the subjects would not have a social history with either their sire or their half-siblings. At 90 days of age, the 23 subjects were separated from their mothers and assigned to a peer–peer social group. Behavioral performance was measured using focal animal sampling techniques and 12 molecular behavioral criteria. Analyses of the data indicate that in dyadic interactions kin did not interact more frequently than nonkin in performance of affiliative, sociosexual, and agonistic behaviors. The hypothesis that baboons recognize kin in the absence of maternal associations was not supported by the data; moreover, we suggest that social learning and social history are the most likely mechanisms for kin recognition. Am. J. Primatol. 43:147–157, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献